عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ:
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الْأَشْيَاءُ كُلُّهَا لَا تُدْرَكُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرَيْنِ بِالْحَوَاسِّ وَ الْقَلْبِ وَ الْحَوَاسُّ إِدْرَاكُهَا عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ مَعَانٍ إِدْرَاكاً بِالْمُدَاخَلَةِ وَ إِدْرَاكاً بِالْمُمَاسَّةِ وَ إِدْرَاكاً بِلَا مُدَاخَلَةٍ وَ لَا مُمَاسَّةٍ فَأَمَّا الْإِدْرَاكُ الَّذِي بِالْمُدَاخَلَةِ فَالْأَصْوَاتُ وَ الْمَشَامُّ وَ الطُّعُومُ وَ أَمَّا الْإِدْرَاكُ بِالْمُمَاسَّةِ فَمَعْرِفَةُ الْأَشْكَالِ مِنَ التَّرْبِيعِ وَ التَّثْلِيثِ وَ مَعْرِفَةُ اللَّيِّنِ وَ الْخَشِنِ وَ الْحَرِّ وَ الْبَرْدِ وَ أَمَّا الْإِدْرَاكُ بِلَا مُمَاسَّةٍ وَ لَا مُدَاخَلَةٍ فَالْبَصَرُ فَإِنَّهُ يُدْرِكُ الْأَشْيَاءَ بِلَا مُمَاسَّةٍ وَ لَا مُدَاخَلَةٍ فِي حَيِّزِ غَيْرِهِ وَ لَا فِي حَيِّزِهِ وَ إِدْرَاكُ الْبَصَرِ لَهُ سَبِيلٌ وَ سَبَبٌ فَسَبِيلُهُ الْهَوَاءُ وَ سَبَبُهُ الضِّيَاءُ فَإِذَا كَانَ السَّبِيلُ مُتَّصِلًا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ الْمَرْئِيِّ وَ السَّبَبُ قَائِمٌ أَدْرَكَ مَا يُلَاقِي مِنَ الْأَلْوَانِ وَ الْأَشْخَاصِ فَإِذَا حُمِلَ الْبَصَرُ عَلَى مَا لَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ فِيهِ رَجَعَ رَاجِعاً فَحَكَى مَا وَرَاءَهُ كَالنَّاظِرِ فِي الْمِرْآةِ لَا يَنْفُذُ بَصَرُهُ فِي الْمِرْآةِ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ سَبِيلٌ رَجَعَ رَاجِعاً يَحْكِي مَا وَرَاءَهُ وَ كَذَلِكَ النَّاظِرُ فِي الْمَاءِ الصَّافِي يَرْجِعُ رَاجِعاً فَيَحْكِي مَا وَرَاءَهُ إِذْ لَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ فِي إِنْفَاذِ بَصَرِهِ فَأَمَّا الْقَلْبُ فَإِنَّمَا سُلْطَانُهُ عَلَى الْهَوَاءِ فَهُوَ يُدْرِكُ جَمِيعَ مَا فِي الْهَوَاءِ وَ يَتَوَهَّمُهُ فَإِذَا حُمِلَ الْقَلْبُ عَلَى مَا لَيْسَ فِي الْهَوَاءِ مَوْجُوداً رَجَعَ رَاجِعاً فَحَكَى مَا فِي الْهَوَاءِ فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لِلْعَاقِلِ- أَنْ يَحْمِلَ قَلْبَهُ عَلَى مَا لَيْسَ مَوْجُوداً فِي الْهَوَاءِ مِنْ أَمْرِ التَّوْحِيدِ جَلَّ اللَّهُ وَ عَزَّ فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَتَوَهَّمْ إِلَّا مَا فِي الْهَوَاءِ مَوْجُودٌ كَمَا قُلْنَا فِي أَمْرِ الْبَصَرِ تَعَالَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يُشْبِهَهُ خَلْقُهُ.
Read English translationHide English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn
12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from some of his people from Hisham ibn al-Hakam who has said the following. “Things can be perceived by two means: (1) By the senses and (2) by the heart, intellect. Perceptions of the senses are of three kinds: (1) Perception in the form of penetration, (2) Perception in the form of touching, and (3) Perception without penetration or touCh Perception by means of sounds, smells and tastes are formed through penetration. Perception through touching comes from the knowledge of shapes, such as rectangular or triangular etc., and also softness, hardness, heat and cold. Perception without touch or penetration is that of sight which is capable of perceiving things without touching or penetration, directly or indirectly. Perception through sight needs a path and medium. Its path is air and its medium is the light. If the path is continuous between the viewer and the object and the medium then seeing takes place such as colors and persons. If light falls on something without a path, it will return reflecting what is behind (the observed), like an observer looking into a mirror. Light does not penetrate into the mirror, because it finds no path. So it returns reflecting what lies behind the observed. It is similar to looking into the clear water returns light that reflects what is at the rear. This happens because there is no path for the penetration of light. Intellect dominates the air. It perceives all that is in the air and forms his Wahm (intuitive form of perception). If the heart will not find any thing in the air it comes back and reflects what is in the air. A person of reason should not force his heart against what is not in the air of the issue of the Oneness of Allah, the Majestic, the Glorious, otherwise, it will form his Wahm of what is there in the air as mentioned about the eye-witnessing. Allah, the Most High is far and above similarities with the creatures.”
Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.
Hadith gradings
2- لم يخرجهShaykh Baqir al-BehbudiSahih al-Kafi
- مرسل موقو فAllamah Baqir al-MajlisiMirʾāt al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl (1/141)
الهوامش · 1⌄
[1]هذا الحديث موقوف لم يسنده إلى معصوم. و لعله لما ورد الأحاديث المروية عن أهل البيت عليهم السلام عن نفى الابصار بالعيون و أوهام القلوب ذيل الباب بما نقل عن هشام بن الحكم الذي هو رأس أصحاب الصادق( ع) و إنّما يظن به ان كلامه مأخوذ من أحاديثهم عليهم السلام( رف)ص 99