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الکافی- ط الاسلامیة

الكافي- ط الاسلامية

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بَابُ الْأَمَةُ تَكُونُ تَحْتَ الْمَمْلُوكِ فَتُعْتَقُ أَوْ يُعْتَقَانِ جَمِيعاً

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ أَمَةٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ عَبْدٍ فَأُعْتِقَتِ الْأَمَةُ قَالَ أَمْرُهَا بِيَدِهَا إِنْ شَاءَتْ تَرَكَتْ نَفْسَهَا مَعَ زَوْجِهَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ نَزَعَتْ نَفْسَهَا مِنْهُ‌ وَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَتْ عِنْدَ زَوْجٍ لَهَا وَ هِيَ مَمْلُوكَةٌ فَاشْتَرَتْهَا عَائِشَةُ فَأَعْتَقَتْهَا فَخَيَّرَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ أَنْ تَقِرَّ عِنْدَ زَوْجِهَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ فَارَقَتْهُ وَ كَانَ مَوَالِيهَا الَّذِينَ بَاعُوهَا اشْتَرَطُوا عَلَى عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ لَهُمْ وَلَاءَهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ وَ تُصُدِّقَ عَلَى بَرِيرَةَ بِلَحْمٍ فَأَهْدَتْهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَعَلَّقَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ وَ قَالَتْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَا يَأْكُلُ لَحْمَ الصَّدَقَةِ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ اللَّحْمُ مُعَلَّقٌ فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنُ هَذَا اللَّحْمِ لَمْ يُطْبَخْ فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صُدِّقَ بِهِ عَلَى بَرِيرَةَ وَ أَنْتَ لَا تَأْكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ فَقَالَ هُوَ لَهَا صَدَقَةٌ وَ لَنَا هَدِيَّةٌ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِطَبْخِهِ فَجَاءَ فِيهَا ثَلَاثٌ مِنَ السُّنَنِ‌.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a slave girl who was under a slave, so the slave girl was emancipated. He asws said: ‘Her command is in her hands. If she so desires to she leaves herself with her husband, and if she so desires to she removes herself from him’. And he asws mentioned that Bureyra was with a husband of hers, and she was an owned slave. So Ayesha bought her and emancipated her. So Rasool-Allah saww gave her a choice and said: ‘If she so desires to she stays with her husband, and if she so desires to, she separates from him’; and it was so that her masters who had sold her had stipulated upon Ayesha that her mastership would be for them. So Rasool-Allah saww said: ‘The mastership is for the one who emancipates’. And some meat was given in charity to Bureyra, so she gifted it to Rasool-Allah saww . So Ayesha kept it aside and said, ‘Rasool-Allah saww does not eat the charity’. So Rasool-Allah saww came over and the meat was kept aside, so he saww said: ‘What is the matter with this meat not having been cooked?’ So she said, ‘O Rasool-Allah saww ! It was given in charity with upon Bureyra and you saww do not eat the charity’. So he saww said: ‘It is a charity for her, and for us saww it is a gift’. Then he saww ordered with cooking it. Thus, there flowed three Sunnahs in it’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]يدل على أحكام، الأول: أن الأمة إذا كانت تحت عبد فاعتقت تخيرت في فسخ نفسها بل يدل قصة بريرة على الأعمّ لكن سيأتي أن زوجها كان عبدا. قال السيّد- رحمه اللّه- في شرح النافع: أجمع العلماء كافة على أن الأمة المزوجة بعبد إذا اعتقت ثبت لها الخيار في فسخ النكاح و اختلف الاصحاب في ثبوت الخيار لها إذا كان الزوج حرا فذهب الاكثر إلى ثبوته لرواية أبى الصباح و رواية زيد الشحام و غيرهما و يشكل بان هذه الروايات كلها ضعيفة السند لا تصلح لاثبات حكم مخالف للاصل و ذهب الشيخ في الخلاف و المبسوط و المحقق في الشرائع إلى عدم ثبوت الخيار هنا و المصير إليه متعين و قد تعين قطع الاصحاب بأن هذه الخيار على الفور و لا بأس به: الثاني أن شرط الولاء لغير المولى فاسد كما ذكره الاصحاب الثالث: أن الصدقة التي أخذها غير بنى هاشم إذا أهدى الى بنى هاشم تحل لهم و عليه الفتوى.( آت)ص 486

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أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عِيصِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ قَالَ

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قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِنَّ بَرِيرَةَ كَانَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ فَلَمَّا أُعْتِقَتْ خُيِّرَتْ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, from Safwan and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ays Bin Al Qasim who said, ‘Abu Abdullah asws said: ‘Bureyra had a husband for her. So when she was emancipated, she had a choice (to be with him or not)’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ

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سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا أَعْتَقْتَ مَمْلُوكَيْكَ رَجُلًا وَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا نِكَاحٌ وَ قَالَ إِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ أَنْ يَكُونَ زَوْجَهَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ بِصَدَاقٍ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُنْكِحُ عَبْدَهُ أَمَتَهُ ثُمَّ أَعْتَقَهَا تُخَيَّرُ فِيهِ أَمْ لَا قَالَ نَعَمْ تُخَيَّرُ فِيهِ إِذَا أُعْتِقَتْ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Sinan who said, ‘I heard Abu Abdullah asws saying: ‘When two owned slaves of yours, a man and his wife, are emancipated, so there is no marriage between them’. And he asws said: ‘If she so likes, he can be her husband, and that would be with a dower’. He (the narrator) said, ‘And I asked him asws about the man who got his slave to be married to his slave girl. Then he emancipated her. Would she have a choice regarding it or not?’ He asws said: ‘Yes, she would have a choice in it (to stay with him or not) when she is emancipated’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ

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قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ فِي بَرِيرَةَ ثَلَاثٌ مِنَ السُّنَنِ حِينَ أُعْتِقَتْ فِي التَّخْيِيرِ وَ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ وَ فِي الْوَلَاءِ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Sama’at, from someone else, from Aban, from the one who narrated it, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen asws said: ‘Regarding Bureyra, there are three Sunnahs when she was emancipated – regarding the choice, and regarding the charity, and regarding the mastership’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ:

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ذَكَرَ أَنَّ بَرِيرَةَ مَوْلَاةَ عَائِشَةَ كَانَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ عَبْدٌ فَلَمَّا أُعْتِقَتْ قَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص اخْتَارِي إِنْ شِئْتِ أَقَمْتِ مَعَ زَوْجِكِ وَ إِنْ شِئْتِ فَلَا.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at who said, ‘(He asws ) mentioned that Bureyra was a slave of Ayesha and had a husband for her who was a slave. So when she was emancipated, Rasool-Allah saww said to her: ‘Choose! If you so desire to you can stay with your husband, and if your so desire to, so no’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رِبْعِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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كَانَ زَوْجُ بَرِيرَةَ عَبْداً.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazl Bin Shazaan, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Rabie Bin Abdullah, from Bureyd Bin Muawiya, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘The husband of Bureyra was a slave’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.