1. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “This is about the case of a man who brings a complaint against another but does not have testimony. One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘He must ask him (defendant) to take an oath; and if he turns the oath on the plaintiff who does not take oath, then he has no right.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd from al-Qasim ibn Sulayman from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has narrated the following: “About the case of a man who brings a complaint against another but does not have testimony, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He must ask him (defendant) to take an oath, and if he turns the oath on the plaintiff who does not take the oath, then he has no right.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from the one who narrated to him who has narrated the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘There are four ways to prove a case. One way to prove it is the testimony of two just men, if this is not available, then one man and two women, if this is not available, then it is the testimony of one man and the oath of the plaintiff; if there is no witness then the oath is on the defendant. If the defendant does not take the oath and turns it to plaintiff then it is obligatory on him to take the oath to receive his right, and if he declines, there is nothing for him.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah, from certain persons of his people from Aban from a man who has narrated the following: “This is about the case of a man who claims to have a right on another man but does not have any testimony. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He can ask the defendant to take an oath, but if he declines and asks the plaintiff to take an oath, then it is obligatory on him to take an oath to receive his right.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the oath can be turned to the plaintiff.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.