Those whom Allah has called people of knowledge they are the Imams (a.s.)

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Abdallah ibn al-Mughirah from ‘Abd al-Mu’min ibn al-Qasim al-Ansari from Sa‘d from Jabir from abu Ja‘far (a.s.) who has said the following about the words of Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High. Say, “Are those who know equal to those who do not know? Only the people of reason take heed.” (39:9) ‘We are the people of knowledge, the people who and it is our enemies who do not know and our followers are the people who take heed and are the people of reason.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from al-Nawfali from ‘Abd al-‘Azim ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Hassan al-‘Alawi in a marfu’ manner from the Imam who has said the following: “The Holy Prophet would sit with three postures: al-Qurfusa . In this posture both knees are up and one holds them with both arms and hands around them, folding both legs backwards so one can sit on them and one leg folded and the other spread over the folded one. He was never seen sitting with legs squared.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), ’When I stand up for Salah (prayer) can I read, “In the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful” in the beginning of the recitation?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so.’ I then asked, ‘When I complete reading al-Fatihah can I read “In the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful” in the beginning of the chapter?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. A number of our people has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from an-Nadr ibn Suwayd from Jabir from abu Ja‘far (a.s.) who has said the following about the words of Allah, the Most Holy, the Most High: “Are those who know equal to those who do not know? Only the people of reason take heed.” (39:9) He said, ‘We are the people of knowledge, and our enemies are those who do not know, and our followers (Shias) are the people of reason.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from those whom he has mentioned (in his book) from abu Hamza al-Thumali who has said the following: “I saw Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.) when sitting place one foot over his thigh. I said, ‘People dislike this sitting posture and say, “It is the sitting posture of the Lord.’” The Imam said, ‘I sit this way to relieve myself of tiredness. The Lord does not tire and slumber or sleep cannot overcome Him.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from Yahya ibn abu ‘Imran al-Hamdaniy who has said the following: “I once wrote to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), and asked. ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, what do you say about a man who says “In the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful” in the beginning of ‘Umm al-Kitab, when performing Salah (prayer) alone. After completing ‘Umm al-Kitab he does not say it before the chapter (surah) and al-‘Abbasiy says that it is not harmful?’ He (the Imam) wrote with his own handwriting, ‘He reads it again, he reads it again twice to emphasise against al-‘Abbasiy.’” (Ahadith 1-2 are best explained in the form of fatwa.)

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Ali has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Muhammad ibn Murazim from abu Sulayman al-Zahid from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Whoever feels content with a seat without formalities in a gathering, Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, and His angels continue doing and asking favors for him until he leaves the gathering.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hassan ibn Ali from ‘Abbad ibn Ya‘qub from ‘Amr ibn Mus’ab from Furat ibn Ahnaf who has said the following: “I heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), say, ‘Every book that has come from the heavens begins with “In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.’” When you read, ‘In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful’ it is then not an offense not to read: ‘I seek refuge with Allah against Satan, the condemned one.’ When you read, ‘In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful’, it protects you from things between the sky and earth.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from certain individuals of his people from Talhah ibn Zayd from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah most of the time would sit facing the direction of Qiblah (Ka’bah).”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘Is there any temporary recitation in Salah (prayer)? He (the Imam) replied, ‘No, except Friday in which you recite al-Jumu‘ah, and al-Munafiqun, (Chapters 62 and 63).’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Abu Ali al-Ash’ari has narrated from Mu’ Alla ibn Muhammad from al- Washsha’ from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman who has said the following: “Once Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) was sitting with his right foot on his left thigh. A man said, ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, this sitting posture is not desirable.’ The Imam said, ‘It is not so. That is a thing the Jews say that when Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, finished creating the heavens and earth and took His place on the Throne, He sat in this posture to rest and relax. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, revealed 255 of Chapter 2 of the Holy Quran, “Allah exists. No one deserves to be worshipped except Allah, the Everlasting and the Guardian of life. Drowsiness or sleep does not seize him. . . .’” (2:255) Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) continued to remain in that sitting posture.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Ali has narrated from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from Jamil who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you are behind an Imam when he completes reading al-Hamd you say, ‘all praise belongs to Allah, Cherisher of the worlds,’ and do not say ‘Amen.’” (Ahadith 4-5 are best explained in the form of fatwa.)

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from those whom he has mentioned (in his book) from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “When the Messenger of Allah was to enter a house he would sit at the nearest place to the entrance.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Umar ibn ’Udhaynah and ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Of recitations and prayers, only such recitations and prayers are counted which one has made his own self to hear.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali ibn abu Talib (a.s.) would say, ‘The market place of the Muslims is like their Mosque, the one who first takes a place stays there until night. ’ The narrator has said that he (the Imam) would not charge any rent for the shops.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

7. Abu Dawud has narrated from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from Muhammad ibn Sinan from ibn Muskan from Hassan al-Sayqaf who has said the foiiowing: “I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘Is it sufficient for me to read just al-Fatihah in an obligatory Salah (prayer) if I am in a hurry or something causes me to move quickly?’ He (the Imam) replied, ’It is not harmful.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

8. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘In a gathering during summer the distance between two people should be an elbow’s length (about eighteen inches) so that no difficulty is caused to any of them.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from af-Husayn ibn abu Najran from Safwan al-Jammai who has said the foiiowing: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), once led us in al-Maghrib Salah (prayer) and recited al- Ma’udhatayn in two Rak’at.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

9. Ali has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman who has said the following: “Once, I saw Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) sitting in his house near the door facing the Ka’bah.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

9. Afi ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is permissible for one suffering from illness to recite just al-Fatihah in an obligatory Salah (prayer) as well as for one in good health in Qada’ (compensatory prayer) of optional Salah (prayer) missed during the day or night.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

10. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Safwan from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘It is undesirable to recite two Surah (chapters) together in an obligatory Salah (prayer) but in an optional one it is not harmful.’” (Ahadith 7-11 are best explained in the form of fatwa.)

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya through the chain of his narrators has narrated who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that it is not desirable to recite all of Chapter 112 in one breath.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

12. Ahmad ibn Idris has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You must not read less than a Surah (Chapter) in an obligatory Salah (prayer) or more.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

13. Abu Dawud has narrated from Ali ibn Mahziyar from through chain of his narrators from Safwan al-Jammal who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘Salah (prayer) of repenting people with all fifty of them there is Chapter 112.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

14. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from Salih ibn ‘Uqbah from abu Harun al-Makfuf who has said the following: “A man once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when I was present, ‘How much one recites when it is Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘One recites eighty verses.’ The man then left. He (the Imam) said, ‘O abu Harun, have you ever seen an old man more strange than this man who asked me about something which I answered but did not ask me about its explanation? This is a man about whom people of Iraq think, is the wisest among them. O abu Harun, al-Hamd has seven verses and 112 has three verses all together become ten verses. At noontime there are eight Rak‘at and this makes it eighty verses.”’ (According to ‘ A’immah Chapter 112 may consist of three verses).

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

15. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from al- Halabiy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ’Can one recite in Salah (prayer) with his clothes on his mouth? He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful if his ears can hear his humming.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

16. Ahmad ibn Idris has narrated from Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from Muhammad ibn abu Hamzah from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When performing Salah (prayer) with them (other people) it is sufficient to recite like speaking to one’s soul.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

18. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Ahmad ibn al-Hassan ibn Ali ibn Faddal from ‘Amr ibn Sa’id al-Mada’iniy from Musaddiq ibn Sadaqah from ‘Ammar ibn Musa who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who forgets a letter of the recitation and remembers it in Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees); is it permissible for him to recite in Ruku‘? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible but he recites in Sujud (prostration).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

19. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn ‘Ubdus from Muhammad ibn Zawiyah from abu Ali ibn Rashid who has said the following: “I said to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, you have written to Muhammad ibn al-Faraj telling him that the most excellent recitation in obligatory Salah (prayer) are chapters 97 and 112 of the Holy Quran. I feel uneasy reciting them in morning Salah (prayer).’ The Imam said, ‘You should not feel uneasy to recite them, by Allah, excellence is in reciting these two chapters.’” (Ahadith 12-19 are best explained in the form of fatwa.)

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

20. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa’id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Safwan al-Jammal who has said the following: “I performed Salah (prayer) for many days in congregation led by abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and in Salah (prayer) which is not recited loudly, he would read Bismillah, (in the name of Allah, most Beneficent, most Merciful) aloud in both Surah (chapters).”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

21. It is a narration from him (narrator of previous Hadith) by Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama’ah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘Do not be loud in your Salah (prayer) nor very quiet.’ (17:110) He (the Imam) said, ‘Quiet is when you do not hear it, and loud is when you raise your voice very loud.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

22. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ’Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah who has said that narrated to him Mu’adh ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You must not miss reading Surah (chapter) 112 and 109 in seven instances. Read them in the two Rak‘at before dawn, in the two Rak‘at at noontime, in the two Rak‘at after al-Maghrib, in the first two Rak‘at of the night Salah (prayer), the two Rak‘at for Ihram. Read them in the two Rak‘at of the morning if you begin the morning with them and the two Rak‘at for Tawaf.’” “In another Hadith it is said that in all of these Surah (Chapter) 112 is read first and in the second Rak‘at is Surah (Chapter) 109 except for the two Rak‘at before the morning in which Surah (Chapter) 109 is read first and in the second Rak‘at Surah (chapter) 112 is read.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

23. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-’Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about a man who leads people in Salah (prayer) and makes a mistake. He (the Imam) said, ‘Those behind him open it up for him (help to correct him).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

24. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that a man may stand up in a certain place to perform Salah (prayer). He then wants to move forward. He in such case stops reading when he is walking forward, until he reaches the place that he wants, then reads.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

25. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from as ibn ‘Amir from Ali ibn Mahziyar from Fadalah ibn Ayyub from al-Husayn ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Amr ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that a man stands up for Salah (prayer), wants to read a Surah (chapter) and he reads Surah (chapter) 112 and Surah (chapter) 109. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can discontinue reading any Surah (chapter) except Surah (chapter) 112 and Surah (chapter) 109.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

26. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Amirah from Dawud ibn Farqad from Sabir Mawla’ Bassam who has said the following: “Once, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), led us in al-Maghrib Salah (prayer). He read al-M‘udhatayn (chapters 113, 114) and said that they are of al-Quran.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

27. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘Is it necessary for an Imam to read so that people behind him can hear his reading even if they are many?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He reads moderately; Allah, most Blessed, most High, has said, “Do not be very loud in your Salah (prayer) nor very quiet.’”” (17:110)

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

28. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from ‘Isa from Yunus from al-‘Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about one who does not read al-Fatihah in his Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘His Salah (prayer) is not valid. He must begin with it (al-Fatihah) that which is read aloud or quietly.’ I then asked, ‘Which one is more beloved to you: if one is afraid or in a hurry, is it reading a Surah (chapter) or al-Fatihah of al-Kitab?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘al-Fatihah of al-Kitab is more beloved.’” (Ahadith 20-28 are best explained in the form of fatwa.)

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

17. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The recitation of a speechless person in Talbiyah, Tashahhud and readings from al-Quran in Salah (prayer) is by moving his tongue and pointing with his finger.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.