One Performing Salah (Prayer) Partially behind an Imam Who then Asks Him to Lead because of Losing his Wudu’

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُدْرِكُ الرَّكْعَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ وَ هِيَ لَهُ الْأُولَى كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ إِذَا جَلَسَ الْإِمَامُ قَالَ يَتَجَافَى‌[1] وَ لَا يَتَمَكَّنُ مِنَ الْقُعُودِ فَإِذَا كَانَتِ الثَّالِثَةُ لِلْإِمَامِ وَ هِيَ لَهُ الثَّانِيَةُ فَلْيَلْبَثْ قَلِيلًا إِذَا قَامَ الْإِمَامُ بِقَدْرِ مَا يَتَشَهَّدُ ثُمَّ يَلْحَقُ بِالْإِمَامِ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَن

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who joins the congregation in the second Rak‘at which is the first for him. What is he to do when the Imam sits down? He (the Imam) said, ‘He displays readiness to stand up (by raising his knees from the ground and placing his palms on the ground), does not allow himself

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِذَا لَمْ تُدْرِكْ تَكْبِيرَةَ الرُّكُوعِ فَلَا تَدْخُلْ فِي تِلْكَ الرَّكْعَةِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you cannot join in Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) for Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) do not enter (congregational Salah (prayer)) in that Rak‘at.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ يَسْبِقُنِي الْإِمَامُ بِالرَّكْعَةِ فَتَكُونُ لِي وَاحِدَةٌ وَ لَهُ ثِنْتَانِ فَأَتَشَهَّدُ كُلَّمَا قَعَدْتُ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَإِنَّمَا التَّشَهُّدُ بَرَكَةٌ.

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, the Imam is one Rak‘at ahead of me which is the first for me and the second for him. Do I say Tashahhud (testimonies of belief) when I sit down? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, Tashahhud (testimonies of belief) is but a blessing

إِذَا سَبَقَكَ الْإِمَامُ بِرَكْعَةٍ فَأَدْرَكْتَ الْقِرَاءَةَ الْأَخِيرَةَ قَرَأْتَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ وَ هِيَ ثِنْتَانِ لَكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تُدْرِكْ‌ مَعَهُ إِلَّا رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً قَرَأْتَ فِيهَا وَ فِي الَّتِي تَلِيهَا وَ إِنْ سَبَقَكَ بِرَكْعَةٍ جَلَسْتَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ لَكَ وَ الثَّالِثَةِ لَهُ حَتَّى تَعْتَدِلَ الصُّفُوفُ قِيَاماً قَالَ وَ قَالَ إِذَا وَجَدْتَ الْإِمَامَ سَاجِداً فَاثْبُتْ مَكَان

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the Imam is one Rak‘at ahead and you join in the last recitation, recite in the third Rak‘at for him which is the second for you. You must do so even if you cannot join him for more than one Rak‘at in which you recited as well as in the one that follows. If he is one Rak‘at ahead o

إِذَا أَدْرَكْتَ الْإِمَامَ قَدْ رَكَعَ فَكَبَّرْتَ وَ رَكَعْتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكْتَ الرَّكْعَةَ فَإِنْ رَفَعَ الْإِمَامُ رَأْسَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَرْكَعَ فَقَدْ فَاتَتْكَ الرَّكْعَةُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If you join the Imam for one Rak‘at, say Takbir (Allah is great beyond description). You must perform Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) before he raises his head (from Ruku‘). You have joined for one Rak‘at but if he raises his head before you are in Ruku‘, you have missed one Rak‘at

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ فِي الرَّجُلِ إِذَا أَدْرَكَ الْإِمَامَ وَ هُوَ رَاكِعٌ فَكَبَّرَ وَ هُوَ مُقِيمٌ صُلْبَهُ ثُمَّ رَكَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ الْإِمَامُ رَأْسَهُ فَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man finds the Imam in Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees), says Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) while his back is straight and performs Ruku‘ before the Imam raises his head, has joined for one Rak‘at.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْتِي الْمَسْجِدَ وَ هُمْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَ قَدْ سَبَقَهُ الْإِمَامُ بِرَكْعَةٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَيَعْتَلُّ الْإِمَامُ فَيَأْخُذُ بِيَدِهِ فَيَكُونُ أَدْنَى الْقَوْمِ إِلَيْهِ فَيُقَدِّمُهُ‌[1] فَقَالَ يُتِمُّ صَلَاةَ الْقَوْمِ ثُمَّ يَجْلِسُ حَتَّى إِذَا فَرَغُوا مِنَ التَّشَهُّدِ أَوْمَأَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِيَدِهِ‌[2] عَنِ الْيَمِينِ وَ الشِّمَالِ فَكَانَ الَّذِي أَوْمَأَ إِ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who comes to Masjid when they are in Salah (prayer) and the Imam is one Rak‘at ahead or more. The Imam faces a problem and holds his hand when he is the closest to him and makes him to lead. He (the Imam) said, ‘He completes Salah (prayer) of the people, then sits down u

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع رَجُلٌ دَخَلَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ وَ هُوَ لَا يَنْوِيهَا صَلَاةً فَأَحْدَثَ إِمَامُهُمْ فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ فَقَدَّمَهُ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ أَ يُجْزِئُهُمْ صَلَاتُهُمْ بِصَلَاتِهِ وَ هُوَ لَا يَنْوِيهَا صَلَاةً فَقَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ مَعَ قَوْمٍ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ وَ هُوَ لَا يَنْوِيهَا صَلَاةً بَلْ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَنْوِيَهَا صَلَاةً فَإِنْ كَانَ قَ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a man who comes to a people during their Salah (prayer) and he is not intending it to be Salah (prayer). Their Imam faces invalidation of his Wudu’ and holds the hand of this man and makes him to lead. He performs Salah (prayer) with them. Is his Salah (prayer) sufficient to compl

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَمَّ قَوْماً فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَالَ يُقَدِّمُونَ رَجُلًا آخَرَ وَ يَعْتَدُّونَ بِالرَّكْعَةِ وَ يَطْرَحُونَ الْمَيِّتَ خَلْفَهُمْ وَ يَغْتَسِلُ مَنْ مَسَّهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who leads Salah (prayer) with a people and performs one Rak‘at; then he dies. He (the Imam) said, ‘They make another man to lead and count it as one Rak‘at, leave the dead body behind them and then take Ghusl (bath) for touching a dead body.’”

قَالَ: أَيَّ شَيْ‌ءٍ يَقُولُ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي يَفُوتُهُ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ رَكْعَتَانِ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ يَقْرَأُ فِيهِمَا[2] بِالْحَمْدِ وَ سُورَةٍ فَقَالَ هَذَا يُقَلِّبُ صَلَاتَهُ يَجْعَلُ أَوَّلَهَا آخِرَهَا قُلْتُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ يَقْرَأُ فَاتِحَةَ الْكِتَابِ فِي كُلِّ رَكْعَةٍ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once asked, ‘What do they say about a man who has missed two Rak‘at of the Imam’s Salah (prayer)?’ I replied, ‘They say that he is to recite al-Hamd and Surah (chapter) in them.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He turns his Salah (prayer) backward by making its first the last.’ I then asked, ‘How is he to do i

قُلْتُ أَجِي‌ءُ إِلَى الْإِمَامِ وَ قَدْ سَبَقَنِي بِرَكْعَةٍ فِي الْفَجْرِ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ وَقَعَ فِي قَلْبِي أَنِّي أَتْمَمْتُ فَلَمْ أَزَلْ ذَاكِراً لِلَّهِ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَلَمَّا طَلَعَتْ نَهَضْتُ فَذَكَرْتُ أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ كَانَ سَبَقَنِي بِرَكْعَةٍ فَقَالَ إِنْ كُنْتَ فِي مَقَامِكَ فَأَتِمَّ بِرَكْعَةٍ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ قَدِ انْصَرَفْتَ فَعَلَيْكَ الْإِعَادَةُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I come to the Imam when he is one Rak‘at ahead of me in the morning Salah (prayer). When he says Sal am (the phrase of offering greeting of peace) I, thinking to have completed, remain speaking of Allah until sunrise. At sunrise I stood up and remembered that the Imam was one Rak‘a

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[1] عَنِ الرَّجُلِ صَلَّى مَعَ قَوْمٍ وَ هُوَ يَرَى أَنَّهَا الْأُولَى وَ كَانَتِ الْعَصْرَ قَالَ فَلْيَجْعَلْهَا الْأُولَى وَ لْيُصَلِّ الْعَصْرَ[2]. - وَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ فَإِنْ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُمْ فِي صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ صَلَّى الْأُولَى فَلَا يَدْخُلْ مَعَهُمْ‌

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who performs Salah (prayer) with a people and he thinks it is the first (al-Dhuhr) but it is al-‘Asr. He (the Imam) said, ‘He considers it the first and perform al-‘Asr.’” In another Hadith it is said, ‘If he knows that it is al-‘Asr and has not performed the one before,

سَأَلْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا ص عَنْ إِمَامٍ أَمَّ قَوْماً فَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى وُضُوءٍ فَانْصَرَفَ وَ أَخَذَ بِيَدِ رَجُلٍ وَ أَدْخَلَهُ فَقَدَّمَهُ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمِ الَّذِي قُدِّمَ مَا صَلَّى الْقَوْمُ قَالَ يُصَلِّي بِهِمْ فَإِنْ أَخْطَأَ سَبَّحَ الْقَوْمُ بِهِ وَ بَنَى عَلَى صَلَاةِ الَّذِي كَانَ قَبْلَهُ.

“I once asked one of the two Imam, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of an Imam who leads a people and remembers that his Wudu’ is not valid. He moves away and holds the hand of another man to make him lead and he does not know how much is performed. He (the Imam) said, ‘He performs Salah (prayer) with them and if he m

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الَّذِي يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ قَبْلَ الْإِمَامِ‌[4] أَ يَعُودُ فَيَرْكَعُ إِذَا أَبْطَأَ الْإِمَامُ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ رَأْسَهُ قَالَ لَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about one who raises his head before the Imam. Is he to return to Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees) if the Imam delays, or raise his head?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he must not raise his head.’”