Kinds of Judges

الْقُضَاةُ أَرْبَعَةٌ ثَلَاثَةٌ فِي النَّارِ وَ وَاحِدٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ رَجُلٌ قَضَى بِجَوْرٍ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ وَ رَجُلٌ قَضَى بِجَوْرٍ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ وَ رَجُلٌ قَضَى بِالْحَقِّ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ فَهُوَ فِي النَّارِ وَ رَجُلٌ قَضَى بِالْحَقِّ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ فَهُوَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَ قَالَ ع الْحُكْمُ حُكْمَانِ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ وَ حُكْمُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَمَنْ أَخْطَأَ حُ

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Judges are of four kinds of whom three are in the fire and one is in the garden (paradises). There is a man who issues judgments unjustly and he knows it, so he is in the fire. There is a man who issues judgments unjustly but he does not know, he also is in the fire; and there is a m

الْحُكْمُ حُكْمَانِ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ وَ حُكْمُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ مَنْ أَحْسَنُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حُكْماً لِقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ‌[1] وَ اشْهَدُوا عَلَى زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ لَقَدْ حَكَمَ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ بِحُكْمِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Judgments and laws are of two kinds: the judgment of Allah and the judgment of ignorance. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, “. . . who is a better judge than Allah for a believing people.” (5:59) You all must bear testimony that Zayd ibn Thabit issued a judgment in matters of