هَارُونُ عَنْ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ
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سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ سُئِلَ مَا بَالُ الزَّانِي لَا تُسَمِّيهِ كَافِراً وَ تَارِكُ الصَّلَاةِ قَدْ سَمَّيْتَهُ كَافِراً وَ مَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ الزَّانِيَ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهُ إِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ لِمَكَانِ الشَّهْوَةِ لِأَنَّهَا تَغْلِبُهُ وَ تَارِكُ الصَّلَاةِ لَا يَتْرُكُهَا إِلَّا اسْتِخْفَافاً بِهَا وَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّكَ لَا تَجِدُ الزَّانِيَ يَأْتِي الْمَرْأَةَ إِلَّا وَ هُوَ مُسْتَلِذٌّ لِإِتْيَانِهِ إِيَّاهَا قَاصِداً إِلَيْهَا وَ كُلُّ مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ قَاصِداً إِلَيْهَا فَلَيْسَ يَكُونُ قَصْدُهُ لِتَرْكِهَا اللَّذَّةَ فَإِذَا نُفِيَتِ اللَّذَّةُ وَقَعَ الِاسْتِخْفَافُ وَ إِذَا وَقَعَ الِاسْتِخْفَافُ وَقَعَ الْكُفْرُ قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ قِيلَ لَهُ مَا الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ مَنْ نَظَرَ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ فَزَنَى بِهَا أَوْ خَمْرٍ فَشَرِبَهَا وَ بَيْنَ مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلَاةَ حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ الزَّانِي وَ شَارِبُ الْخَمْرِ مُسْتَخِفّاً كَمَا يَسْتَخِفُّ تَارِكُ الصَّلَاةِ وَ مَا الْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ مَا الْعِلَّةُ الَّتِي تَفْرُقُ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ الْحُجَّةُ أَنَّ كُلَّمَا أَدْخَلْتَ أَنْتَ نَفْسَكَ فِيهِ لَمْ يَدْعُكَ إِلَيْهِ دَاعٍ وَ لَمْ يَغْلِبْكَ غَالِبُ شَهْوَةٍ مِثْلَ الزِّنَى وَ شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ أَنْتَ دَعَوْتَ نَفْسَكَ إِلَى تَرْكِ الصَّلَاةِ وَ لَيْسَ ثَمَّ شَهْوَةٌ فَهُوَ الِاسْتِخْفَافُ بِعَيْنِهِ وَ هَذَا فَرْقُ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا.
Read English translationHide English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn
9. Harun has narrated from Mas’adah ibn Sadaqa who has said the following: “I heard Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) when he was asked, ‘Why is it that a fornicator is not considered an unbeliever as one ignoring the prayer is? What is the reason and evidence?’ The Imam said, ‘A fornicator and so forth commits such act due to lust that influences him, while one ignoring the prayer does so due to his considering it insignificant. You do not find a fornicator contact a female for any other reason besides lust and desire that motivates him. One who ignores the prayer does not do so for pleasure. When you negate lust and pleasure then the motive is considering it insignificant, and when this happens it is disbelief.’ “The narrator has said that Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) was asked, ‘What is the difference between a person’s looking at a female, then fornicating or to wine, then drinking it and one who ignores the prayer? Why is it that in the two aforementioned cases it is not ‘considered insignificant’ as is the case with ignoring prayer? What is the proof and reason that establish a difference?’ The Imam said, ‘Proof is that whenever you place your soul in something without any urging motive like lust and so forth, that are found in fornication and wine. In a case such as prayer in which there is no lust and desire, then it (the motive) is considering it insignificant and that is the difference between this and the other two cases.’”
Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.
Hadith gradings
1- ضعيفAllamah Baqir al-MajlisiMirʾāt al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl (1/117)