رَوَى عَاصِمٌ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ
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قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ سُرِّيَّةً لَهَا وَلَدٌ أَوْ فِي بَطْنِهَا وَلَدٌ أَوْ لَا وَلَدَ لَهَا فَإِنْ كَانَ أَعْتَقَهَا رَبُّهَا عَتَقَتْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُعْتِقْهَا حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ فَقَدْ سَبَقَ فِيهَا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُ قَالَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا تُجْعَلُ فِي نَصِيبِ وَلَدِهَا وَ يُمْسِكُهَا أَوْلِيَاءُ وَلَدِهَا حَتَّى يَكْبَرَ الْوَلَدُ فَيَكُونُ هُوَ الَّذِي يُعْتِقُهَا إِنْ شَاءَ وَ يَكُونُونَ هُمْ يَرِثُونَ وَلَدَهَا مَا دَامَتْ أَمَةً فَإِنْ أَعْتَقَهَا وَلَدُهَا عَتَقَتْ وَ إِنْ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا وَلَدُهَا وَ لَمْ يُعْتِقْهَا فَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَرَقُّوا وَ إِنْ شَاءُوا أَعْتَقُوا وَ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ جَارِيَةً وَ قَدْ وَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ ابْنَةً وَ هِيَ صَغِيرَةٌ غَيْرَ أَنَّهَا تُبِينُ الْكَلَامَ فَأَعْتَقَتْ أُمَّهَا فَتَخَاصَمَ فِيهَا مَوَالِي أَبِ الْجَارِيَةِ فَأَجَازَ عِتْقَهَا لِأُمِّهَا.
Read English translationHide English translationBab Ul Qaim Publications — attributed by Thaqalayn
Hadith.3513 - Asim narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays, who narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), that Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, said: "Any man who leaves behind a concubine (surriyah) who has a child, or is pregnant with a child, or has no child, then if her master had freed her, she is free. But if he did not free her before his death, then the Book of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, has already decided her case, and the Book of Allah (swt) is more deserving to be followed." Imam (as) continued: "If she has a child and the man leaves wealth, then she is to be placed under the share of her child, and the guardians of the child shall keep her until the child grows up. At that point, the child has the right to free her if they wish. Meanwhile, the guardians inherit the child's wealth as long as she remains a slave. If her child frees her, she becomes free. However, if her child dies without freeing her, the guardians have the option to either keep her as a slave or free her." "Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, also ruled concerning a man who left behind a bondwoman who had borne him a daughter. The daughter was still young but capable of speaking. The daughter then freed her mother. The guardians of the father's estate disputed this matter, but Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, upheld the daughter's act of freeing her mother."
Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.
الهوامش · 3⌄
[1]لان كتاب اللّه نزل بالميراث فهي تصير مملوكة للابن بالميراث ثمّ تعتق، و أما أن جميعها يجعل في نصيبه فقد ظهر من السنة.( المرآة).ص 140
[2]في الاستبصار ج 4 ص 13« فيكون المولود هو الذي- الخ» و كذا في التهذيب.ص 140
[3]يمكن أن يكون الاجازة لأنّها قد صارت حرة بمجرد الملك بدون اعتاقها لا للعتق لانه لا اعتداد بفعلها.( المرآة).ص 140