أَمَةٌ تُبَاعُ وَ تُورَثُ وَ تُوهَبُ وَ حَدُّهَا حَدُّ الْأَمَةِ[2].
I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), about Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bears a child for her master). Imam (as) said: "She is a slave. She can be sold, inherited, and gifted, and her legal ruling is the same as that of a slave."
لَا خِيَارَ لَهَا عَلَى الْعَبْدِ هِيَ مَمْلُوكَةٌ لِلْوَرَثَةِ[3].
Hadith.3508 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Wahb ibn Abd Rabbih, from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who married his Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bore him a child) to his slave, and then the master died. Imam (as) said: "She has no choice regarding the slave. She remains a slave belonging to the heirs."
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ وَ لَهُ مِنْهَا وَلَدٌ أَ يَصْلُحُ لِلرَّجُلِ[4] أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا فَقَالَ أُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع- أَوْصَى فِي أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ اللَّاتِي كَانَ يَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِنَّ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُنَ[1] لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَهِيَ مِنْ نَصِيبِ وَلَدِهَا وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ وَ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُنَّ لَهَا وَلَدٌ مِنْ ن
Hadith.3509 - In a narration from Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, from Al-Bazanti, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, he said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who dies and leaves behind an Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bore him a child) and has a child from her. Can another man marry her?
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَوْ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ لَا تُجْبَرُ الْحُرَّةُ عَلَى رَضَاعِ الْوَلَدِ وَ تُجْبَرُ أُمُّ الْوَلَدِ.
I asked Abu Abdullah (as), or I heard him say: "A free woman is not compelled to breastfeed the child, but an Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bore her master a child) is compelled."
كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ وَ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ مَمْلُوكَةٌ اشْتَرَاهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهَا ثُمَّ وَرَّثَهَا[4].
لَهُ أَسْأَلُكَ قَالَ سَلْ قُلْتُ لِمَ بَاعَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ فَقَالَ فِي فَكَاكِ رِقَابِهِنَّ قُلْتُ وَ كَيْفَ ذَاكَ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً فَأَوْلَدَهَا ثُمَّ لَمْ يُؤَدِّ ثَمَنَهَا وَ لَمْ يَدَعْ مِنَ الْمَالِ مَا يُؤَدَّى عَنْهُ أُخِذَ وَلَدُهَا مِنْهَا وَ بِيعَتْ[6] وَ أُدِّيَ ثَمَنُهَا قُلْتُ فَتُبَاعُ فِيمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ قَالَ لَا.
I said to him: "May I ask you a question?" Imam (as) replied: "Ask." I asked: "Why did Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, sell the mothers of children (Umm al-Walad)?" Imam (as) said: "To free them from slavery." I asked: "How was that?" Imam (as) said: "If a man purchased a bondwoman and she bore him a chil
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ سُرِّيَّةً لَهَا وَلَدٌ أَوْ فِي بَطْنِهَا وَلَدٌ أَوْ لَا وَلَدَ لَهَا فَإِنْ كَانَ أَعْتَقَهَا رَبُّهَا عَتَقَتْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُعْتِقْهَا حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ فَقَدْ سَبَقَ فِيهَا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُ[1] قَالَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا تُجْعَلُ فِي نَصِيبِ وَلَدِهَا وَ يُمْسِكُهَا أَوْلِيَاءُ وَلَدِهَا حَتَّى ي
Hadith.3513 - Asim narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays, who narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), that Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, said: "Any man who leaves behind a concubine (surriyah) who has a child, or is pregnant with a child, or has no child, then if her master had freed her
هُمْ أَحْرَارٌ كُلُّهُمْ فَقَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِقَوْلِي لِلْعَاشِرِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ شَيْءٌ[5] فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ فِيهِمْ جَارِيَةً قَدْ وَقَعْتُ عَلَيْهَا وَ بِهَا حَمْلٌ قَالَ لَا أَ لَيْسَ وَلَدُهَا بِالَّذِي يُعْتِقُهَا إِذَا هَلَكَ سَيِّدُهَا صَارَتْ مِنْ نَصِيبِ وَلَدِهَا[6].
Hadith.3514 - Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id narrated from Safwan ibn Yahya, who narrated from al-Walid ibn Hisham: "I came from Egypt with some slaves, and when I passed by the tax collector (al-'Ashir), he asked me about them. I said: 'They are all free.' When I arrived in Medina, I went to Abu al-Hasan (as), and informed him a