الكافي- ط الاسلامية, volume 4, page 78

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If they can see the crescent before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime), then it is of the last night but if they see it after Zawal, then it is of the coming night.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

11. Ahmad ibn Idris Muhammad ibn Ahmad from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from Muhammad ibn Murazim from his father who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if the crescent forms a crown around it, then it is two nights old and if you can see the shadow of your head it is three nights old.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

12. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from ‘Isma‘il ibn al-Hurr who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the crescent disappears before al-Shafaq (redness) it is of the first night, but if disappears after al-Shafaq it is of the second night.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Salih ibn abu Hammad from ibn Sinan from Hudhayfah ibn Mansur who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The month of Ramadan is thirty days and it never is less.”’ (Fatwa best explains this Hadith, however according to science, a lunar (synodic) month is 29 days, 12 hours, and approximately 44 minutes) It is narrated from him (narrator of previous Hadith) from al-Hassan ibn al-Husayn from ibn Sinan from Hudhayfah a similar Hadith.

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il from certain persons of his people who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Allah, most Blessed, most High, created the world in six days, then He took away this from the days of the year which became three hundred fifty four days. The month of al-Sha‘ban is never complete and the month of Ramadan, by Allah is never less. A duty (obligation) is never left incomplete. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, “You must complete the term.” (2:181) Shawwal is twenty-nine days, Dhu al-Qa’dah is thirty days because of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, “We made an appointment with Musa (Moses) for thirty days and We completed it with ten more days so the appointment with his Lord lasted for forty days.” (7:142) Dhu al-Hajjah has twenty-nine days and Muharram has thirty days, then the other months thereafter, one is complete and the next incomplete.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.