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الکافی- ط الاسلامیة

الكافي- ط الاسلامية

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بَابُ الْمَكَاسِبِ الْحَرَامِ‌

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ

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قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ إِنَّ أَخْوَفَ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَى أُمَّتِي مِنْ بَعْدِي هَذِهِ الْمَكَاسِبُ الْحَرَامُ وَ الشَّهْوَةُ الْخَفِيَّةِ وَ الرِّبَا.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from his father from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘What I fear most for my followers after me are these unlawful earnings, concealed desire and unlawful interest.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 2

[1]حمل على الكراهة أو على عدم دلالة القرائن على الاذن.( آت) و الاملاك بكسر الهمزة:ص 124

[2]الشهوة الخفية حبّ اطلاع الناس على العمل أو الشهوات الكامنة التي يحسب الإنسان خلو النفس عنها و يظهر أثرها بعد حين.ص 124

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ عَنْ عِيسَى الْفَرَّاءِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا يَجُزْنَ‌ فِي أَرْبَعٍ الْخِيَانَةُ وَ الْغُلُولُ وَ السَّرِقَةُ وَ الرِّبَا لَا يَجُزْنَ‌ فِي حَجٍّ وَ لَا عُمْرَةٍ وَ لَا جِهَادٍ وَ لَا صَدَقَةٍ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Salih ibn al-Sindiy from Ja’far ibn Bashir from ‘Isa al-Farra’ from Aban ibn ‘Uthman who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Four things are not lawful in four issues: treachery, excessiveness, theft and unlawful interest are not lawful in al-Hajj, al-‘Umrah, Jihad and charity.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 2

[3]لعل التخصيص بالاربع لبيان أنّه يصير سببا لحبط أجرها فانه لا يجوز التصرف فيها بوجه.( آت)ص 124

[4]أي لا يصرفن و في بعض النسخ في الموضعين‌[ لا يجوز].ص 124

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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إِذَا اكْتَسَبَ الرَّجُلُ مَالًا مِنْ غَيْرِ حِلِّهِ ثُمَّ حَجَّ فَلَبَّى نُودِيَ لَا لَبَّيْكَ وَ لَا سَعْدَيْكَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مِنْ حِلِّهِ فَلَبَّى نُودِيَ لَبَّيْكَ وَ سَعْدَيْكَ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

3. A number of our people have narrated from has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from those whom he has mentioned who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a person earns in unlawful ways, then uses such income for the expenses of al-Hajj and says al-Talbiyah (here I am O Lord, to obey Your command) it is called about him, “You are not welcome and there is no salvation for you.” If it (earning) is through lawful ways upon his saying Talbiyah it is called about him, “You are welcome and there is salvation for you.’””

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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أَحْمَدُ عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ قَالَ:

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كَسْبُ الْحَرَامِ يَبِينُ فِي الذُّرِّيَّةِ.[1]

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

4. Ahmad has narrated from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The effects of unlawful earning shows up in one’s offspring.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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أَتَى رَجُلٌ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص فَقَالَ إِنِّي كَسَبْتُ مَالًا أَغْمَضْتُ فِي مَطَالِبِهِ حَلَالًا وَ حَرَاماً وَ قَدْ أَرَدْتُ التَّوْبَةَ وَ لَا أَدْرِي الْحَلَالَ مِنْهُ وَ الْحَرَامَ وَ قَدِ اخْتَلَطَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع تَصَدَّقْ بِخُمُسِ مَالِكَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ اسْمُهُ رَضِيَ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ بِالْخُمُسِ وَ سَائِرُ الْأَمْوَالِ لَكَ حَلَالٌ‌.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man came to ’Amir al-Mu’minin saying, ‘In my earnings I have been neglectful about lawful and unlawful matters, and I want to repent, but I do not know which item in my possession is lawful and which is not.’ ‘Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), said, ‘Give one-fifth of your assets in charity. Allah, most Glorious is whose name, accepts one-fifth of things. The rest of your assets are lawful for you.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[2]خصصه الاصحاب بما إذا جهل قدر الحرام و مالكه فلو عرفها تعين الدفع إلى المالك بأجمعه و لو علم المالك و لم يعلم المقدار صالحه و لو علم القدر خاصّة وجب الصدقة به و إن زاد عن الخمس، و اختلفوا في أنّه خمس أو صدقة و الأخير أشهر.( آت)ص 125

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاسَانِيِّ عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَمَّاهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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تَشَوَّفَتِ الدُّنْيَا لِقَوْمٍ حَلَالًا مَحْضاً فَلَمْ يُرِيدُوهَا فَدَرَجُوا- ثُمَّ تَشَوَّفَتْ لِقَوْمٍ حَلَالًا وَ شُبْهَةً فَقَالُوا لَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِي الشُّبْهَةِ وَ تَوَسَّعُوا مِنَ الْحَلَالِ ثُمَّ تَشَوَّفَتْ لِقَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ حَرَاماً وَ شُبْهَةً فَقَالُوا لَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِي الْحَرَامِ وَ تَوَسَّعُوا فِي الشُّبْهَةِ ثُمَّ تَشَوَّفَتْ لِقَوْمٍ حَرَاماً مَحْضاً فَيَطْلُبُونَهَا فَلَا يَجِدُونَهَا وَ الْمُؤْمِنُ فِي الدُّنْيَا يَأْكُلُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُضْطَرِّ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ali ibn Muhammad al-Qasaniy from a man whom he has mentioned from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Qasim al-Ja’fariy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The world tried to attract a people with purely lawful matters but they passed (without paying any attention) away. Then it tried to attract another people with lawful and doubtful matters and they said, “We do not need any doubtful matters.” However, they expanded the lawful matters. It then tried to attract another people with unlawful and doubtful matters. They said, “We do not need unlawful matters.” However, they expanded the doubtful matters. It then tried to attract another people with unlawful matters only, and they seek to achieve it but they cannot find. The believing people in this world eat like one living through emergencies.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[3]تشوفت الجارية: تزينت. و تشوفت إلى الشي‌ء: تطلعت. و درج الرجل: مشى و درج أى مضى لسبيله، يقال: درج القوم إذا انقرضوا.( الصحاح)ص 125

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَمَّنْ ذَكَرَهُ عَنْ دَاوُدَ الصَّرْمِيِّ قَالَ

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قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع‌ يَا دَاوُدُ إِنَّ الْحَرَامَ لَا يَنْمِي وَ إِنْ نَمَى لَا يُبَارَكُ لَهُ فِيهِ وَ مَا أَنْفَقَهُ لَمْ يُؤْجَرْ عَلَيْهِ وَ مَا خَلَّفَهُ كَانَ زَادَهُ إِلَى النَّارِ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Dawud al-Sarmiy who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), once said to me, £ 0 Dawud, unlawful earnings do not grow. Even if anything grows, it does not have any blessings for him: what he spends does not bring any reward for him and what he leaves behind becomes his supplies to the fire/”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ

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كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع‌ رَجُلٌ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ ضَيْعَةً أَوْ خَادِماً بِمَالٍ أَخَذَهُ مِنْ قَطْعِ الطَّرِيقِ أَوْ مِنْ سَرِقَةٍ هَلْ يَحِلُّ لَهُ مَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ثَمَرَةِ هَذِهِ الضَّيْعَةِ أَوْ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَطَأَ هَذَا الْفَرْجَ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ مِنَ السَّرِقَةِ أَوْ مِنْ قَطْعِ الطَّرِيقِ فَوَقَّعَ ع لَا خَيْرَ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ أَصْلُهُ حَرَامٌ وَ لَا يَحِلُّ اسْتِعْمَالُهُ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has said the following: “Once Muhammad ibn al-Hassan wrote to abu Muhammad (a.s.), and asked about the case of a man who buys goods or a slave-girl in exchange for a certain amount of assets from one who plunders people on the road or from a thief; if it is lawful for him to use the benefits, or fruits thereof or marry the slave-girl which he has bought from a thief or road plunderer. He (the Imam) signed the answer that said, ’Nothing is good in whatever originates from an unlawful source; and using such matters is not lawful.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ سَمَاعَةَ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ مَالًا مِنْ عَمَلِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَ هُوَ يَتَصَدَّقُ مِنْهُ وَ يَصِلُ مِنْهُ قَرَابَتَهُ وَ يَحُجُّ لِيُغْفَرَ لَهُ مَا اكْتَسَبَ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ- إِنَّ الْحَسَناتِ يُذْهِبْنَ السَّيِّئاتِ‌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ الْخَطِيئَةَ لَا تُكَفِّرُ الْخَطِيئَةَ وَ لَكِنَّ الْحَسَنَةَ تَحُطُّ الْخَطِيئَةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ خَلَطَ الْحَلَالَ بِالْحَرَامِ فَاخْتَلَطَا جَمِيعاً فَلَا يَعْرِفُ الْحَلَالَ مِنَ الْحَرَامِ فَلَا بَأْسَ‌.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who had found a certain amount of property from banu ’Umayyah. He gives charity thereof, helps his relatives, performs al-Hajj therewith, so that Allah may forgive what he has earned and says, ’Good deeds remove bad deeds.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ’Sins do not expiate sins. Only good deeds remove sins.’ He (the Imam) then said, ’If he has mixed lawful with unlawful and is not able to distinguish, then it is not harmful.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]لعله محمول على ما إذا لم يعلم قدر المال و لا المالك و يكون ما يصرف في وجوه الخير بقدر الخمس و لعلّ فيه دلالة على عدم وجوب اخراج هذا الخمس الى بنى هاشم.ص 126

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ قَدِمْنا إِلى‌ ما عَمِلُوا مِنْ عَمَلٍ فَجَعَلْناهُ هَباءً مَنْثُوراً فَقَالَ

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إِنْ كَانَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ لَأَشَدَّ بَيَاضاً مِنَ الْقَبَاطِيِّ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهَا كُونِي هَبَاءً وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا شُرِعَ لَهُمُ الْحَرَامُ أَخَذُوهُ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

10. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Salih ibn abu Hammad from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from certain persons of his people who has said the following: “About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘We arrived upon what they had done and turned it into scattered dust’, (25:25) abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’Even if their deeds are whiter than Coptic fabrics Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, “Become dust.” It is because when they come upon unlawful matters they take it.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 2

[2]الفرقان: 25.ص 126

[3]القبطية: ثياب رقاق شديد البياض من كتان يعمل بمصر. و شرع الباب: فتحه.ص 126