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الکافی- ط الاسلامیة

الكافي- ط الاسلامية

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بَابُ ضَمَانِ الْعَارِيَّةِ وَ الْوَدِيعَةِ

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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صَاحِبُ الْوَدِيعَةِ وَ الْبِضَاعَةِ مُؤْتَمَنَانِ وَ قَالَ إِذَا هَلَكَتِ الْعَارِيَّةُ عِنْدَ الْمُسْتَعِيرِ لَمْ يَضْمَنْهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدِ اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ إِذَا كَانَ مُسْلِماً عَدْلًا فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ ضَمَانٌ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “About the case of a man who claims that Wadi‘ah (safe deposit) were entrusted assets, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a borrowed item is destroyed with the borrower he is not held liable unless it is stipulated.”’ In another Hadith it is said that if the borrower is a just Muslim he is not held liable.

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ

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قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ لَا يَضْمَنُ الْعَارِيَّةَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدِ اشْتَرَطَ فِيهَا ضَمَاناً إِلَّا الدَّنَانِيرَ فَإِنَّهَا مَضْمُونَةٌ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَشْتَرِطْ فِيهَا ضَمَاناً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘ Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from ‘ Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A borrower is not held liable for the item borrowed unless it is stipulated, except dinar which brings liability even if there is no stipulation.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ:

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قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْعَارِيَّةُ مَضْمُونَةٌ فَقَالَ جَمِيعُ مَا اسْتَعَرْتَهُ فَتَوِيَ فَلَا يَلْزَمُكَ [مَا] تَوَاهُ إِلَّا الذَّهَبُ وَ الْفِضَّةُ فَإِنَّهُمَا يَلْزَمَانِ إِلَّا أَنْ يُشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ مَتَى مَا تَوِيَ لَمْ يَلْزَمْكَ تَوَاهُ وَ كَذَلِكَ جَمِيعُ مَا اسْتَعَرْتَ فَاشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْكَ لَزِمَكَ وَ الذَّهَبُ وَ الْفِضَّةُ لَازِمٌ لَكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُشْتَرَطْ عَلَيْكَ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil from Zurarah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the borrowed item; if the borrower was held liable for it. He (the Imam) said, ‘If whatever you borrow is destroyed, you are not held liable except gold and silver; which bring liability unless it is stipulated that even on being destroyed you are not held liable. You are held liable for all that you borrow and it is stipulated that you are liable. Gold and silver bring liability, even if no stipulation is set.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبَانٍ [عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ] عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْعَارِيَّةِ يَسْتَعِيرُهَا الْإِنْسَانُ فَتَهْلِكُ أَوْ تُسْرَقُ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ أَمِيناً فَلَا غُرْمَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الَّذِي يَسْتَبْضِعُ الْمَالَ‌ فَيَهْلِكُ أَوْ يُسْرَقُ أَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ ضَمَانٌ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ غُرْمٌ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الرَّجُلُ أَمِيناً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

4. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban (from Muhammad) who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a borrowed item; if it was destroyed or was stolen. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the borrower is trustworthy he is not held liable.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man who gave certain amount of assets to another person to use in business in which the worker had no share in the profit and the asset was destroyed or stolen; if this person was held responsible. He (the Imam) said, ‘The man is not responsible for the loss after being found trustworthy.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]الابضاع هو أن يدفع الإنسان الى غيره ما لا ليبتاع به متاعا و لا حصة له في ربحه بخلاف المضاربة.( مجمع البحرين) و قال المجلسيّ: قوله:« إذا كان أمينا» يمكن أن يكون المراد بالامين من لم يفرّط في حفظها او المعنى انه لما كان أمينا غرم عليه و بالجملة لو لا الإجماع لكان القول بالتفصيل قويا.ص 239

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْعَارِيَّةِ فَقَالَ لَا غُرْمَ عَلَى مُسْتَعِيرِ عَارِيَّةٍ إِذَا هَلَكَتْ إِذَا كَانَ مَأْمُوناً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mughirah from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a borrowed item. He (the Imam) said, ‘The borrower has no liability if the item is destroyed if he is trustworthy.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع

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فِي رَجُلٍ اسْتَعَارَ ثَوْباً ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إِلَيْهِ فَرَهَنَهُ فَجَاءَ أَهْلُ الْمَتَاعِ إِلَى مَتَاعِهِمْ قَالَ يَأْخُذُونَ مَتَاعَهُمْ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

6. Al-Husayn from Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla’ ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from the one who narrated to him who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who borrowed clothes, then left it as al-Rahn (security deposit) with someone; then the owner came to take it. He (the Imam) said, ‘They can take their asset.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ وَدِيعَةِ الذَّهَبِ وَ الْفِضَّةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ كُلُّمَا كَانَ مِنْ وَدِيعَةٍ وَ لَمْ تَكُنْ مَضْمُونَةً لَا تَلْزَمُ‌.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the Wadi‘ah (safe deposit) of gold and silver. He (the Imam) said, ‘Whatever of Wadi ‘ah (safe deposit) for which liability is not stipulated does not make one liable.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[2]قوله:« لم يكن مضمونة» أي لم يشترط الضمان او لم يتعد و لم يفرط فلا يلزم الغرامة لكن تأثير الاشتراط هنا في الضمان خلاف المشهور و ربما يحمل على أنّه بيان للواقع و لا يخفى بعده و يمكن حمل الوديعة على العارية و الذهب و الفضة على غير الدراهم و الدنانير فيكون مؤيدا للتخصيص و هو أيضا بعيد.( آت)ص 239

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَوْدَعَ رَجُلًا أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ فَضَاعَتْ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ كَانَتْ عِنْدِي وَدِيعَةً وَ قَالَ الْآخَرُ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ عَلَيْكَ قَرْضاً قَالَ الْمَالُ لَازِمٌ لَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقِيمَ الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ وَدِيعَةً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

8. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who borrowed one thousand dirham and it was lost and he said that it was Wadi ‘ah (safe deposit) with him and the other said that it was a debt on him. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is responsible for it unless he presents proof that it was Wadi ‘ah (safe deposit).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ:

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كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع رَجُلٌ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَدِيعَةً فَوَضَعَهَا فِي مَنْزِلِ جَارِهِ فَضَاعَتْ فَهَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا خَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ وَ أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ مِلْكِهِ فَوَقَّعَ ع هُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn who has said the following: “I wrote to abu Muhammad (a.s.), and asked, ‘A man leaves Wadi‘ah (safe deposit) with another man who keeps it in the house of his neighbor and it is lost; if he is held liable for it after taking it out of his property against the instruction of the owner. He (the Imam) signed the answer that said, ‘He is responsible for it, by the will of Allah.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجْرَانَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ

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سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِلَى صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ فَاسْتَعَارَ مِنْهُ سَبْعِينَ دِرْعاً بِأَطْرَاقِهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ أَ غَصْباً يَا مُحَمَّدُ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص بَلْ عَارِيَّةٌ مَضْمُونَةٌ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

10. Ali has narrated from his father from ibn abu Najran from ‘ Asim ibn Humayd from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, sent a message to Safwan ibn ‘Umayyah asking him to borrow seventy pieces of coats of arms with their helmets. He asked, ‘Is it forcibly, O Muhammad?’ The Holy Prophet replied, ‘It is borrowing with guarantee to return.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]في نسخ الكتاب و أكثر نسخ التهذيب« باطرافها» بالفاء و لعله أنسب و في القاموس الطراق- ككتاب-: الحديد يعرض ثمّ يدار فيجعل بيضة و نحوها.ص 240