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الکافی- ط الاسلامیة

الكافي- ط الاسلامية

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بَابُ طَلَاقِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ وَ عِدَّتِهِمْ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَ الْمَوْتِ إِذَا أَسْلَمَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ نَصْرَانِيٍّ فَطَلَّقَهَا هَلْ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ مِثْلُ عِدَّةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ فَقَالَ لَا لِأَنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ مَمَالِيكُ لِلْإِمَامِ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُمْ يُؤَدُّونَهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ كَمَا يُؤَدِّي الْعَبْدُ الضَّرِيبَةَ إِلَى مَوْلَاهُ قَالَ وَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ تُطْرَحُ عَنْهُ‌ الْجِزْيَةُ قُلْتُ فَمَا عِدَّتُهَا إِنْ أَرَادَ الْمُسْلِمُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا قَالَ عِدَّتُهَا عِدَّةُ الْأَمَةِ حَيْضَتَانِ أَوْ خَمْسَةٌ وَ أَرْبَعُونَ يَوْماً قَبْلَ أَنْ تُسْلِمَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ بَعْدَ مَا طَلَّقَهَا فَقَالَ إِذَا أَسْلَمَتْ بَعْدَ مَا طَلَّقَهَا فَإِنَّ عِدَّتَهَا عِدَّةُ الْمُسْلِمَةِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ مَاتَ عَنْهَا وَ هِيَ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ هُوَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ فَأَرَادَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا قَالَ لَا يَتَزَوَّجُهَا الْمُسْلِمُ حَتَّى تَعْتَدَّ مِنَ النَّصْرَانِيِّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً عِدَّةَ الْمُسْلِمَةِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا قُلْتُ لَهُ كَيْفَ جُعِلَتْ عِدَّتُهَا إِذَا طُلِّقَتْ عِدَّةَ الْأَمَةِ وَ جُعِلَتْ عِدَّتُهَا إِذَا مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا عِدَّةَ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ وَ أَنْتَ تَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُمْ مَمَالِيكُ الْإِمَامِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عِدَّتُهَا فِي الطَّلَاقِ مِثْلَ عِدَّتِهَا إِذَا تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ الْأَمَةَ وَ الْحُرَّةَ كِلْتَيْهِمَا إِذَا مَاتَ عَنْهُمَا زَوْجُهُمَا سَوَاءٌ فِي الْعِدَّةِ إِلَّا أَنَّ الْحُرَّةَ تُحِدُّ وَ الْأَمَةَ لَا تُحِدُّ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Ra’ib, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Zurara, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a Christian woman who was under (married to) a Christian. So he divorced her. Is there a waiting period upon her similar to what is upon the Muslim woman?’ So he asws said: ‘No, because the People of the Book are in the domain of the Imam asws . Do you not see that they are paying the taxation to him asws just as the slave pays whatever he earns to his master?’ He asws said: ‘And the one who becomes a Muslim from them, so he is free. The taxation would be dropped from him. I said, ‘So what is her waiting period if the Muslim man intends to marry her?’ He asws said: ‘Her waiting period is a waiting period of the slave woman, two menstruations, or forty-five days, before she became a Muslim’. I said to him asws , ‘Supposing she becomes a Muslim after her divorce?’ He asws said: ‘If she becomes a Muslim after her divorce, so her waiting period is a waiting period of the Muslim woman’. I said, ‘Supposing he dies from her, and she is a Christian and he is a Christian, so a man from the Muslims intends to marry her?’ He asws said: ‘The Muslim man cannot marry her until she observes the waiting period from the Christian, of four months and ten (days), being a waiting period of the Muslim woman widowed from her husband’. I said to him asws , ‘How did it become, when she is divorced her waiting period is that of the slave girl, and her waiting period became, when her husband dies from her, a waiting period of the free Muslim woman, and you asws mentioned that they are in the domain of the Imam asws ?’ So he asws said: ‘Her waiting period regarding the divorce is not like her waiting period when he husband dies from her’. Then he asws said: ‘The slave girls, and the free women, both of them are equal, when their husbands die from them, with regards to the waiting period, except that the free woman would limit herself (in mourning), and the slave girl would not limit herself (in mourning)’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 2

[1]لا يخفى أن المشهور بين الاصحاب مساواة عدة الذمية مع الحرة المسلمة في الطلاق و الوفاة و اما في الطلاق فصدر الحديث يدلّ على خلافه و اما في الوفاة استدلوا بآخر الحديث و هذا لا يستقيم الا بارجاع الضميرين في كلام الامام إلى الأمة و بثبوت عدة الأمة في الوفاة مطلقا أربعة أشهر و عشر و الظاهر ان الضميرين راجعان إلى الذمية كالضمائر قبلهما و يؤيده اعتراض زرارة على الامام فأجاب الامام بان عدة الذمية في الوفاة ليس مثل عدتها في الطلاق لأنّها في الطلاق مثل الأمة في الوفاة مثل الحرة المسلمة و هذا يدلّ أيضا على أن عدة الأمة في الوفاة نصف المسلمة الحرة.( كذا في هامش الوافي)ص 175

[2]قال في المسالك: المشهور أن عدة الذمية الحرة في الطلاق و الوفاة كعدة المسلمة الحرة لعموم الأدلة و صحيحة يعقوب السراج و لكن ورد في رواية زرارة ما يدلّ على أنّها كالامة و نقل العلامة عن بعض الاصحاب و لم يعلم قائله انتهى. و قال العلّامة المجلسيّ: لا يخفى عدم المنافاة بين الخبرين فتعين العمل بخبر زرارة.ص 175

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ:

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عِدَّةُ الْعِلْجَةِ إِذَا أَسْلَمَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ إِذَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ غَيْرَهُ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ismail Bin Marrar, from Yunus, ‘He asws said: ‘A waiting period of the الْعِلْجَةِ when she becomes a Muslim, is a waiting period of the divorced woman, when she intends to marry someone else’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[3]أي الذمية.ص 175

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ السَّرَّاجِ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ مَاتَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هُوَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ مَا عِدَّتُهَا قَالَ عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْرٌ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Yaqoub Al Sarraj who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a Christian woman whose husband died from her, and he was a Christian, what is her waiting period?’ He asws said: ‘A waiting period of the free Muslim woman, four months and ten (days)’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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وَ بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ حُمْرَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ فِي أُمِّ وَلَدٍ لِنَصْرَانِيٍّ أَسْلَمَتْ أَ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا الْمُسْلِمُ قَالَ

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نَعَمْ وَ عِدَّتُهَا مِنَ النَّصْرَانِيِّ إِذَا أَسْلَمَتْ عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةُ قُرُوءٍ فَإِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا فَلْيَتَزَوَّجْهَا إِنْ شَاءَتْ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

And by his chain, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ali Bin Raib, from Humran, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws regarding a mother of a child of a Christian man, became a Muslim, can the Muslim man marry her?’ He asws said: ‘Yes, and her waiting period from the Christian man when she became a Muslim, is a waiting period of the free divorced woman, being of three months, or three Quroos (pure periods). So when she fulfils her waiting period, so let him marry her, if he so desires to’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.