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الکافی- ط الاسلامیة

الكافي- ط الاسلامية

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بَابُ عِلَّةِ كَيْفَ صَارَ لِلذَّكَرِ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُنْثَى سَهْمٌ‌

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مَرَّارٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ‌ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع قَالَ:

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قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَيْفَ صَارَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَ وُلْدُهُ مِنَ الْقَرَابَةِ سَوَاءٌ تَرِثُ النِّسَاءُ نِصْفَ مِيرَاثِ الرِّجَالِ وَ هُنَّ أَضْعَفُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ أَقَلُّ حِيلَةً فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَضَّلَ الرِّجَالَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِدَرَجَةٍ وَ لِأَنَّ النِّسَاءَ يَرْجِعْنَ عِيَالًا عَلَى الرِّجَالِ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ’Isma‘il ibn Marrar from Yunus ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman who has narrated the following: “I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, why is it that when a man dies his sons’ shares of the legacy are twice as much as the share of his daughters even though females are less capable and weaker?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is because Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has preferred men over women and because women become dependents of men.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّخَعِيِّ قَالَ

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سَأَلَ الْفَهْفَكِيُّ أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ ع‌ مَا بَالُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمِسْكِينَةِ الضَّعِيفَةِ تَأْخُذُ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ يَأْخُذُ الرَّجُلُ سَهْمَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ ع إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا جِهَادٌ وَ لَا نَفَقَةٌ وَ لَا عَلَيْهَا مَعْقُلَةٌ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ فَقُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي قَدْ كَانَ قِيلَ لِي إِنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَأَجَابَهُ بِهَذَا الْجَوَابِ فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ ع عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُ مَسْأَلَةُ ابْنِ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ وَ الْجَوَابُ مِنَّا وَاحِدٌ إِذَا كَانَ مَعْنَى الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَاحِداً جَرَى لآِخِرِنَا مَا جَرَى لِأَوَّلِنَا وَ أَوَّلُنَا وَ آخِرُنَا فِي الْعِلْمِ سَوَاءٌ وَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَضْلُهُمَا.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

2. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from Ishaq ibn Muhammad al-Nakha’iy who has narrated the following: “Once, al-Fahfakiy asked abu Muhammad (a.s.), ‘Why is it that the destitute and weak woman’s share of the legacy is half as much as the share of man?’ Abu Muhammad (a.s.), said, ‘It is because there is no Jihad on women; maintenance expenses and wergild to be paid by the relatives of the murderer, it is on men.’ I then said to myself that I was told about ibn abu al-‘Awja’s question to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about this issue and he had answered with this answer. Abu Muhammad (a.s.), turned to me and said, ‘Yes, this is the question of ibn abu al-‘Awja’ and the answer from us is one if the meaning of the question is the same. What applies to the last of us applies to the first of us. Our first and last in knowledge are the same, however, the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and Amir al-Mu’minin have their excellence.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]المعقلة- بضم القاف-: الدية. أى لا تصير عاقلة في دية الخطأ.ص 85

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنِ الْأَحْوَلِ قَالَ:

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قَالَ لِي ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ مَا بَالُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمِسْكِينَةِ الضَّعِيفَةِ تَأْخُذُ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ يَأْخُذُ الرَّجُلُ سَهْمَيْنِ قَالَ فَذَكَرَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا جِهَادٌ وَ لَا نَفَقَةٌ وَ لَا مَعْقُلَةٌ وَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ وَ لِذَلِكَ جَعَلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ لِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمَيْنِ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from Hisham from al-Ahwal who has narrated the following: “Once ibn abu al-‘Awaja’ asked me, ‘Why is it that the destitute and weak woman’s share of the legacy is half as much as the share of man?’ He (the narrator) has said that certain persons of our people mentioned to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who said, ‘It is because there is no Jihad on women and maintenance expenses and wergild to be paid by the relatives of the murderer; which is on men.

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.