إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ الْمَوَارِيثُ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ عَلَى خِلْقَةِ الْإِنْسَانِ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِحِكْمَتِهِ خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَجْزَاءٍ فَوَضَعَ الْمَوَارِيثَ عَلَى سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسانَ مِنْ سُلالَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلْناهُ نُطْفَةً فِي قَرارٍ مَكِينٍ فَفِي النُّطْفَةِ دِيَةٌ- ثُمَّ خَلَقْنَا النُّطْفَةَ عَلَقَةً فَفِي
قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَيْفَ صَارَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَ وُلْدُهُ مِنَ الْقَرَابَةِ سَوَاءٌ تَرِثُ النِّسَاءُ نِصْفَ مِيرَاثِ الرِّجَالِ وَ هُنَّ أَضْعَفُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ أَقَلُّ حِيلَةً فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَضَّلَ الرِّجَالَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ بِدَرَجَةٍ وَ لِأَنَّ النِّسَاءَ يَرْجِعْنَ عِيَالًا عَلَى الرِّجَالِ.
“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, why is it that when a man dies his sons’ shares of the legacy are twice as much as the share of his daughters even though females are less capable and weaker?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is because Allah, most Majestic, most Gloriou
سَأَلَ الْفَهْفَكِيُّ أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ ع مَا بَالُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمِسْكِينَةِ الضَّعِيفَةِ تَأْخُذُ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ يَأْخُذُ الرَّجُلُ سَهْمَيْنِ فَقَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ ع إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا جِهَادٌ وَ لَا نَفَقَةٌ وَ لَا عَلَيْهَا مَعْقُلَةٌ[1] إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ فَقُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي قَدْ كَانَ قِيلَ لِي إِنَّ ابْنَ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ هَذِهِ الْمَس
“Once, al-Fahfakiy asked abu Muhammad (a.s.), ‘Why is it that the destitute and weak woman’s share of the legacy is half as much as the share of man?’ Abu Muhammad (a.s.), said, ‘It is because there is no Jihad on women; maintenance expenses and wergild to be paid by the relatives of the murderer, it is on men.’ I then
قَالَ لِي ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ مَا بَالُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمِسْكِينَةِ الضَّعِيفَةِ تَأْخُذُ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ يَأْخُذُ الرَّجُلُ سَهْمَيْنِ قَالَ فَذَكَرَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا جِهَادٌ وَ لَا نَفَقَةٌ وَ لَا مَعْقُلَةٌ وَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ وَ لِذَلِكَ جَعَلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ سَهْماً وَاحِداً وَ لِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمَيْنِ.
“Once ibn abu al-‘Awaja’ asked me, ‘Why is it that the destitute and weak woman’s share of the legacy is half as much as the share of man?’ He (the narrator) has said that certain persons of our people mentioned to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who said, ‘It is because there is no Jihad on women and maintenance expenses and w