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الکافی- ط الاسلامیة

الكافي- ط الاسلامية

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بَابُ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِ‌

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِ فَقَالَ هُوَ الَّذِي لَا يَهْتَدِي حِيلَةً إِلَى الْكُفْرِ فَيَكْفُرَ وَ لَا يَهْتَدِي سَبِيلًا إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُؤْمِنَ وَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَكْفُرَ فَهُمُ الصِّبْيَانُ وَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ عَلَى مِثْلِ عُقُولِ الصِّبْيَانِ مَرْفُوعٌ عَنْهُمُ الْقَلَمُ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from certain individuals of his people from Zurara who has said the following: “Once I asked abu Ja’far (a.s.) about feeble-minded (weak) people. The Imam said, ‘They are those who have no means to become unbelievers and cannot find guidance to belief. They are not able to establish belief or to become unbelievers. Of such people are children and those of men and women who are of children’s mentality; the pen is held back from writing to hold them responsible.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ:

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الْمُسْتَضْعَفُونَ الَّذِينَ‌ لا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَ لا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا قَالَ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ وَ لَا يَكْفُرُونَ الصِّبْيَانُ وَ أَشْبَاهُ عُقُولِ الصِّبْيَانِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Jamil from Zurara from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “The feeble-minded people are those who are not able to find the means, the guidance or the way. The Imam said, ‘They are not able to find the means to belief and they do not disbelieve, like children and those who are of children’s mental condition, male and female.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِ فَقَالَ هُوَ الَّذِي لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ حِيلَةً يَدْفَعُ بِهَا عَنْهُ الْكُفْرَ وَ لَا يَهْتَدِي بِهَا إِلَى سَبِيلِ الْإِيمَانِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُؤْمِنَ وَ لَا يَكْفُرَ قَالَ وَ الصِّبْيَانُ وَ مَنْ كَانَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ عَلَى مِثْلِ عُقُولِ الصِّبْيَانِ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Zurara who has said the following: “Once I asked abu Ja’far (a.s.) about the feeble-minded people. The Imam said, ‘They are those who are not able to defend themselves against disbelief or find the means to the way in the direction of belief. They are not able to have belief and do not disbelieve.’ The Imam said, ‘Children and those of men and women who are of children’s mental condition are among such people.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جُنْدَبٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ السِّمْطِ الْبَجَلِيِّ قَالَ:

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قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ‌ فَقَالَ لِي شَبِيهاً بِالْفَزِعِ فَتَرَكْتُمْ أَحَداً يَكُونُ مُسْتَضْعَفاً وَ أَيْنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفُونَ- فَوَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ مَشَى بِأَمْرِكُمْ هَذَا الْعَوَاتِقُ إِلَى الْعَوَاتِقِ فِي خُدُورِهِنَّ وَ تُحَدِّثُ بِهِ السَّقَّايَاتُ فِي طَرِيقِ الْمَدِينَةِ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jundab from Sufyan ibn al-Samt al-Bajilli who has said the following: “Once I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘What do you say about the feeble-minded people?’ The Imam asked me in a manner similar to one frightened, ‘Have you left anyone to be considered feeble? By Allah, girls behind the curtains have heard about your cause (Divine Authority of Ahl al-Bayt ) and water carriers in the street of Madina speak about it.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]المستضعف عند أكثر الاصحاب من لا يعرف الامام و لا ينكره و لا يوالى أحدا بعينه و قال ابن إدريس( ره): هو من لا يعرف اختلاف الناس في المذاهب و لا يبغض أهل الحق على اعتقادهم و هذا أوفق باحاديث هذا الباب و أظهر لان العالم بالخلاف و الدلائل إذا توقف لا يقال له مستضعف و لعلّ فزعه عليه السلام باعتبار أن سفيان كان من أهل الإذاعة لهذا الامر. فلذلك قال على سبيل الانكار.« فتركتم أحدا يكون مستضعفا» يعنى أن المستضعف من لا يكون عالما بالحق و الباطل و ما تركتم أحدا على هذا الوصف لافشائكم أمرنا حتّى تحدثت النساء و الجواري في خدورهن و السقايات في طريق المدينة و انما خص العواتق بالذكر و هي الجارية أول ما أدركت لانهن إذا علمن مع كمال استتار هن فعلم غيرهن به أولى( لح).ص 404

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عَنْهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ فَضَالَةَ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبَانٍ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فَقَالَ هُمْ أَهْلُ الْوَلَايَةِ فَقُلْتُ أَيُّ وَلَايَةٍ فَقَالَ أَمَا إِنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ بِالْوَلَايَةِ فِي الدِّينِ وَ لَكِنَّهَا الْوَلَايَةُ فِي الْمُنَاكَحَةِ وَ الْمُوَارَثَةِ وَ الْمُخَالَطَةِ وَ هُمْ لَيْسُوا بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَ لَا بِالْكُفَّارِ وَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُرْجَوْنَ‌ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ‌ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

5. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa’id from Fudalah ibn Ayyub from ‘Umar ibn Aban who has said the following: “Once I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) about the feeble-minded people. The Imam said, ‘They are the people under guardianship.’ I then asked, ‘What kind of guardianship is it?’ The Imam said, ‘It is not a religious guardianship. It is guardianship in marriages, inheritance and social affairs. They are neither believers nor unbelievers. There are those among them for whom one may hope in the command of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]« ليست بالولاية في الدين» أي ولاية أئمة الحق بل المراد أنهم ليسوا متعصبين في مذهبهم و لا يبغضونكم و هم قوم يجوز لكم مناكحتهم و معاشرتهم، يرثون منكم و ترثون منهم فيكون السؤال عن حكمهم لا عن وصفهم و تعيينهم أو بين عليه السلام حكمهم ثمّ عرفهم بانهم ليسوا بالمؤمنين.ص 405

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الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُعَلَّى بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْوَشَّاءِ عَنْ مُثَنًّى عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الْجُعْفِيِّ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الدِّينِ الَّذِي لَا يَسَعُ الْعِبَادَ جَهْلُهُ فَقَالَ الدِّينُ وَاسِعٌ‌ وَ لَكِنَّ الْخَوَارِجَ ضَيَّقُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ مِنْ جَهْلِهِمْ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَأُحَدِّثُكَ بِدِينِيَ الَّذِي أَنَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ بَلَى فَقُلْتُ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ الْإِقْرَارَ بِمَا جَاءَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ وَ أَتَوَلَّاكُمْ وَ أَبْرَأُ مِنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ وَ مَنْ رَكِبَ رِقَابَكُمْ وَ تَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَ ظَلَمَكُمْ حَقَّكُمْ فَقَالَ مَا جَهِلْتَ شَيْئاً هُوَ وَ اللَّهِ الَّذِي نَحْنُ عَلَيْهِ قُلْتُ فَهَلْ سَلِمَ أَحَدٌ لَا يَعْرِفُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ قُلْتُ مَنْ هُمْ قَالَ نِسَاؤُكُمْ وَ أَوْلَادُكُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ رَأَيْتَ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنَّهَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَ مَا كَانَتْ تَعْرِفُ مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

6. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu’alla ibn Muhammad from al- Washsha’ from Muthanna from Isma’il al-Ju’fi who has said the following: “Once I asked abu Ja’far (a.s.) about how much religious knowledge people must have. The Imam said, ‘Religion is vast but the Khawarij (those who turned against Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali ibn abu Talib (a.s.)) group has narrowed it down upon themselves due to their ignorance.’ I asked, ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, can I tell you what kind of religion I believe in?’ The Imam said, ‘Yes, you may do so.’ I said, ‘I testify that no one deserves to be worshipped except Allah and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and messenger. I affirm to whatever he has brought from Allah. I love you {AM al-Bayt) and disavow your enemies and those who have suppressed you, kept (unjust) control over you and who have usurped your rights.’ The Imam said, ‘You are not ignorant of anything. This, by Allah is what we follow.’ I asked, ‘Is one who does not know this (cause) safe?’ The Imam said, ‘No, except the feeble- minded people.’ I asked, ‘Who are they?’ The Imam said, ‘Your women and children.’ Then he said, ‘Consider ‘Umm ‘Ayman. I testify that she is of the people of paradise, but she did not know what you believe.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[2]لعل المراد بسعته هنا باعتبار أن الذنوب كلها غير الكفر يجامع الايمان و لا يرفعه خلافا للخوارج فانهم قالوا: الذنوب كلها كفر( لح).ص 405

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنِ ابْنِ مُسْكَانَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ قَالَ

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قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مَنْ عَرَفَ اخْتِلَافَ النَّاسِ فَلَيْسَ بِمُسْتَضْعَفٍ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ibn Muskan from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘Whoever knows the differences among people is not a feeble-minded person.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ جَمِيلِ بْنِ دَرَّاجٍ قَالَ:

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قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنِّي رُبَّمَا ذَكَرْتُ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فَأَقُولُ نَحْنُ وَ هُمْ فِي مَنَازِلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا يَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ بِكُمْ أَبَداً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Mahbub from Jamil ibn Darraj who has said the following: “Once I asked Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘I may have mentioned those feeble-minded people and I say that those people and we are in homes of paradise.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) said, ‘Allah will never do that to you.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]« ربما ذكرت» أي نخاف أن يجعلنا اللّه بسبب ذنوبنا في درجة المستضعفين من المخالفين أو يشق علينا أنهم مع كونهم مخالفين يدخلون الجنة و يكونون معنا في منازلنا، فقال: عليه السلام إن دخلوا الجنة لم يكونوا في درجاتكم و منازلكم و الخبر الآتي يؤبد الأول( آت).ص 406

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عَنْهُ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ التَّيْمِيِّ عَنْ أَخَوَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ أَحْمَدَ ابْنَيِ الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ الْحُرِّ قَالَ:

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قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ نَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّا نَخَافُ أَنْ نَنْزِلَ بِذُنُوبِنَا مَنَازِلَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا يَفْعَلُ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ بِكُمْ أَبَداً. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مِثْلَهُ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

9. It is narrated from him (narrator of the Hadith above) from Ali ibn al-Hassan al- Taymi from his two brothers, Muhammad and Ahmad sons of al-Hassan from Ali ibn Ya’qub from Marwan ibn Muslim from Ayyub ibn al-Hurr who has said the following: “Once a man said to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) while we were present, ‘May Allah keep my soul in service for your cause, we are afraid that because of our sins we will be treated as feeble-minded people.’ The narrator has said that the Imam said, ‘No, by Allah, Allah will never do that to you.’” Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from a man from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) a similar Hadith.

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْمَغْرَاءِ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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مَنْ عَرَفَ اخْتِلَافَ النَّاسِ فَلَيْسَ بِمُسْتَضْعَفٍ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from abu al- Maghra’ from abu Basir from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Whoever knows the differences among people is not a feeble- minded person.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الضُّعَفَاءِ فَكَتَبَ إِلَيَّ الضَّعِيفُ مَنْ لَمْ تُرْفَعْ إِلَيْهِ حُجَّةٌ وَ لَمْ يَعْرِفِ الِاخْتِلَافَ فَإِذَا عَرَفَ الِاخْتِلَافَ فَلَيْسَ بِمُسْتَضْعَفٍ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

11. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Isma’il ibn Mehran from Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Khuza’i from Ali ibn Suwayd who has said the following: “Once I asked abu al-Hassan Musa (a.s.) about the feeble-minded people and he wrote to me, ‘A feeble-minded is one to whom evidence and proof is not (or cannot be) presented and he does not know the differences among people. If he knows the differences among people he is not an enfeeble person.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ‌ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ الْخَثْعَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي سَارَةَ إِمَامِ مَسْجِدِ بَنِي هِلَالٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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لَيْسَ الْيَوْمَ مُسْتَضْعَفٌ أَبْلَغَ الرِّجَالُ الرِّجَالَ وَ النِّسَاءُ النِّسَاءَ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

12. Certain individuals of our people have narrated from Ali ibn al-Hassan from Ali ibn Habib al-Khath’ami from abu Sarah Imam of the Mosque of Banu Hilal from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Today no one is a feeble-minded person. Men have informed men and women have informed women.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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[2]في بعض النسخ‌[ على بن الحسين‌].ص 406