Usul16

Chapter on the Beginning of Marriage and Its Origin

No. ٤٣٣٦chapter #1vol. 3 · pages 379-381
faqih-4330

رُوِيَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ‌ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:

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سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ خَلْقِ حَوَّاءَ وَ قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ أُنَاساً عِنْدَنَا يَقُولُونَ- إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ حَوَّاءَ مِنْ ضِلْعِ آدَمَ الْأَيْسَرِ الْأَقْصَى فَقَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَ تَعَالَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ عُلُوّاً كَبِيراً أَ يَقُولُ مَنْ يَقُولُ هَذَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنَ الْقُدْرَةِ مَا يَخْلُقُ لآِدَمَ زَوْجَةً مِنْ غَيْرِ ضِلْعِهِ وَ يَجْعَلُ لِلْمُتَكَلِّمِ مِنْ أَهْلِ التَّشْنِيعِ سَبِيلًا إِلَى الْكَلَامِ أَنْ يَقُولَ إِنَّ آدَمَ كَانَ يَنْكِحُ‌ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضاً إِذَا كَانَتْ مِنْ ضِلْعِهِ مَا لِهَؤُلَاءِ حَكَمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا وَ بَيْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى لَمَّا خَلَقَ آدَمَ ع مِنْ طِينٍ وَ أَمَرَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ فَسَجَدُوا لَهُ أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ السُّبَاتَ‌ ثُمَّ ابْتَدَعَ لَهُ حَوَّاءَ فَجَعَلَهَا فِي مَوْضِعِ النُّقْرَةِ الَّتِي بَيْنَ وَرِكَيْهِ‌ وَ ذَلِكَ لِكَيْ تَكُونَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَبَعاً لِلرَّجُلِ فَأَقْبَلَتْ تَتَحَرَّكُ فَانْتَبَهَ لِتَحَرُّكِهَا فَلَمَّا انْتَبَهَ نُودِيَتْ أَنْ تَنَحَّيْ عَنْهُ فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا نَظَرَ إِلَى خَلْقٍ حَسَنٍ يُشْبِهُ صُورَتَهُ غَيْرَ أَنَّهَا أُنْثَى فَكَلَّمَهَا فَكَلَّمَتْهُ بِلُغَتِهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا مَنْ أَنْتِ قَالَتْ خَلْقٌ خَلَقَنِي اللَّهُ كَمَا تَرَى فَقَالَ آدَمُ ع عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَا رَبِّ مَا هَذَا الْخَلْقُ الْحَسَنُ الَّذِي قَدْ آنَسَنِي قُرْبُهُ وَ النَّظَرُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَا آدَمُ هَذِهِ أَمَتِي حَوَّاءُ أَ فَتُحِبُّ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَعَكَ تُؤْنِسُكَ وَ تُحَدِّثُكَ وَ تَكُونَ تَبَعاً لِأَمْرِكَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ يَا رَبِّ وَ لَكَ عَلَيَّ بِذَلِكَ الْحَمْدُ وَ الشُّكْرُ مَا بَقِيتُ فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَاخْطُبْهَا إِلَيَ‌ فَإِنَّهَا أَمَتِي وَ قَدْ تَصْلُحُ لَكَ أَيْضاً زَوْجَةً لِلشَّهْوَةِ وَ أَلْقَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الشَّهْوَةَ وَ قَدْ عَلَّمَهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ الْمَعْرِفَةَ بِكُلِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ فَإِنِّي أَخْطُبُهَا إِلَيْكَ فَمَا رِضَاكَ لِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رِضَايَ أَنْ تُعَلِّمَهَا مَعَالِمَ دِينِي فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ لَكَ يَا رَبِّ عَلَيَّ إِنْ شِئْتَ ذَلِكَ لِي فَقَالَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ قَدْ شِئْتُ ذَلِكَ وَ قَدْ زَوَّجْتُكَهَا فَضُمَّهَا إِلَيْكَ فَقَالَ لَهَا آدَمُ ع إِلَيَّ فَأَقْبِلِي فَقَالَتْ لَهُ بَلْ أَنْتَ فَأَقْبِلْ إِلَيَّ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ ع أَنْ يَقُومَ إِلَيْهَا وَ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ لَكَانَ النِّسَاءُ هُنَّ يَذْهَبْنَ إِلَى الرِّجَالِ حَتَّى يَخْطُبْنَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِنَّ فَهَذِهِ قِصَّةُ حَوَّاءَ ص. وَ أَمَّا قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- يا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ واحِدَةٍ وَ خَلَقَ مِنْها زَوْجَها وَ بَثَّ مِنْهُما رِجالًا كَثِيراً وَ نِساءً فَإِنَّهُ‌ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ خَلَقَ مِنْ طِينَتِهَا زَوْجَهَا وَ بَثَّ مِنْهُما رِجالًا كَثِيراً وَ نِساءً. وَ الْخَبَرُ الَّذِي رُوِيَ‌ أَنَ‌ حَوَّاءَ خُلِقَتْ مِنْ ضِلْعِ آدَمَ الْأَيْسَرِ. صَحِيحٌ وَ مَعْنَاهُ مِنَ الطِّينَةِ الَّتِي فَضَلَتْ مِنْ ضِلْعِهِ الْأَيْسَرِ فَلِذَلِكَ صَارَتْ أَضْلَاعُ الرَّجُلِ أَنْقَصَ مِنْ أَضْلَاعِ النِّسَاءِ بِضِلْعٍ‌.

Read English translationBab Ul Qaim Publications — attributed by Thaqalayn

Hadith.4336 - Zurarah ibn A'yun narrated that Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about the creation of Hawwa (Eve). It was said to him that some people claim Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, created Hawwa from the leftmost rib of Adam. Imam (as) said: "Glory be to Allah (swt) and far exalted is He (swt) above such a claim. Does the one who says this believe that Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, lacked the power to create Adam's spouse from something other than his rib? Does he provide an opportunity for those who seek to cast doubts to say that Adam married a part of himself if she was created from his rib? What is wrong with these people? May Allah (swt) judge between us and them." Then Imam (as) said: "Indeed, when Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, created Adam (as) from clay and commanded the angels to prostrate before him, He (swt) caused Adam to fall into a deep sleep. He (swt) then created Hawwa for him and placed her in the indentation between his thighs. This was done so that the woman would be dependent upon the man." Imam (as) continued: "Hawwa began to move, which caused Adam to wake up due to her movement. When he woke up, he was told to move away from her. When he looked at her, he saw a beautiful creation resembling his own image, except that she was female. He spoke to her, and she responded to him in his language." Adam (as) then asked her: 'Who are you?' She replied: 'A creation whom Allah (swt) created, as you can see.' Adam (as) then said: 'O Lord (azj), what is this beautiful creation whose closeness has comforted me and whose sight has pleased me?' Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, said: "O Adam, this is My servant Hawwa. Do you wish for her to be with you, to comfort you, converse with you, and be subject to your command?" Adam (as) replied: "Yes, O Lord (azj), and for that, I offer You praise and thanks for as long as I live." Allah (swt), the Almighty, then said: "Propose to her through Me (swt), for she is My servant, and she may also be suitable for you as a wife for fulfilling desires." Allah (swt) then instilled in Adam the natural desire and had already taught him knowledge of all things. Adam (as) said: "O Lord (azj), I propose to her through You (swt). What is Your (swt) satisfaction regarding this matter?" Allah (swt), the Almighty, said: "My satisfaction is that you teach her the principles of My religion." Adam (as) replied: "That is upon me, O Lord (azj), if You (swt) will grant her to me." Allah (swt), the Almighty, said: "I have willed it and have married her to you. Now take her to yourself." Adam (as) then said to her: "Come to me." But she replied: "No, you come to me." Allah (swt), the Almighty, then commanded Adam (as) to go to her. Had it not been so, women would have approached men and proposed themselves. This is the story of Hawwa (peace be upon her)." As for the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious: "O mankind, fear your Lord (azj), who created you from a single soul and created from it its mate, and dispersed from both of them many men and women" (Surah An-Nisa 4:1), It is narrated that Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, created Adam's spouse from his clay, as mentioned in the verse: "And dispersed from both of them many men and women" (Surah An-Nisa 4:1).

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 8

[2]رواه المؤلّف في العلل الجزء الأول ب 17 عن شيخه ابن الوليد، عن أحمد بن إدريس و محمّد بن يحيى العطّار جميعا، عن محمّد بن أحمد بن يحيى بن عمران الأشعريّ عن أحمد بن الحسن بن عليّ بن فضال، عن أحمد بن إبراهيم بن عمار، عن ابن نوبة، عن زرارة. و أحمد بن إبراهيم مشترك. و ابن نوبة مجهول.ص 379

[3]في بعض النسخ« يقولون: من يقول هذا- الخ».ص 379

[1]المراد بالسبات هنا النوم و أصله الراحة.ص 380

[2]النقرة هي الحفرة و المراد الحفرة التي يكون فوق الدبر.ص 380

[3]يعني اطلب منى تزويجها.ص 380

[4]نقل السيّد الرضيّ- قدّس سرّه- في حقايق التأويل عن المبرد أن المراد من نفس واحدة الحقيقة الواحدة.ص 380

[1]روى العيّاشيّ في تفسيره عن النبيّ صلّى اللّه عليه و آله« ان اللّه تبارك و تعالى قبض قبضة من طين فخلطها بيمينه- و كلتا يديه يمين- و خلق منها آدم، و فضل فضلة منه فخلق منها حواء» و روى المؤلّف نحوه في العلل.ص 381

[2]قال استاذنا الشعرانى: يزعمون أن الرجل أنقص ضلعا من المرأة و ليس كذلك بالحس و التجربة بل أضلاعهم متساوية في اليمين و اليسار، و تكذيب الإمام عليه السلام لهذا الحديث مؤيّد بالحس و لا يحتاج الى التأويل و التكلّف.ص 381

No. ٤٣٣٧chapter #2vol. 3 · page 381
faqih-4331

رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ أَنَّ آدَمَ ع وُلِدَ لَهُ شَيْثٌ وَ أَنَّ اسْمَهُ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ وَ هُوَ أَوَّلُ وَصِيٍّ أُوصِيَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْآدَمِيِّينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ وُلِدَ لَهُ بَعْدَ شَيْثٍ يَافِثُ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُبْلِغَ بِالنَّسْلِ مَا تَرَوْنَ وَ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَا قَدْ جَرَى بِهِ الْقَلَمُ مِنْ تَحْرِيمِ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ عَلَى الْإِخْوَةِ أَنْزَلَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ فِي يَوْمِ خَمِيسٍ حَوْرَاءَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ اسْمُهَا نَزْلَةُ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ شَيْثٍ فَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْهُ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ مِنَ الْغَدِ حَوْرَاءَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ وَ اسْمُهَا مُنْزَلَةُ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ يَافِثَ فَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْهُ فَوُلِدَ لِشَيْثٍ غُلَامٌ وَ وُلِدَ لِيَافِثَ جَارِيَةٌ فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ آدَمَ حِينَ أَدْرَكَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ ابْنَةَ يَافِثَ مِنِ ابْنِ شَيْثٍ فَفَعَلَ فَوُلِدَ الصَّفْوَةُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ مِنْ نَسْلِهِمَا وَ مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا قَالُوا مِنْ أَمْرِ الْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ‌.

Read English translationBab Ul Qaim Publications — attributed by Thaqalayn

Hadith.4337 - Zurarah narrated from Abu Abdillah (as) that Adam (as) had a son named Sheeth, whose name means "Gift of Allah (swt)." He was the first successor appointed among humans on earth. After Sheeth, Adam (as) had another son named Yafith. When both sons reached maturity, Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, intended to continue human progeny and fulfill what was decreed by His (swt) command. To enforce the prohibition of marriage between brothers and sisters, Allah (swt) sent down, after the afternoon (Asr) on a Thursday, a heavenly woman from Paradise named Nazlah. Allah (swt) commanded Adam (as) to marry her to Sheeth, and so he did. The next afternoon, on Friday, Allah (swt) sent down another heavenly woman from Paradise named Munzalah. Allah (swt) commanded Adam (as) to marry her to Yafith, and so he did. Sheeth and Nazlah had a son, and Yafith and Munzalah had a daughter. When these children grew up, Allah (swt) commanded Adam (as) to marry the daughter of Yafith to the son of Sheeth. Adam obeyed this command, and from their lineage came the chosen ones among the prophets and messengers. Far be it from Allah (swt) that human propagation occurred as some have claimed-through marriage between brothers and sisters. Instead, Allah (swt) ensured the preservation of purity and honor in the lineage through divine arrangements.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 2

[3]رواه المؤلّف في ذيل حديث طويل في العلل عن أبيه، عن محمّد بن يحيى العطار، عن الحسين بن الحسن بن أبان، عن محمّد بن أورمة، عن النوفليّ، عن عليّ بن داود اليعقوبي، عن الحسن بن مقاتل، عمّن سمع زرارة عنه. و عليّ بن داود مجهول الحال مهمل، و كذا الحسن بن مقاتل.ص 381

[4]ظاهر هذا مستلزم لبقاء بنات آدم عليه السلام بلا زوج الا أن يجوّز تزويج العمات دون الاخوات.( سلطان).ص 381

No. ٤٣٣٨chapter #3vol. 3 · page 382
faqih-4332

رَوَى الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ:

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إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَنْزَلَ عَلَى آدَمَ حَوْرَاءَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ فَزَوَّجَهَا أَحَدَ ابْنَيْهِ وَ تَزَوَّجَ الْآخَرُ ابْنَةَ الْجَانِّ فَمَا كَانَ فِي النَّاسِ مِنْ جَمَالٍ كَثِيرٍ أَوْ حُسْنِ خُلُقٍ فَهُوَ مِنَ الْحَوْرَاءِ وَ مَا كَانَ فِيهِمْ مِنْ سُوءِ خُلُقٍ فَهُوَ مِنِ ابْنَةِ الْجَانِّ.

Read English translationBab Ul Qaim Publications — attributed by Thaqalayn

Hadith.4338 - Al-Qasim ibn Urwah narrated from Burayd al-Ijli, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, sent down to Adam a woman from Paradise, and he married her to one of his sons. The other son married a daughter of the jinn. Therefore, whatever beauty or good character exists among people, it is from the woman of Paradise, and whatever bad character exists among them, it is from the daughter of the jinn."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]هو مجهول الحال، و طريق المصنّف إليه فيه هارون بن مسلم بن سعد و هو و ان كان ثقة الا أن له مذهبا في الجبر و التشبيه.ص 382