مَا كَانَ مِنْ طَعَامٍ سَمَّيْتَ فِيهِ كَيْلًا فَلَا يَصْلُحُ مُجَازَفَةً هَذَا مِمَّا يُكْرَهُ مِنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘In the case of foodstuff of known measurement venturous estimation is not valid and it is of undesirable matters in the case of foodstuff.”’
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ عَلَى الْآخَرِ مِائَةُ كُرِّ تَمْرٍ وَ لَهُ نَخْلٌ فَيَأْتِيهِ فَيَقُولُ أَعْطِنِي نَخْلَكَ هَذَا بِمَا عَلَيْكَ فَكَأَنَّهُ كَرِهَهُ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمَا النَّخْلُ فَيَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ إِمَّا أَنْ تَأْخُذَ هَذَا النَّخْلَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا كَيْلًا مُسَمًّى أَوْ تُعْطِيَنِي نِصْفَ هَذَا الْكَيْلِ إِمَّا زَادَ
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man to whom another man owes one hundred kur of dates and he has palm trees. He comes and says, ‘Give to me your palm trees for what you owe to me.’ It seemed as if he (the Imam) disliked it. I then asked about two men who have palm trees
أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْجَوْزِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَعُدَّ فَيُكَالُ بِمِكْيَالٍ فَيُعَدُّ مَا فِيهِ ثُمَّ يُكَالُ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى حِسَابِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْعَدَدِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about walnuts that cannot be counted. The owner weighs a certain measurement, then counts the rest according to that measurement. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي بَيْعاً فِيهِ كَيْلٌ أَوْ وَزْنٌ يُعَيِّرُهُ ثُمَّ يَأْخُذُهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا فِيهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who buys something which is sold by measure or weight and takes it according to that standard. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ نَعَمٌ يَبِيعُ أَلْبَانَهَا بِغَيْرِ كَيْلٍ قَالَ نَعَمْ حَتَّى يَنْقَطِعَ أَوْ شَيْءٌ مِنْهَا.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has cattle; if he can sell their milk without measurement. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so until it stops (coming through the udder) or something similar.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اللَّبَنِ يُشْتَرَى وَ هُوَ فِي الضَّرْعِ قَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَحْلُبَ لَكَ سُكُرُّجَةً[2] فَيَقُولَ اشْتَرِ مِنِّي هَذَا اللَّبَنَ الَّذِي فِي السُّكُرُّجَةِ وَ مَا فِي ضُرُوعِهَا بِثَمَنٍ مُسَمًّى فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الضُّرُوعِ شَيْءٌ كَانَ مَا فِي السُّكُرُّجَةِ.
“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), if milk which still is in the udder can be purchased. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, until it is milked in al-Sukurrujah (a bowl) and the seller can say, “Buy what is in al-Sukurruajah and that which is in the udder for the named price” and if there is nothing in the udder that which is i
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَشْتَرِي مِائَةَ رَاوِيَةٍ مِنْ زَيْتٍ فَأَعْرِضُ رَاوِيَةً وَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَأَزِنُهُمَا ثُمَّ آخُذُ سَائِرَهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ[3].
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about buying a hundred Rawiyah (a certain unit of measurement) of oil, then weigh one or two Rawiyah then accept the rest according to such weighing. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَصْوَافَ مِائَةِ نَعْجَةٍ وَ مَا فِي بُطُونِهَا مِنْ حَمْلٍ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي بُطُونِهَا حَمْلٌ كَانَ رَأْسُ مَالِهِ فِي الصُّوفِ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who buys wool of a hundred sheep from another man and what is in their womb for so amount of dirham. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful; in case there is nothing in their womb he has his capital in the wool.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ يَصْلُحُ لِي أَنْ أَشْتَرِيَ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الْجَارِيَةَ الْآبِقَةَ وَ أُعْطِيَهُمُ الثَّمَنَ وَ أَطْلُبَهَا أَنَا قَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ شِرَاؤُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ مِنْهُمْ مَعَهَا شَيْئاً ثَوْباً أَوْ مَتَاعاً فَتَقُولَ لَهُمْ أَشْتَرِي مِنْكُمْ جَارِيَتَكُمْ فُلَانَةَ وَ هَذَا الْمَتَاعَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ جَائِزٌ.
“I once asked abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), if my buying a runaway slave-girl from a people and paying them the price but myself search to find her, is valid. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not valid unless you buy from them a certain other item, like cloths or so and say to them, “I buy your so slave- girl and this item of
إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ نَهَى أَنْ يُشْتَرَى شَبَكَةُ الصَّيَّادِ يَقُولَ اضْرِبْ بِشَبَكَتِكَ فَمَا خَرَجَ فَهُوَ مِنْ مَالِي بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), prohibited buying the net of the fisherman by saying, ‘Spread your net and whatever comes in is mine for so and so amount.’”
إِذَا كَانَتْ أَجَمَةٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا قَصَبٌ أُخْرِجَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ السَّمَكِ فَيُبَاعُ وَ مَا فِي الْأَجَمَةِ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If there is a bunch of trees without reeds with a few fish taken out along with what is in the bunch of trees, it can (lawfully) be sold.’”
فِي الرَّجُلِ يَتَقَبَّلُ بِجِزْيَةِ رُءُوسِ الرِّجَالِ[2] وَ بِخَرَاجِ النَّخْلِ وَ الْآجَامِ وَ الطَّيْرِ وَ هُوَ لَا يَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ مِنْ هَذَا شَيْءٌ أَبَداً أَوْ يَكُونُ قَالَ إِذَا عَلِمَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً وَاحِداً أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَدْرَكَ فَاشْتَرِهِ وَ تَقَبَّلْ بِهِ.
“About the case of a man who accepts in a transaction, in exchange for what he pays, the taxes due on non-Muslim taxpayers, taxes on palm trees, on groves, on birds and does not know if any such items exist or not, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If he knows that at least one thing of it exists that he can have, he c
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَشْتَرِي الْجِصَّ فَيَكِيلُ بَعْضَهُ وَ يَأْخُذُ الْبَقِيَّةَ بِغَيْرِ كَيْلٍ فَقَالَ إِمَّا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ كُلَّهُ بِتَصْدِيقِهِ وَ إِمَّا أَنْ يَكِيلَهُ كُلَّهُ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who buys lime. He weighs a certain portion then accepts the rest without measurement. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can accept all of it with his certification or measure all of it.��”