A Man Bears Testimony against a Woman without Looking at Her Face

لَا بَأْسَ بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى إِقْرَارِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ لَيْسَتْ بِمُسْفِرَةٍ إِذَا عُرِفَتْ بِعَيْنِهَا أَوْ حَضَرَ مَنْ يَعْرِفُهَا فَأَمَّا إِنْ لَا تُعْرَفْ بِعَيْنِهَا وَ لَا يَحْضُرْ مَنْ يَعْرِفُهَا فَلَا يَجُوزُ لِلشُّهُودِ أَنْ يَشْهَدُوا عَلَيْهَا وَ عَلَى إِقْرَارِهَا دُونَ أَنْ تُسْفِرَ وَ يَنْظُرُوا إِلَيْهَا.

“Abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal (a.s.), has pronounced this fatwa. ’Bearing testimony to the confession of a woman, whose face is not open, if one knows her in person or the one who is present knows her, is not harmful. However, if she is not known in person and no one present knows her, then bearing testimony against her or