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الکافی- ط الاسلامیة

الكافي- ط الاسلامية

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بَابُ مَوَارِيثِ الْقَتْلَى وَ مَنْ يَرِثُ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ وَ مَنْ لَا يَرِثُ‌

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ سَوَّارٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ:

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إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمَّا هَزَمَ طَلْحَةَ وَ الزُّبَيْرَ أَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ فَمَرُّوا بِامْرَأَةٍ حَامِلٍ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْهُمْ فَطَرَحَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حَيّاً فَاضْطَرَبَ حَتَّى مَاتَ ثُمَّ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيٌّ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حُبْلَى فَفَزِعَتْ حِينَ رَأَتِ الْقِتَالَ وَ الْهَزِيمَةَ قَالَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ فَقِيلَ إِنَّ ابْنَهَا مَاتَ قَبْلَهَا قَالَ فَدَعَا بِزَوْجِهَا أَبِي الْغُلَامِ الْمَيِّتِ فَوَرَّثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِهِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ وَ وَرَّثَ أُمَّهُ ثُلُثَ الدِّيَةِ ثُمَّ وَرَّثَ الزَّوْجَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ الْمَيِّتَةِ نِصْفَ ثُلُثِ الدِّيَةِ الَّذِي وَرِثَتْهُ مِنِ ابْنِهَا وَ وَرَّثَ قَرَابَةَ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمَيِّتَةِ الْبَاقِيَ ثُمَّ وَرَّثَ الزَّوْجَ أَيْضاً مِنْ دِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ الْمَيِّتَةِ نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ وَ هُوَ أَلْفَانِ وَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ وَرَّثَ قَرَابَةَ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمَيِّتَةِ نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ وَ هُوَ أَلْفَانِ وَ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ غَيْرُ الَّذِي رَمَتْ بِهِ حِينَ فَزِعَتْ قَالَ وَ أَدَّى ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ مِنْ بَيْتِ مَالِ الْبَصْرَةِ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Muhammad ibn Yahya from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Sawwar from al-Hassan who has narrated the following: “When Ali (a.s.), defeated Talhah and al-Zubayr, people came defeated and passed by a pregnant woman on the road who was frightened and miscarried her child who was alive but then died. She, because of shock died after the child. Ali (a.s.), and his people passed by where she with her child was left on the road. He (the Imam) asked them about her case and they said that she was pregnant. Because of shock on seeing the dead and defeated she has died. He (the Imam) then asked, ’Who died first?’ They said, ’The child died before her.’ He (the Imam) called her husband and made him to inherit his son for two-thirds of the wergild and the mother to inherit one-third of the wergild. He (the Imam) made the man to inherit from his dead wife one-half of the one-third, which she had inherited of the wergild of her son. The relatives of the dead woman inherited the remaining. He (the Imam) then made the husband to inherit also from the wergild of the dead woman, one-half which is two thousand and five hundred dirham. He (the Imam) allowed the relatives of the dead woman to inherit the other one-half, which was two thousand and five hundred dirham. This is because she did not have any children other than that whom she miscarried because of shock. He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) paid all of it from the public treasury of Basrah.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]قال في المسالك: اختلف الاصحاب في وارث الدية على أقوال: احدها ان وارثها من يرث غيرها من أمواله ذهب إليه الشيخ في المبسوط و الخلاف و ابن إدريس في أحد قوليه، و الثاني أنه يرثها من عدا المتقرب بالام ذهب إليه الشيخ في النهاية و اتباعه و ابن إدريس في القول الآخر لروايات دلت على حرمان الاخوة للام لا مطلق المتقرب بالام و كانهم عمموا الحكم فيهم بطريق أولى و لو قيل يقصر الحكم على موضع البعض كان وجها، الثالث انه يمنع المتقرب بالاب وحده لا غير و هو قول الشيخ في موضع آخر من الخلاف.( آت)ص 139

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ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي دِيَةِ الْمَقْتُولِ أَنَّهُ يَرِثُهَا الْوَرَثَةُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ سِهَامِهِمْ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى الْمَقْتُولِ دَيْنٌ إِلَّا الْإِخْوَةَ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ شَيْئاً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

2. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from abu Ayyub from Sulayman ibn Khalid who has narrated the following: “’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), issued a judgment about the wergild of one slain that the heirs inherit from it according to the book of Allah their shares if there is no debt on the deceased except the brothers and sisters from the mother’s side who do not inherit from the wergild anything.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ قَالَ

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قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ‌ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّ الدِّيَةَ يَرِثُهَا الْوَرَثَةُ إِلَّا الْإِخْوَةَ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

3. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment that said, ’All heirs inherit from the wergild except brothers and sisters from the mother’s side.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَنْهُ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع

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قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّ الدِّيَةَ يَرِثُهَا الْوَرَثَةُ إِلَّا الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

4. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment that said, ’All heirs inherit from the wergild except brothers and sisters from the mother’s side who do not inherit anything from the wergild.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ

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قَالَ: الدِّيَةُ يَرِثُهَا الْوَرَثَةُ عَلَى فَرَائِضِ الْمَوَارِيثِ إِلَّا الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ‘Asem ibn Hakim from Muhammad ibn Qays who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ’From the wergild the heirs receive according to their ordained shares except brothers and sisters from the mother’s side who do not inherit anything thereof.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سَمَاعَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَبَلَةَ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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لَا يَرِثُ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

6. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah from ‘Abd Allah ibn Jabalah and Ali ibn Ribat from ‘Abd Allah ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that brothers from mother’s side do not receive any share from the wergild.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ يَحْيَى الْأَزْرَقِ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُقْتَلُ وَ يَتْرُكُ دَيْناً وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَيَأْخُذُ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ الدِّيَةَ أَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْضُوا دَيْنَهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ شَيْئاً قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّمَا أَخَذُوا دِيَتَهُ فَعَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْضُوا دَيْنَهُ‌.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Nu’man from Yahya al-Arzaq who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is killed, leaving behind a debt and has left no assets but his heirs receive the wergild; if they must pay his debt. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, they must do so.’ I then asked, ‘Even if he does not leave anything they must pay his debts?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, because they have received the wergild, thus, they must pay his debt.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]هذا هو المشهور و قيل: لا يصرف منها في الدين شي‌ء لتاخر استحقاقها عن الحياة و هو شاذ.( آت)ص 140

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْ‌ءٌ قَالَ لَا.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

8. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Dawud ibn al- Haseen from abu al-‘Abbas who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), if brothers from mother’s side can receive any inheritance from the wergild. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they cannot do so.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.