Fasting on ‘Id Days and during the Bright Days of the Month: 11, 12 and 13

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ‘Uthman ibn ‘Isa from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about fasting on the day of al-Fitr (first day of the month of Shawwal). He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not proper to fast as well as on the days of al- Tashriq.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Ahmad ibn abu Nadr from abu Ja’far al-Fazariy who has said the following: “Once abu Ja‘far (a.s.), called one of his servants named Musadif and gave him a thousand dinar. He (the Imam) told him to prepare for traveling to Egypt and added, ‘The number of my dependents has increased.’ He (the narrator) has said that the servant prepared certain items of merchandise along with the traders to go for trade to Egypt. When they arrived near Egypt they met a caravan coming out of Egypt. They asked the outgoing caravan with regards to the condition of their merchandise, which was of general nature, in the city. The outgoing people informed them that no such merchandise was available in the city. They (people of the incoming caravan) made an agreement among themselves on oath not to sell their merchandise for less than a profit of one dinar for each dinar worth of merchandise. After taking possession of their belongings, they returned to al-Madinah and Musadif came to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), with two bagfuls of dinars, each of which had a thousand dinars. He said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, this is the capital and this is the profit.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This is a great deal of profit. However, what did you do with the merchandise?’ He (Musadif) told the story of their agreement on oath. He (the Imam) said, ‘Allah is free of all defects. Why do you make an agreement on oath against a Muslim people not to sell for less than a profit of one dinar for each dinar worth of merchandise?’ He (the Imam) then took the two bags and said, ‘This is my capital and we do not need this profit.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘O Musadif, settling with sword is easier than earning by lawful ways.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, disdained and rejected the words of certain ones of his wives against the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and sent revelation about choice. The Messenger of Allah stayed away from his wives for twenty-nine days in the mashrabah (a place for water containers) of ‘Umm Ibrahim. He then called them and gave them the choice. They chose him (the Messenger of Allah) then nothing happened. Had they chosen themselves it would have been one final divorce which made them all become strangers to him (the Messenger of Allah).’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the word of the woman and who she was?’ He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said, ‘She said, “Muhammad thinks that if he divorces us no one of our match from our tribes will marry us.’””

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman from af-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one dies with indebtedness, on us is his debt and up to us are his dependents. If one dies leaving behind assets, it is for his heirs and if one dies leaving behind no guardians, his asset is part of public welfare fund.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from abu Sa‘id al-Mukariy from Ziyad ibn abu al-Hallal who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once said to us, ‘Fasting is not proper during three days after al- Adha’ (10th of Duh al-Hajjah) as well as after al-Fitr (the first day of the month of Shawwal); they are the days for eating and drinking.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Through the same chain of narrators as the previous one is the following Hadith from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Kufiy from ‘Ubays ibn Hisham from Aban ibn Taghlib from abu Hamzah in a marfu’ manner’ has said, the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), once stood on the house of ibn abu Mu‘ayt where camel men stayed, and said, ‘O middlemen people, you must reduce swearing; it makes a merchandise easily marketable but destroys the profit.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl from abu al-Sabbah al-Kinaniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Zaynab said, ‘You are not fair and you are the Messenger of Allah.’ Hafsah said, ‘If you divorce us we will find our match in our people.’ Revelation stopped coming to the Messenger of Allah for twenty days. He (the Imam) said that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, disdained and rejected the words of these women against His Messenger and sent revelation that said, ‘O Prophet, say to your wives, “If you want the worldly life and its beauty become prepared . . . great reward.’” He (the Imam) said that they chose the Messenger of Allah. Had they chosen themselves they would have become stranger to him (the Messenger of Allah) and they chose the Messenger of Allah, then not anything else happened.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from al-‘ Ala’ from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If one dies without leaving behind any heirs from his relatives or freeing master who has taken responsibiliy for his crimes, his legacy becomes part of the public welfare funds (state treasury).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya and Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of the two days after al-Fitr; if fasting is permissible therein. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not like for you to fast on those days.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Muhammad ibn Tsa from ‘Ubayd Allah al- Dihqan from Durust ibn abu Mansur from Ibrahim ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), has said, ‘On the Day of Judgment, Allah, most High, will not look to three kinds of people. Of such people one kind is a man who does not buy or sell anything without swearing.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from ibn abu Nasr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman from ‘Abd al-‘Ala’ ibn ’A‘yan who has said the following: “I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Certain ones of the wives of the Holy Prophet, had said, ‘Does Muhammad think that if he divorces us, no one from our people will marry us?’ He (the Imam) said that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, became angry from above the seven heavens and commanded him (the Messenger of Allah) and he gave them the choice until it was the turn of Zaynab bint Jahash. She stood and kissed him (the Messenger of Allah) and accepted, saying, “I choose Allah and His Messenger.’””

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from certain persons of our people who has narrated the following: “Abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Imam is the heir of one who does not have any heirs.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Tsa from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan Za’lan from abu Tsma’il; in a marfu’ manner’ has said, the following: “Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), would say, ‘Beware of swearing; it may make a merchandise easily sell, but it destroys the blessings.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah from Ja‘far ibn Sama‘ah from Dawud ibn Sarhan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Zaynab bint Jahash once said, ‘Does the Messenger of Allah think that if he divorces us we will not find anyone other than him to marry us?’ He had stayed away from his wives for twenty-nine days. When Zaynab said this Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, sent Jibril to Muhammad (SAW). He said, ‘Say to your wives, “If you want the worldly life and its beauty, then be prepared he will benefit you . . .” They said, ‘We choose Allah and His Messenger and the house in the hereafter.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from all from Safwan ibn Yahya from ibn Muskan from Muhammad al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “About the words of Allah, most Blessed, most High, ‘. . . they ask you about al-Anfal (assets captured from the enemy),’ (8:1) abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one dies without leaving behind any heirs his assets become part of al-Anfal.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from al-Husayn ibn Sama‘ah from Wuhayb ibn Hafs from abu Basir who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that once Zaynab bint Jahash said to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, ‘You are not fair and you are the Prophet.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) replied, ‘May your hands become soiled, ‘If I am not fair then who is fair?’ She then asked, ‘O Messenger of Allah, did you pray that my hands get cut off?’ He (the Messenger of Allah) replied, ‘No, but they become soiled.’ She then said, ‘If you divorce us we will find in our people men as our match who will marry us.’ Revelation stopped coming for twenty-nine nights.’ Abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam, then said, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, disdained and rejected her words and sent revelation that said, ‘O Prophet, say to your wives, “If you want the worldly life and its beauty . . .” to the end of the two verses. They chose Allah and His Messenger then further things did not happen. Had they chosen themselves they would have become stranger to him (the Messenger of Allah).”’ (‘Your hands become soiled’ may mean poverty and it may also mean wealth)

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. Through the same chain of narrators as that of the previous Hadith the following is narrated from Ya’qub ibn Salim from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “About the case of a man who gives his wife the choice abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The choice is only for us and not for anyone else. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, gave the choice because of the words of ‘A’ishah. They then chose Allah and His Messenger and they must not have chosen anyone other than the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.