Chapter on Meeting the Scholars and Associating with Them

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus in a marfu‘ manner that Luqman (the wise) said to his son, “O my son, choose your gatherings wisely. If you see a group remembering Allah (swt), then sit with them. If you are knowledgeable, your knowledge will benefit you, and if you are ignorant, they will teach you. Perhaps Allah, by His mercy, will envelop them, and you will be included with them. But if you see a group not remembering Allah, do not sit with them. If you are knowledgeable, your knowledge will not benefit you, and if you are ignorant, they will increase you in ignorance. Perhaps Allah will subject them to punishment, and you would be associated with them."

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Sulaym al-Farra’ from those whom he has mentioned (in his book) from Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘Whenever you pray and plead before Allah for help, consider that what you have asked for has arrived at the door.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from ‘Abd Allah ibn Yahya al-Kahiliy who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a woman who after sexual relation with her husband experiences Hayd (menses) and she is already in the bath area. Must she take Ghusl (bath) or not? He (the Imam) said, ‘Something which invalidates Salah (prayer) has come with her. She does not need Ghusl (bath).’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub af-Khazzaz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, disdains to provide sustenance for a believing person from any source other than an unexpected source.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar and Muhammad ibn Ja‘far abu al-‘Abbas al-Razzaz from abu Ayyub ibn Nuh and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from Safwan ibn Yahya from ibn Muskan from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Divorce according to Sunnah is the divorce which one pronounces once in a menses-free period during which sexual intercourse has not taken place. It is pronounced in the presence of two witnesses and leaves her until her menses-free period is over. When this period is over she becomes stranger to him and he is one of those who may propose marriage; if he likes he can marry or not marry. If he decides to go back to his wife there must be a witness to bear witness to his going back to his wife before her menses-free period is over so that she remains with him within the first divorce/ He (the narrator) has said that abu Basir narrated from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who stated this about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. ‘Divorce is twice, thereafter one must keep her in proper manner or in kindness allow her to go/ (2:229) He (the Imam) has said that it is the second divorce and allowing with kindness to go/”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa and a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad all from ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub al-Khazzaz and others from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘With the existence of a mother or father or son or daughter no one else inherits except the husband and wife. The one-half share of the husband is not reduced if there are no children; and from one-fourth of a wife nothing is reduced if there are no children; but if there is a child with them then one-fourth is the share of a husband and one-eighth is the share of a wife.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father and Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa, all from ibn Mahbub from Durust ibn abu Mansur from Ibrahim ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid from abu al-Hassan Musa ibn Ja‘far (a.s.) who has said the following. “Speaking to a scholar even at a dump-site is better than speaking to an ignorant person at a best furnished palace.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a woman who experiences Hayd (menses) when she has had sexual relation if she needed Ghusl (bath) because of sexual relation. He (the Imam) said, ‘Ghusl (bath) for Hayd (menses) and sexual relation is one.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-‘ Abbas ibn Ma‘ruf from Safwan ibn Yahya from Muhammad ibn ‘Uthman al-Khudriy from certain persons of his shaykh who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Fast on the fifth day of the coming year from the day you fasted the year before.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from abu Jamilah who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Your hope for help from an unexpected source should be greater than an expected source. Musa ‘Alayhi al-Salam, went to find fire for his family and came back as a prophet commissioned to preach.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Divorce which is not according to Sunnah or not with waiting period does not have any valid effect.’ Zurarah has said that I then asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), ‘Please explain to me divorce according to Sunnah and divorce with waiting period.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘For divorce according to Sunnah the man must wait until she experiences Hayd (menses) and becomes clean from Hayd (menses). When this happens he can divorce her in the presence of two witnesses without going to bed with her; then he leaves her until she experiences Hayd (menses) twice and her waiting period becomes complete. On her experiencing the third Hayd (menses) she becomes stranger to him. He then is one of those who may propose marriage; if he wants he can marry or not to marry. He must pay her maintenance as long as she is in her waiting period and they inherit each other during the waiting period.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Divorce with waiting period is the divorce which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has mentioned, ‘. . . .divorce them with waiting period and keep a count of the waiting period.’ (65:2) For this kind of divorce if a man wants to divorce his wife he must wait until she experiences Hayd (menses) and become clean of Hayd (menses) then divorce her one divorce in the presence of two just witnesses without going to bed with her. He then can go back to her on the same day if he likes or after several days or before she experiences Hayd (menses). He must have a witness for his going back to her. He can go to bed with her and live with her until she experiences Hayd (menses). When she experiences Hayd (menses) and becomes clean, divorce her in the presence of witnesses without going to bed with her. He then can go back to her again anytime he likes before she experiences Hayd (menses) for the third Hayd (menses). When she becomes clean of the third Hayd (menses) he divorces her in the presence of witness for the third time without sexual intercourse. When he does this she becomes stranger to him and he cannot marry her again before she marries another man.’ He (the Imam) was asked, ‘What happens if she does not experience Hayd (menses)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘In such case she is divorced according to Sunnah.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Jamil ibn Darraj from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “If a deceased leaves behind his mother, or father, or his son or his daughter with one of these four then what Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has spoken about, ‘Allah gives you a fatwa about al -Kalalah’ (4:176) does not apply. With the existence of the mother, father, son or daughter no one of the creatures of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, inherits except the husband and wife/”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

3. A number of our people has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Barqi from Sharif ibn Sabiq from al-Fadl ibn abu Qurrah from abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) who has said the following. “The Holy Prophet said, ‘The disciples asked Jesus, ‘O the spirit of Allah who should we associate with?’ Jesus replied, “Associate with those whose visitation would remind you of Allah, whose speech and logic increase your knowledge and whose deeds would attract you to the next life.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ’Isma‘il ibn Marrar from Yunus from Sa‘id ibn Yasar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who experiences blood discharge because of Hayd (menses) when she has had sexual relation if she needs Ghusl (bath) because of sexual relation or Ghusl (bath) because of the sexual relation and Hayd (menses). He (the Imam) said, ‘She has experienced something bigger than that (sexual relation).”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Sayyariy who has said the following: “Muhammad ibn al-Faraj once wrote to al-‘Askariy (a.s.), asking about what is narrated, for calculating to fast, from his ancestors about the five days of the last year and six days of the coming year. He (the Imam) wrote, ‘It is correct but count five days in every four years and in the sixth year six days in between the first and the new. In those other than this it is five and five.’ Al- Sayyariy has said that this is because of al-Kabisah (calculating system). He has said that our people have calculated it and they found it to be correct.’ He (the narrator) has said that Muhammad ibn al- Faraj wrote to him (the Imam) in the year two hundred thirty eight about this calculation. (The answer said), ‘This calculation is not easy for everyone to follow. This is for those who know the years and that when al-Kabisah year was. Then crescent of the month of Ramadan of the first night is correct for them. Once the crescent of the night is established, then it is correct for them by the will of Allah.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from Ali ibn Muhammad al-Qasaniy from the one whom he has mentioned from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from abu ‘Abd Allah from his father, from his grandfather ‘Alayhi al- Salam, who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ‘Your hope for help from an unexpected source should be greater than an expected source. Musa (Moses) ‘Alayhi al-Salam went to find fire for his family, Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, spoke to him and he came back as a messenger prophet. Queen of Sheba’ (Saba’) went out and became a Muslim with Sulayman (Solomon). The magician went out to defend Pharaoh’s majesty then returned as believing people.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Ibn Mahbub has narrated from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah said: “I once heard Abu Ja’far (a.s.) say, ’I love for a knowledgeable man, if he intends to divorce his wife, to do so in accordance with the Sunnah.’ He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) then said, ’This is that about which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ’...perhaps Allah thereafter will cause something to happen.’ (65:1) It means after divorce and waiting period a marriage with him, before the advance of the case to a marriage with another man.’ He (the Imam) said, ’How just and expansive this is for them both! It is best for him to divorce her while she is in a state of purity (not during menstruation) without having engaged in intercourse during that period, to pronounce one divorce in the presence of witnesses, and then to leave her until her waiting period ends—whether three months or three menstrual cycles (qurūʾ). Thereafter, he may propose to her again as a suitor among others.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Muhammad ibn ‘Ism’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mansur ibn Hazim from Abu ‘Abdillah (as) who said: The Messenger of Allah (sw) said, "Association with religious people is an honour in this life as well as in the next life."

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Mansur ibn al-‘Abbas from Ibrahim al-Ahwal from ’Imran al- Za‘faraniy who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘In winter we cannot see the sun or stars for one or two days. When must we fast?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Think, on what day you fasted last year, then count five days and fast on the fifth day.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

4. It is narrated from him (narrator of previous Hadith) from Safwan from Muhammad ibn abu al-Haz Haz from Ali ibn al-Sariy who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has made the sustenance of the believing people to come unexpectedly; when a servant (of Allah) does not know wherefrom his sustenance comes, he prays a great deal.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Najran or others from ibn Muskan from abu Basir who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the divorce according to Sunnah. He (the Imam) said, ’For divorce according to Sunnah when a man wants to divorce his wife he must leave her, if he has gone to bed with her, until she experiences Hayd (menses), then becomes clean. When she becomes clean he can divorce her once in the presence of two witnesses then leave her for three cycles of Hayd (menses). When three Hayd (menses)-free periods are over she becomes stranger to him and he becomes one of those who may propose for marriage. He can marry if he wants or not marry. If he marries with a new mahr (dower) she can live with him for the two remaining chances when only one is complete. If he divorces her once more in the presence of two witnesses, in a Hayd (menses)-free period, without sexual intercourse and then leaves her until her Hayd (menses)-free periods are over. If they are over before he goes back to her she then becomes stranger to him with control on her affairs and is free to marry. Her previous husband is now one of those who may propose for marriage if he likes to marry or not to marry. If he marries with a new marriage with a new mahr (dower) she can live with him for one more chance. Two chances are complete. If he decides to divorce her once more, she then is not lawful for him until she marries another man. “For divorce with the choice to go back to her he waits until she experiences Hayd (menses) and becomes clean, he arranges two witnesses for divorce; then goes back to her and to bed with her then waits for the next Hayd (menses)-free period. When she experiences Hayd (menses) and becomes clean, he arranges two witnesses for divorce, after which he goes back to go to bed with her. He then waits until after her Hayd (menses)-free period she experiences Hayd (menses) and becomes clean. He then arranges for two witnesses for another divorce and thereafter she becomes unlawful for him to marry forever until she marries another man. She must complete a waiting period for three Hayd (menses)-free periods from the day of the third divorce. If he divorces once in a Hayd (menses)-free period in the presence of witnesses and waits until she experiences Hayd (menses) and becomes clean then divorces her before he goes back to her the second divorce is not a divorce. It is because he has divorced one who is divorced; she was a divorced woman from her husband and out of his authority until he goes back to her. When he goes back to her then marriage comes in his authority until he divorces for the third time. Upon divorcing her for the third time, the authority to go back to her goes out of his hand. When he divorces her in a Hayd (menses)-free period, in the presence of witnesses, then goes back to her and waits until one Hayd (menses)-free period ends without sexual intercourse. She then experience Hayd (menses) and becomes clean then he divorces her before sexual intercourse after going back to her his divorce as such is not a divorce. It is because he has divorced her for the second time in the first Hayd (menses)-free period and a Hayd (menses)-free period cannot be broken without sexual intercourse after going back to her. In the same way, the third divorce cannot take place except by going back to her. After going back then she experiences Hayd (menses) and a Hayd (menses)-free period. He then divorces in the presence of witnesses until there is Hayd (menses)-free period after every divorce with sexual intercourse is a Hayd (menses)-free period and cleansing by sexual intercourse then divorce takes place in the presence of witnesses.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Asbahani from Sulayman ibn Dawud al-Minqari from Sufyan ibn ‘Uyayna from Mis‘ar ibn Kidam who has said the following. “(Imam) abu Ja’far (a.s.) has said, ‘The place where I may sit with one who I trust is more comforting to my soul than working for one whole year.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

5. It is narrated from him (narrator of previous Hadith) from Muhammad ibn Ali from Harun ibn Hamzah from Ali ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once asked me, ‘What has ‘Umar ibn Muslim done?’ I replied, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, ‘he has devoted himself in worship and has given up doing any business.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Fie upon him! Does he not know that the prayer of one who neglects work to make a living is not answered? A people of the companions of the Messenger of Allah, when this was revealed, “Those who maintain piety before Allah, He makes a way out for them and provides them sustenance from unexpected sources” (66:7), closed their doors and begun to worship. They said, “We have found what we needed.” This was reported to the Holy Prophet who called them in his presence and asked, “What made you do what you had been doing?” They replied, O Messenger of Allah, you guaranteed our sustenance, and thus, we devoted ourselves in worship.” He said, “Whoever does this his prayer is not answered. You must work for your living.’””

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Abu Ali al-Ash‘ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar, from Safwan ibn Yahya. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn Yahya who has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all of them from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn abu Nasr, from ‘Abd al-Karim, all from al-Hassan ibn Ziyad, who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the divorce according to Sunnah and how a man can divorce his wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must divorce her in a Hayd (menses)-free period at a time when she can commence her waiting period, in the presence of witnesses without going to bed with her. If he divorces her once then leaves until her waiting period is complete, she then becomes stranger to him and he is one of those who may propose marriage. If he goes back to her she then is with him for two more divorces. If he divorces her for the second time and leaves until her waiting period is complete, she becomes stranger to him. If he arranges witness for his going back to her before her waiting period is complete she is then with him after two divorces and one more is left. If he divorces her for the third time she becomes stranger to him and is not lawful for him until she marries another man. She inherits him during the waiting period of the two previous divorces in which he had the right to go back to her.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife in the presence of two just witnesses after going to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not a divorce,’ I then asked saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, how is divorce according to Sunnah ?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He divorces her after she becomes clean of Hayd (menses) in the presence of two just witnesses before going to bed with her as Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said in His book. (65:2) If it is against what Allah has said it must be returned to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he divorces, in the presence of one witness and two women, during a Hayd (menses)-free period in which he has not gone to bed with her?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Witnessing of women is not permissible in the case of divorce, however, it can be accepted along with other witnesses in a man-slaughter case if she is present.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if two Nasibiy men (people hostile to ‘ A’immah ) bear witness in the case of divorce, is it a divorce?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Whoever is born on al-Fitrah (proper belief) his testimony is accepted in the case of divorce after it is known that he does good deeds.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn ‘Udhaynah from ibn Bukayr and others who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has stated this Hadith. ‘The divorce which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, in His book has commanded to be formed and that which the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has established is that the man must remain away from the woman. When she experiences Hayd (menses) and becomes clean of her Hayd (menses), he must arrange two just witnesses for one divorce when she is clean of Hayd (menses) and sexual intercourse has not taken place. He has the right to go back to her as long as three menses cycles have not expired. Divorce other than being in this manner is invalid and is not a divorce/”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

8. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Jamil ibn Darraj from Zurarah who has said the following: “Divorce according to Sunnah takes place when the woman is clean of Hayd (menses) and is divorced in her place in the presence of witnesses without sexual intercourse. If he decides to go back to her he must arrange for witness to his going back (reversing his pronouncement of divorce).’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

9. Humayd ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, ‘If a man decides to divorce he must do so before her waiting period without sexual intercourse. If he divorces once then leaves until her waiting period is complete, he then can be one of those who may propose marriage if he so wills. If he goes back to her before waiting period is complete or afterward, she can live with him after one divorce. If he divorces a second time also he then proposes marriage as others may do, in case he did not go back before the end of waiting period, if he wants he can go back to her if he so wills before waiting period is complete and if he did then she is with him after two divorces. If he divorces her for the third time then she is not lawful for him before marriage with another man. She inherits and is inherited if one of them dies as long as she experiences Hayd (menses) after the two first divorces.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.