Divorce & Separation

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ الْإِيلَاءُ أَنْ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيضَنَّكِ [لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ‌] ثُمَّ يُغَاضِبَهَا ثُمَّ يَتَرَبَّصُ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَإِنْ فَاءَ وَ الْإِيفَاءُ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ أَهْلَهُ أَوْ يُطَلِّقَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا يَقَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا طَلَاقٌ حَتَّى يُوقَفَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ بَعْدَ ال

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘If one swears about his wife and it takes place by one’s saying, “By Allah, I will not have sexual intercourse with you so and so,” and says, “By Allah I must reduce you” and then become angry with her. He can wait for four months. After four months, he must be taken in cus

أَنَّهُمَا قَالا إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ أَنْ لَا يَقْرَبَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهَا قَوْلٌ وَ لَا حَقٌّ فِي الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ وَ لَا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ فِي كَفِّهِ عَنْهَا فِي الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ فَإِنْ مَضَتِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا فَسَكَتَتْ وَ رَضِيَتْ فَهُوَ فِي حِلٍّ وَ سَعَةٍ فَإِنْ رَفَعَتْ أَمْرَهَا قِيلَ لَهُ إِمَّا أَنْ تَفِي‌ءَ فَتَمَسَّهَا وَ إِمَّا أَنْ تُطَلِّقَ وَ عَ

“Abu Ja‘far, and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, have said, ‘If a man swears not to go near his wife, then he has no say and no right for four months; and it is not a sin on him to stay away from her for four months. When four months pass if he agrees to touch her and she remains silent and agrees, then it is fine.

إِنَّ الْمُؤْلِيَ يُجْبَرُ عَلَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ تَطْلِيقَةً بَائِنَةً. - وَ عَنْ غَيْرِ مَنْصُورٍ أَنَّهُ يُطَلِّقُ تَطْلِيقَةً يَمْلِكُ الرَّجْعَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِهِ إِنَّ هَذَا مُنْتَقِضٌ‌[2] فَقَالَ لَا الَّتِي تَشْكُو فَتَقُولُ يُجْبِرُنِي وَ يَضُرُّنِي وَ يَمْنَعُنِي مِنَ الزَّوْجِ‌[1] يُجْبَرُ عَلَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً بَائِنَةً وَ الَّتِي تَسْكُتُ وَ لَا تَشْكُو إِنْ شَاءَ يُطَلِّقُهَا

“One who swears is made to divorce in the form of a final divorce which makes the spouses strangers to each other. People other than Mansur have narrated that he divorces once but has the right to go back to her; and certain persons of his people have said to him that this is deleted. He replied that it is true if she

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ بَعْدَ مَا دَخَلَ بِهَا فَقَالَ إِذَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وُقِفَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ بَعْدَ حِينٍ فَإِنْ فَاءَ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ وَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ إِنْ عَزَمَ الطَّلَاقَ فَقَدْ عَزَمَ وَ قَالَ الْإِيلَاءُ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيضَنَّكِ [لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ‌] وَ لَأَسُوءَنَّكِ ثُمَّ يَهْجُرَهَا وَ لَا يُجَامِعَهَا حَتَّ

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who after going to bed with his wife swears not to go to bed with his wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘When four months pass he is taken in custody even after a while. If he expiates (finds a remedy), then it is fine and she is his wife. If he decides to divorce h

الْمُؤْلِي يُوقَفُ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ إِمْسَاكٌ‌ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ تَسْرِيحٌ بِإِحْسانٍ‌ فَإِنْ عَزَمَ الطَّلَاقَ فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ وَ هُوَ أَمْلَكُ بِرَجْعَتِهَا.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘One who swears not to go to bed with his wife is taken in custody after four months. He may keep her in a fair manner or leave her in the same way. If he decides to divorce it then is once and he has the right to go back to her.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْإِيلَاءِ مَا هُوَ فَقَالَ هُوَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيضَنَّكِ [لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ‌] فَيُتَرَبَّصَ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذُ فَيُوقَفُ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ فَإِنْ فَاءَ وَ هُوَ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ أَهْلَهُ‌ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ‌ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَفِئْ جُبِرَ عَلَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ وَ لَا يَقَ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about 7/a’ (swearing) and what it is. He (the Imam) said, ‘It takes place when a man says to his wife, ‘By Allah, I will not go to bed with you so and so, and says, ‘By Allah I will reduce you and then waits for four months. Thereafter he is taken in custody, if he expiates and reco

فِي الْمُؤْلِي إِذَا أَبَى أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ قَالَ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَجْعَلُ لَهُ حَظِيرَةً مِنْ قَصَبٍ وَ يَحْبِسُهُ فِيهَا وَ يَمْنَعُهُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَ‌[1].

abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if he refuses to divorce ’Amir al-Mu’minin has said, that an enclosure of reeds must be made for him and to keep him there without food and drink until he agrees to divorce.’”

إِذَا غَاضَبَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَلَمْ يَقْرَبْهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ يَمِينٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَاسْتَعْدَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَفِي‌ءَ وَ إِمَّا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ مُغَاضَبَةٍ أَوْ يَمِينٍ فَلَيْسَ بِمُؤْلٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man angers his wife and does not go to bed with her without swearing for four months and she complains against him, he then must expiate or divorce her. If he leaves her without anger or swearing, then the rules of 7/a’ (swearing) do not apply.’”

كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع إِذَا أَبَى الْمُؤْلِي أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ جَعَلَ لَهُ حَظِيرَةً مِنْ قَصَبٍ وَ أَعْطَاهُ رُبُعَ قُوتِهِ حَتَّى يُطَلِّقَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when a man because of 7/a’ (swearing) refused to divorce ’Amir al-Mu’minin placed him inside an enclosure and gave him one-fourth of his food and drink until he agreed to divorce.”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ فَقَالَ لِي لَوْ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ سُلْطَانٌ لَأَوْجَعْتُ رَأْسَهُ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ اللَّهُ أَحَلَّهَا لَكَ فَمَا حَرَّمَهَا عَلَيْكَ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى أَنْ كَذَبَ‌[3] فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَهُ حَرَامٌ وَ لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ طَلَاقٌ وَ لَا كَفَّارَةٌ فَقُلْتُ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ ما

‘You are unlawful for me.’ He (the Imam) said to me, ‘Had I control over him I would have hurt his head and said to him that Allah has made her lawful for you, then what has made her unlawful for you? In fact, the one who says it(‘You are unlawful for me’) has lied, because then he would claim that what Allah has made

قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ فَإِنَّا نُرْوَى بِالْعِرَاقِ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع جَعَلَهَا ثَلَاثاً فَقَالَ كَذَبُوا لَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا طَلَاقاً وَ لَوْ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ سُلْطَانٌ لَأَوْجَعْتُ رَأْسَهُ ثُمَّ أَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَحَلَّهَا لَكَ فَمَا ذَا حَرَّمَهَا عَلَيْكَ مَا زِدْتَ عَلَى أَنْ كَذَبْتَ فَقُلْتَ لِشَيْ‌ءٍ أَحَلَّهُ اللَّهُ لَكَ إِنَّهُ حَرَ

‘You are unlawful for me.’ We in Iraq narrate that Ali (a.s.), made it three times (divorce). He (the Imam) said, ‘They have spoken a lie. He (the Imam) did not make it (one’s saying, ‘You are unlawful for me’) a divorce. Had I the control over him I would have given him a headache. I then say to him that Allah, most M

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ وَ لَا طَلَاقٌ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says to his wife, ‘You are unlawful for me.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no expiation on him and it is not a divorce.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ أَبَاكَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَيَّرَ نِسَاءَهُ فَاخْتَرْنَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ فَلَمْ يُمْسِكْهُنَ‌[2] عَلَى طَلَاقٍ وَ لَوِ اخْتَرْنَ‌ أَنْفُسَهُنَّ لَبِنَّ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا حَدِيثٌ كَانَ يَرْوِيهِ أَبِي عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَ مَا لِلنَّاسِ وَ لِلْخِيَارِ إِنَّمَا هَذَا شَيْ‌ءٌ خَصَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِ رَسُولَهُ ص.

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that I once heard your father saying, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, offered his wives the choice and they chose Allah and His Messenger. He did not keep them for divorce. Had they chosen them

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ خَيَّرَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَاخْتَارَتْ نَفْسَهَا بَانَتْ مِنْهُ قَالَ لَا إِنَّمَا هَذَا شَيْ‌ءٌ كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص خَاصَّةً أُمِرَ بِذَلِكَ فَفَعَلَ وَ لَوِ اخْتَرْنَ أَنْفُسَهُنَّ لَطَلَّقَهُنَ‌[1] وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- قُلْ لِأَزْواجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَياةَ الدُّنْيا وَ زِينَتَها فَتَعالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَ أُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَراحاً جَمِيلًا[2].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives his wife the choice; if she becomes stranger for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, this was something especially for the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause . He (the Messenge

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنِفَ- لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص مِنْ مَقَالَةٍ قَالَتْهَا بَعْضُ نِسَائِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ آيَةَ التَّخْيِيرِ فَاعْتَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص نِسَاءَهُ تِسْعاً وَ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً فِي مَشْرَبَةِ أُمِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثُمَّ دَعَاهُنَّ فَخَيَّرَهُنَّ فَاخْتَرْنَهُ فَلَمْ يَكُ شَيْئاً[1] وَ لَوِ اخْتَرْنَ أَنْفُسَهُنَّ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً بَائِنَةً قَالَ وَ سَأَل

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, disdained and rejected the words of certain ones of his wives against the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant

ذَكَرَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّ زَيْنَبَ قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص لَا تَعْدِلُ وَ أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَ قَالَتْ حَفْصَةُ إِنْ طَلَّقَنَا وَجَدْنَا أَكْفَاءَنَا فِي قَوْمِنَا فَاحْتَبَسَ الْوَحْيُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص عِشْرِينَ يَوْماً قَالَ فَأَنِفَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِرَسُولِهِ فَأَنْزَلَ‌ يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْواجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَياةَ الدُّنْيا وَ زِينَتَها فَتَعالَيْنَ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Zaynab said, ‘You are not fair and you are the Messenger of Allah.’ Hafsah said, ‘If you divorce us we will find our match in our people.’ Revelation stopped coming to the Messenger of Allah for twenty days. He (the Imam) said that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, disdained and

إِنَّ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص لَا تَعْدِلُ وَ أَنْتَ نَبِيٌّ فَقَالَ تَرِبَتْ يَدَاكِ‌[1] إِذَا لَمْ أَعْدِلْ فَمَنْ يَعْدِلُ فَقَالَتْ دَعَوْتَ اللَّهَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لِيَقْطَعَ يَدَيَّ فَقَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ لَتَتْرَبَانِ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّكَ إِنْ طَلَّقْتَنَا وَجَدْنَا فِي قَوْمِنَا أَكْفَاءَنَا فَاحْتَبَسَ الْوَحْيُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص تِسْعاً وَ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that once Zaynab bint Jahash said to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, ‘You are not fair and you are the Prophet.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) replied, ‘May your hands become soiled, ‘If I am not fair then

لَا يَحِلُّ خُلْعُهَا حَتَّى تَقُولَ لِزَوْجِهَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُبِرُّ لَكَ قَسَماً وَ لَا أُطِيعُ لَكَ أَمْراً وَ لَا أَغْتَسِلُ لَكَ مِنْ جَنَابَةٍ وَ لَأُوطِئَنَّ فِرَاشَكَ وَ لآَذَنَنَّ عَلَيْكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِكَ‌[1] وَ قَدْ كَانَ النَّاسُ يُرَخِّصُونَ فِيمَا دُونَ هَذَا فَإِذَا قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ ذَلِكَ لِزَوْجِهَا حَلَّ لَهُ مَا أَخَذَ مِنْهَا فَكَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ عَلَى تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ بَاقِيَتَيْنِ وَ كَانَ ال

‘Al-Khul‘ (divorce for payment) is not lawful until she says to her husband, “By Allah, I will not honor your turn, will not obey your order, will not take Ghusl (bath) for you because of sexual intercourse, will not sit on your furnishing and I will give permission without your permission.” People applied KhuV for les

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ فَقَالَ لَا يَحِلُّ لِزَوْجِهَا أَنْ يَخْلَعَهَا حَتَّى تَقُولَ لَا أُبِرُّ لَكَ قَسَماً وَ لَا أُقِيمُ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فِيكَ وَ لَا أَغْتَسِلُ لَكَ مِنْ جَنَابَةٍ وَ لَأُوطِئَنَّ فِرَاشَكَ وَ لَأُدْخِلَنَّ بَيْتَكَ مَنْ تَكْرَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تَعْلَمَ هَذَا وَ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُونَهُمْ وَ تَكُونُ هِيَ الَّتِي تَقُولُ ذَلِكَ فَإِذَا هِيَ اخْتَلَعَتْ فَهِيَ بَائِنٌ وَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a woman divorced by means of al- Khul‘. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not lawful for him until she says, ‘I will not honor your turn, follow any of the laws of Allah about you, will not take Ghusl (bath) for you because of sexual intercourse, will not step on your fur

الْمُخْتَلِعَةُ الَّتِي تَقُولُ لِزَوْجِهَا اخْلَعْنِي وَ أَنَا أُعْطِيكَ مَا أَخَذْتُ مِنْكَ فَقَالَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً حَتَّى تَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُبِرُّ لَكَ قَسَماً وَ لَا أُطِيعُ لَكَ أَمْراً وَ لآَذَنَنَّ فِي بَيْتِكَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِكَ وَ لَأُوطِئَنَّ فِرَاشَكَ غَيْرَكَ فَإِذَا فَعَلَتْ ذَلِكَ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَعْلَمَهَا حَلَّ لَهُ مَا أَخَذَ مِنْهَا وَ كَانَتْ تَطْلِيقَةً بِغَيْ

‘The woman who is divorced by means of al-Khul‘, who says to her husband, ‘Divorce me and I pay what I have received from you.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not lawful for him to receive such payment until she says, ‘By Allah, I will not honor your turn, will not obey any of your orders, will allow people to enter your h

إِذَا خَلَعَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَ هُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنَ الْخُطَّابِ وَ لَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَخْلَعَهَا حَتَّى تَكُونَ هِيَ الَّتِي تَطْلُبُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُضِرَّ بِهَا وَ حَتَّى تَقُولَ لَا أُبِرُّ لَكَ قَسَماً وَ لَا أَغْتَسِلُ لَكَ مِنْ جَنَابَةٍ وَ لَأُدْخِلَنَّ بَيْتَكَ مَنْ تَكْرَهُ وَ لَأُوطِئَنَّ فِرَاشَكَ وَ لَا أُقِيمُ حُدُودَ اللَّهِ فَإِذَا كَانَ هَذَا مِنْهَا

‘I will not honor your turn, will not take Ghusl (bath) for you because of sexual intercourse, I will allow people whom you dislike to enter your house, allow your bed to be used by others and will not obey any of the laws of Allah about you.’ When this happens from her side, then it is fine for him to receive the paym

لَيْسَ يَحِلُّ خُلْعُهَا حَتَّى تَقُولَ لِزَوْجِهَا ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مِثْلَ مَا ذَكَرَ أَصْحَابُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ قَدْ كَانَ يُرَخَّصُ لِلنِّسَاءِ فِيمَا هُوَ دُونَ هَذَا فَإِذَا قَالَتْ لِزَوْجِهَا ذَلِكَ حَلَّ خُلْعُهَا وَ حَلَّ لِزَوْجِهَا مَا أَخَذَ مِنْهَا وَ كَانَتْ عَلَى تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ بَاقِيَتَيْنِ وَ كَانَ الْخُلْعُ تَطْلِيقَةً وَ لَا يَكُونُ الْكَلَامُ إِلَّا مِنْ عِنْدِهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ ل

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that al-KhuV is not permissible until she says to her husband ... he (the Imam) then mentioned what his people mention. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), then said, ’Less than such expressions was permitted for women and when she said such things to her husband then al-Khul ‘ became lawful for her

إِذَا قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ لِزَوْجِهَا جُمْلَةَ لَا أُطِيعُ لَكَ أَمْراً مُفَسَّراً أَوْ غَيْرَ مُفَسَّرٍ حَلَّ لَهُ مَا أَخَذَ مِنْهَا وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that if a woman says to her husband in general, ‘I will not obey any of your orders with or without explanation, then it is lawful for him to receive payment and he cannot do ruju’ (go back to her).”’

الْخُلْعُ وَ الْمُبَارَاةُ تَطْلِيقَةٌ بَائِنٌ وَ هُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنَ الْخُطَّابِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Al -Khul‘ and al-Mubarat (denouncing) is of the kind of divorce which makes the parties become strangers to each other and he becomes one of those who may propose marriage.’”

إِذَا قَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُطِيعُ لَكَ أَمْراً مُفَسَّراً أَوْ غَيْرَ مُفَسَّرٍ حَلَّ لَهُ مَا أَخَذَ مِنْهَا وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that when a woman says, ‘By Allah I will not obey any of your commands with or without explanation’, then whatever payment he receives from her becomes lawful for him and he cannot do ruju’ (go back to her).”’

جَمِيلٌ لِلرَّجُلِ مَا تَقُولُ رَضِيْتَ بِهَذَا الَّذِي أَخَذْتَ وَ تَرَكْتَهَا فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ جَمِيلٌ قُومُوا فَقَالُوا يَا أَبَا عَلِيٍّ لَيْسَ تُرِيدُ يَتْبَعُهَا الطَّلَاقُ قَالَ لَا قَالَ وَ كَانَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سَمَاعَةَ يَقُولُ يَتْبَعُهَا الطَّلَاقُ فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَ يَحْتَجُّ بِرِوَايَةِ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ عَنِ الْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ ع قَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع الْمُخْتَلِعَةُ يَتْبَعُهَا الطَّلَاقُ

thatJamil wanted al-Khul ‘ for his daughter from a certain persons of our people; that Jamil said to that man, ‘What do you say, do you agree with what you have received and leave her free?’ He replied, ‘Yes, I agree.’ Jamil then said to them, ‘You can get up and go.’ They asked, ‘O abu Ali, do you not want that divorc

فِي الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ إِنَّهَا لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ حَتَّى تَتُوبَ مِنْ قَوْلِهَا الَّذِي قَالَتْ لَهُ عِنْدَ الْخُلْعِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that a woman involved in al-Khul‘ cannot become lawful for him until she repents because of her statements that she has expressed when proceeding for al- Khul S’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُبَارَاةِ كَيْفَ هِيَ فَقَالَ يَكُونُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ شَيْ‌ءٌ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا مِنْ صَدَاقٍ أَوْ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ وَ يَكُونُ قَدْ أَعْطَاهَا بَعْضَهُ فَيَكْرَهُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فَتَقُولُ الْمَرْأَةُ لِزَوْجِهَا مَا أَخَذْتُ مِنْكَ فَهُوَ لِي وَ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْكَ فَهُوَ لَكَ وَ أُبَارِئُكَ فَيَقُولُ الرَّجُلُ لَهَا فَإِنْ أَنْتِ رَجَعْتِ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ مِمَّا تَرَكْتِ فَأَنَا أَحَقُّ بِبُضْعِكِ‌[2]

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about al-Mubarat and about how it takes place. He (the Imam) said, ’It happens when a man owes something to his wife like mahr (dower) or so, of which a certain amount is paid to her, then they dislike each other. The woman says to her husband, ‘Whatever I have received from you is

الْمُبَارِئَةُ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا دُونَ الصَّدَاقِ وَ الْمُخْتَلِعَةُ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا مَا شَاءَ أَوْ مَا تَرَاضَيَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ صَدَاقٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ وَ إِنَّمَا صَارَتِ الْمُبَارِئَةُ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا دُونَ الْمَهْرِ وَ الْمُخْتَلِعَةُ يُؤْخَذُ مِنْهَا مَا شَاءَ لِأَنَّ الْمُخْتَلِعَةَ تَعْتَدِي فِي الْكَلَامِ وَ تَكَلَّمُ بِمَا لَا يَحِلُّ لَهَا.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that in al-Mubarat (disavowing) he can receive an amount which is less than mahr (dower) but in al-Khul ‘ he can receive whatever he wants or on what both parties agree, like the amount of mahr (dower) or more. In al-Mubarat (disavowing) she pays less than mahr (dower) and in al-Khul ‘ he c

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِنْ بَارَأَتْ امْرَأَةٌ زَوْجَهَا فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ وَ هُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنَ الْخُطَّابِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if a woman demands for divorce in the manner of al- Mubarat (disavowing) it is a divorce only once, because of which he becomes one of those who can propose marriage with her.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ قَالَتْ لِزَوْجِهَا لَكَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ خَلِّ سَبِيلِي فَقَالَ هَذِهِ الْمُبَارَاةُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who says to her husband, ‘So and so amount is for you to set me free (from the bonds of marriage). He (the Imam) said, ‘This is al-Mubarat (disavowing).”’

الْمُبَارَاةُ تَقُولُ الْمَرْأَةُ لِزَوْجِهَا لَكَ مَا عَلَيْكَ وَ اتْرُكْنِي أَوْ تَجْعَلُ لَهُ مِنْ قِبَلِهَا شَيْئاً فَيَتْرُكُهَا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ فَإِنِ ارْتَجَعْتِ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ فَأَنَا أَمْلَكُ بِبُضْعِكِ وَ لَا يَحِلُّ لِزَوْجِهَا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا إِلَّا الْمَهْرَ فَمَا دُونَهُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that al-Mubarat (disavowing) takes place when a woman says to her husband, ‘Whatever you owe to me is for you and set me free (from the bond of marriage).’ Or she pays extra from her side so he sets her free, except that he can say that if she goes back in anything, then he will be more

الْمُبَارِئَةُ تَقُولُ لِزَوْجِهَا لَكَ مَا عَلَيْكَ وَ بَارِئْنِي وَ يَتْرُكُهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ فَيَقُولُ لَهَا فَإِنِ ارْتَجَعْتِ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ فَأَنَا أَمْلَكُ بِبُضْعِكِ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

’You can have whatever you owe to me and free me (from the bonds of marriage). He then sets her free (from the bonds of marriage).’ I (the narrator) then asked, ’Will he then say to her, "If you demand anything back then I will have more right than anyone else to have you as my wife”?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ تُبَارِئُ زَوْجَهَا أَوْ تَخْتَلِعُ مِنْهُ بِشَاهِدَيْنِ عَلَى طُهْرٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ هَلْ تَبِينُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْتَ فَنَعَمْ قَالَ قُلْتُ قَدْ رُوِيَ لَنَا أَنَّهَا لَا تَبِينُ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَتْبَعَهَا الطَّلَاقُ قَالَ فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ إِذاً خُلْعاً[1] فَقُلْتُ تَبِينُ مِنْهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a woman who arranges al-Mubarat (disavowing) or al-Khul ‘ in the presence of two witnesses, in a Hayd (menses)-free period and without sexual intercourse; if she becomes stranger to him. He (the Imam) said, ’Yes, if it happens as you said has happened.’ I then said, ‘It

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَلْ يَكُونُ خُلْعٌ أَوْ مُبَارَاةٌ إِلَّا بِطُهْرٍ فَقَالَ لَا يَكُونُ إِلَّا بِطُهْرٍ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), if al-Mubarat (disavowing) or al-Khul‘ can take place without Hayd (menses)-free period. He (the Imam) said, ‘It cannot take place without Hayd (menses)- free period.’”

لَا يَكُونُ طَلَاقٌ وَ لَا تَخْيِيرٌ وَ لَا مُبَارَاةٌ إِلَّا عَلَى طُهْرٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ بِشُهُودٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that no divorce, choice or al-Mubarat (disavowing) can take place without Hayd (menses)-free period, free from sexual intercourse and without the presence of witnesses.’”

قَالَ: لَا طَلَاقَ وَ لَا خُلْعَ وَ لَا مُبَارَاةَ وَ لَا خِيَارَ إِلَّا عَلَى طُهْرٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Divorce, al-Khul‘ , al-Mubarat (disavowing) and choice are only valid during a Hayd (menses)-free period in which sexual intercourse has not happened.’”

عِدَّةُ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ مِثْلُ عِدَّةِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ وَ خُلْعُهَا طَلَاقُهَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that waiting period for al-Khul‘ is like the waiting period for divorced woman and al-Khul‘ is her divorce.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ عِدَّةِ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ كَمْ هِيَ قَالَ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ وَ لْتَعْتَدَّ فِي بَيْتِهَا وَ الْمُبَارِئَةُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the waiting period of a woman in al-Khul‘. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is like the waiting period of a divorced woman and she must complete her waiting period in her home and a woman in al-Mubarat (disavowing) is the same as the one in al-Khul‘.’”

عِدَّةُ الْمُخْتَلِعَةِ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ وَ خُلْعُهَا طَلَاقُهَا قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ تُمَتَّعُ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ قَالَ لَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that waiting period for a woman in al-Khul‘ is like that of a divorced woman and her al-Khul‘ is her divorce.’ He (the narrator) has said that he then asked if she receives any benefits. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, she does not receive any benefits.’”

عِدَّتُهَا عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ وَ تَعْتَدُّ فِي بَيْتِهَا وَ الْمُخْتَلِعَةُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُبَارِئَةِ.

“About the case of a woman in al-Khul‘ abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Her waiting period is like the waiting period of a divorced woman. She must count her waiting period in her home and a woman of al-Khul‘ is like the woman in al-Mubarat (disavowing).”’

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ لِكُلِّ مُطَلَّقَةٍ مُتْعَةٌ إِلَّا الْمُخْتَلِعَةَ فَإِنَّهَا اشْتَرَتْ نَفْسَهَا.

‘Every divorced woman has the right to receive benefits except women in al-Khul‘ who purchase themselves.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ إِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خافَتْ‌ مِنْ بَعْلِها نُشُوزاً أَوْ إِعْراضاً[2] فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ فَهَمَّ بِطَلَاقِهَا قَالَتْ لَهُ أَمْسِكْنِي وَ أَدَعَ لَكَ بَعْضَ مَا عَلَيْكَ وَ أُحَلِّلَكَ مِنْ يَوْمِي وَ لَيْلَتِي حَلَّ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا.

‘If he intends to divorce her and she says to him, ‘Keep me; I will leave for you something of what you owe to me and wave my day and night.’ It is lawful for him and it is not a sin on anyone of them.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ إِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِها نُشُوزاً أَوْ إِعْراضاً فَقَالَ هِيَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ فَيَكْرَهُهَا فَيَقُولُ لَهَا إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُطَلِّقَكِ فَتَقُولُ لَهُ لَا تَفْعَلْ إِنِّي أَكْرَهُ أَنْ تُشْمَتَ بِي وَ لَكِنِ انْظُرْ فِي لَيْلَتِي فَاصْنَعْ بِهَا مَا شِئْتَ وَ مَا كَانَ سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ فَهُوَ لَكَ وَ دَعْنِي عَلَى حَالَتِي

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. ‘If a woman is afraid of disharmony from her husband or his disregarding her. . . .’ (4:128). He (the Imam) said, ‘She is a woman who is married and he dislikes her and tells her that he wants to divorce her. She then says, ‘Do

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ إِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِها نُشُوزاً أَوْ إِعْراضاً قَالَ هَذَا تَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الْمَرْأَةُ لَا تُعْجِبُهُ فَيُرِيدُ طَلَاقَهَا فَتَقُولُ لَهُ أَمْسِكْنِي وَ لَا تُطَلِّقْنِي وَ أَدَعَ لَكَ مَا عَلَى ظَهْرِكَ وَ أُعْطِيَكَ مِنْ مَالِي وَ أُحَلِّلَكَ مِنْ يَوْمِي وَ لَيْلَتِي فَقَدْ طَابَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ كُلُّهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘If a woman is afraid of disharmony from her husband or his disregarding her. . . .’ (4:128) He (the Imam) said, ‘This is a man who has a wife whom he does not like. He wants to divorce her, thus, she says to him, “Keep me and

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِها قَالَ لَيْسَ لِلْحَكَمَيْنِ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْمِرَا الرَّجُلَ وَ الْمَرْأَةَ وَ يَشْتَرِطَا عَلَيْهِمَا إِنْ شِئْنَا جَمَعْنَا وَ إِنْ شِئْنَا فَرَّقْنَا فَإِنْ جَمَعَا فَجَائِزٌ فَإِنْ فَرَّقَا فَجَائِزٌ[2].

‘The arbitrator cannot separate or unite them without first getting approval from the man and woman and a stipulation that their decision of separating or uniting them must be treated binding. Thus, if they decided for separation or unification it is permissible.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِها أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنِ اسْتَأْذَنَ الْحَكَمَانِ فَقَالا لِلرَّجُلِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ جَعَلْتُمَا أَمْرَكُمَا إِلَيْنَا فِي الْإِصْلَاحِ وَ التَّفْرِيقِ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ نَعَمْ فَأَشْهَدَا بِذَلِكَ شُهُوداً عَلَيْهِمَا أَ يَجُوزُ تَفْرِيقُهُمَا عَلَيْهِمَا قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people’ who then by the permission of both parties and with their stipulation that their decision must be accepted as binding. They then agree in the presence of w

الْمَفْقُودُ إِذَا مَضَى لَهُ أَرْبَعُ سِنِينَ بَعَثَ الْوَالِي أَوْ يَكْتُبُ إِلَى النَّاحِيَةِ الَّتِي هُوَ غَائِبٌ فِيهَا فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ أَثَرٌ أَمَرَ الْوَالِي وَلِيَّهُ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهَا فَمَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهَا تَقُولُ فَإِنِّي أُرِيدُ مَا تُرِيدُ النِّسَاءُ قَالَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهَا وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُنْفِقْ عَلَيْهَا وَلِيُّهُ أَوْ وَكِيلُ

“Once abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who is absent and missing. He (the Imam) said, ‘If one is absent and missing for four years the authorities must send in writing to the area where he has disappeared, and if no trace of him is found the authority then commands his guardian to provide maint

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَفْقُودِ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِامْرَأَتِهِ قَالَ مَا سَكَتَتْ عَنْهُ وَ صَبَرَتْ يُخَلَّى عَنْهَا فَإِنْ هِيَ رَفَعَتْ أَمْرَهَا إِلَى الْوَالِي أَجَّلَهَا أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ يَكْتُبُ إِلَى الصُّقْعِ الَّذِي فُقِدَ فِيهِ فَلْيُسْأَلْ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ خُبِّرَ عَنْهُ بِحَيَاةٍ صَبَرَتْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُخْبَرْ عَنْهُ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ الْأَرْبَعُ سِنِينَ دُعِيَ وَلِيُّ الزَّوْ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is absent and missing and about how to deal with the issue of his wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘If she is silent and has exercised patience, she is not disturbed, but if she brings her case before the authorities she will be told to wait for four years. Ther

نَعَمْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلِيٌّ طَلَّقَهَا السُّلْطَانُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ قَالَ الْوَلِيُّ أَنَا أُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ فَلَا يُجْبَرُ عَلَى طَلَاقِهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ قَالَتْ أَنَا أُرِيدُ مِثْلَ مَا تُرِيدُ النِّسَاءُ وَ لَا أَصْبِرُ وَ لَا أَقْعُدُ كَمَا أَنَا قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهَا ذَلِكَ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ إِذَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا[2].

“About the case of a woman whose husband is missing and absent for four years, has not provided her maintenance and it is not known if he is alive or not, if his guardian is compelled to divorce her. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he is compelled to do so. If he does not have any guardian, the authority and al- Sultan divor