Divorce & Separation

هِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ الَّتِي لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا إِنْ كَانَ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْراً فَلَهَا نِصْفُهُ وَ هِيَ تَرِثُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْراً فَلَا مَهْرَ لَهَا وَ هِيَ تَرِثُهُ قُلْتُ وَ الْعِدَّةُ قَالَ كُفَّ عَنْ هَذَا.

“About the case of a woman whose husband dies before going to bed with her, abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘She is like a divorced woman with whom he has not gone to bed. If mahr (dower) is set for her she deserves one-half of it, otherwise, she does not have the right to demand mahr (dower) but she has the right to

تَعْتَدُّ بِأَبْعَدِ الْأَجَلَيْنِ.

“About the case of a woman divorced irrevocably if her husband dies, he (the Imam), ‘Alayhim al- Salam, has said, ‘She must count her waiting period according to the longer of the two forms of waiting periods.’”

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا قَالَ تَرِثُهُ وَ إِنْ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا فَإِنَّهُ يَرِثُهَا وَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا يَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَةِ صَاحِبِهِ مَا لَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَحَدُهُمَا الْآخَرَ وَ زَادَ فِيهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ وَ تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَمَاعَةَ وَ هَذَا الْكَلَ

3. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn Sama‘ah from Muhammad ibn Ziyad from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has stated this Hadith. ’Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment in the case of a man who divorced his wife; then died; when she counted her waiting period, that

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ طُلِّقَتْ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا وَ لَمْ تَحْرُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهَا تَرِثُهُ ثُمَّ تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ إِنْ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا وَ لَمْ تَحْرُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهُ يَرِثُهَا.

“I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘If a woman is divorced and her husband dies before her waiting period ends, when she has not become stranger to him, she inherits his legacy and must complete a waiting period for a widow. If she dies before the end of her waiting period when she has not become stranger to him,

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَرِيضِ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ إِنْ شَاءَ فَإِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا وَرِثَتْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا فَنِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ‌[1].

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is ill; if he can divorce his wife in such condition. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot divorce, however, he can marry if he wants and if he goes to bed with her, she inherits his legacy but if he did not go to bed with her his marriage is invalid.’”

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَةً فِي مَرَضِهِ ثُمَّ مَكَثَتْ فِي مَرَضِهِ حَتَّى انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا فَإِنَّهَا تَرِثُهُ مَا لَمْ تَتَزَوَّجْ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ تَزَوَّجَتْ بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَرِثُهُ.

“About the case of a man who divorces his wife once during his illness and waits until her waiting period ends she inherits him as long as she does not marry; but if she marries after her waiting period she then does not inherit his legacy.’”

إِنْ مَاتَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَ لَمْ تَتَزَوَّجْ وَرِثَتْهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَقَدْ رَضِيَتْ بِالَّذِي صَنَعَ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهَا.

“About the case of a man who divorces his wife during his illness, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If he dies from his illness and she has not married, she inherits his legacy. If she has married then she has agreed with what she has done, thus, she does have the right to inherit.’”

لَا يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْمَرِيضِ وَ يَجُوزُ نِكَاحُهُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One’s divorcing during his illness is not permissible, however, his marriage is permissible.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ حَتَّى مَضَى لِذَلِكَ سَنَةٌ قَالَ تَرِثُهُ إِذَا كَانَ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي طَلَّقَهَا وَ لَمْ يَصِحَّ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife during his illness and one year passes. He (the Imam) said, ‘She inherits if it is during his illness in which he divorced her, but not in between (she does not inherit if divorce takes place between two illnesses).”’

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ تَطْلِيقَةً وَ قَدْ كَانَ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ قَالَ فَإِنَّهَا تَرِثُهُ إِذَا كَانَ فِي مَرَضِهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا حَدُّ الْمَرَضِ قَالَ لَا يَزَالُ مَرِيضاً حَتَّى يَمُوتَ وَ إِنْ طَالَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى السَّنَةِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife once when he is ill and he had divorced her twice before. He (the Imam) said, ‘She inherits his legacy if it was during his illness.’ I then asked, ‘What is the limit of illness?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The illness which continues until he

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَرِثَتْهُ مَا دَامَ فِي مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَصِحَّ مِنْهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ طَالَ بِهِ الْمَرَضُ قَالَ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ سَنَةٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man divorces his wife during his illness she inherits his legacy as long as it is in his illness even if her waiting period ends unless he gets well from that illness.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if the illness prolongs?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is up to one year.’”

لَيْسَ لِلْمَرِيضِ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ وَ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One cannot divorce his wife in his illness but his marriage is permissible.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ قَالَ تَرِثُهُ مَا دَامَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا وَ إِنْ طَلَّقَهَا فِي حَالِ إِضْرَارٍ[1] فَهِيَ تَرِثُهُ إِلَى سَنَةٍ فَإِنْ زَادَ عَلَى السَّنَةِ يَوْماً وَاحِداً لَمْ تَرِثْهُ وَ تَعْتَدُّ مِنْهُ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife when he is ill. He (the Imam) said that she inherits his legacy. She inherits him as long as she is in her waiting period. If he has divorced her in a condition that harms her, she inherits him up to one year; and if it is more than one

فِي رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ فِي صِحَّةٍ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَ التَّطْلِيقَةَ الثَّالِثَةَ وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ إِنَّهَا تَرِثُهُ مَا دَامَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ إِلَى سَنَةٍ.

“About the case of a man who divorces his wife twice when he is not ill and the third divorce is in his illness, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘She inherits him as long as he is ill even if it prolongs for one year.’”

نَعَمْ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ وَرِثَتْهُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَتْ لَمْ يَرِثْهَا.

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who is about to die, and he divorces his wife; if such divorce is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible and if he dies she inherits his legacy but if she dies he does not inherit her legacy.’”

لَيْسَ لِلْمَرِيضِ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ وَ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ فَإِنْ هُوَ تَزَوَّجَ وَ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا حَتَّى مَاتَ فِي مَرَضِهِ فَنِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ وَ لَا مَهْرَ لَهَا وَ لَا مِيرَاثَ.

“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘A man in his illness must not divorce his wife; but he can marry a woman. If he marries and goes to bed with her, it is permissible; and if he did not go to bed with her until he dies from that illness, his marriage is invalid and she d

لَا يُضَارَّ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا فَيُضَيِّقَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَنْتَقِلَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ‌ وَ لا تُضآرُّوهُنَ‌ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيْهِنَ‌[4]. - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مِثْلَهُ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘A man must not harm his wife when he divorces her to make it difficult for her so she is forced to move away before the end of her waiting period. Al

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ طَلَاقِ الْغُلَامِ لَمْ يَحْتَلِمْ وَ صَدَقَتِهِ فَقَالَ إِذَا طَلَّقَ لِلسُّنَّةِ وَ وَضَعَ الصَّدَقَةَ فِي مَوْضِعِهَا وَ حَقِّهَا فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ هُوَ جَائِزٌ[1].

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the divorce of a boy who is not mature yet, and his charity. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he divorces according to Sunnah and places charity in the proper place where it rightly belongs, it is not unlawful and it is permissible.’”

لَيْسَ طَلَاقُ الصَّبِيِّ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that divorce of a child does not have any valid effect.’”

لَا يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الصَّبِيِّ وَ لَا السَّكْرَانِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Divorce by a child and one who is drunk do not have any valid effect.’”

[لَا] يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْغُلَامِ إِذَا كَانَ قَدْ عَقَلَ وَ وَصِيَّتُهُ وَ صَدَقَتُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَحْتَلِمْ. - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ فَضَّالٍ عَنِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مِثْلَهُ.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from a number of his people from ibn Bukayr who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘Divorce by a child is [not] permissible if he understands as well as his will and charity and even if he does not

[لَا] يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الصَّبِيِّ إِذَا بَلَغَ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ‌[3].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that divorce by a child is [not] permissible when he becomes ten years old.”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ الْأَحْمَقُ الذَّاهِبُ الْعَقْلِ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ وَلِيِّهِ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ وَ لِمَ لَا يُطَلِّقُ هُوَ قُلْتُ لَا يُؤْمَنُ إِنْ طَلَّقَ هُوَ أَنْ يَقُولَ غَداً لَمْ أُطَلِّقْ أَوْ لَا يُحْسِنُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ قَالَ مَا أَرَى وَلِيَّهُ إِلَّا بِمَنْزِلَةِ السُّلْطَانِ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a mental condition and his reason is gone; if divorce by his guardian is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘Why does he not divorce?’ I replied, ‘He does not feel safe because tomorrow he may say that he did not divorce or he does not know how to do i

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ يَعْرِفُ رَأْيَهُ مَرَّةً وَ يُنْكِرُهُ أُخْرَى يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ وَلِيِّهِ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ مَا لَهُ هُوَ لَا يُطَلِّقُ قُلْتُ لَا يَعْرِفُ حَدَّ الطَّلَاقِ- وَ لَا يُؤْمَنُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ طَلَّقَ الْيَوْمَ أَنْ يَقُولَ غَداً لَمْ أُطَلِّقْ قَالَ مَا أَرَاهُ إِلَّا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْإِمَامِ يَعْنِي الْوَلِيَّ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who sometime understands and sometimes does not understand: if his divorce by his guardian is permissible. He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is the matter with him, why does he not divorce?’ I replied, ‘He does not know the rules of divorce and does not feel safe. P

أَنَّ الْمُوَلَّهَ‌[1] لَيْسَ لَهُ طَلَاقٌ وَ لَا عِتْقُهُ عِتْقٌ.

“Abu Ja‘far, and abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), have said, ‘Divorce by al-Muwallah (confused, excited, awestruck); one’s divorce and setting free of slaves is not valid.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ طَلَاقِ الْمَعْتُوهِ الذَّاهِبِ الْعَقْلِ أَ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُهُ قَالَ لَا وَ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا كَانَتْ كَذَلِكَ أَ يَجُوزُ بَيْعُهَا أَوْ صَدَقَتُهَا قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a mental condition whose reason has gone; if his divorce is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’ About a woman of the same condition if her selling and charity is permissible, he (the Imam) said, ‘It is not permissible.’”

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ الْمَعْتُوهُ الَّذِي لَا يُحْسِنُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ يُطَلِّقُ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ عَلَى السُّنَّةِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ جَهِلَ فَطَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثاً فِي مَقْعَدٍ قَالَ يُرَدُّ إِلَى السُّنَّةِ فَإِذَا مَضَتْ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةُ قُرُوءٍ فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ بِوَاحِدَةٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man because of a mental condition cannot divorce properly, his guardian must do it for him according to Sunnah .’ I then asked, ‘What happens if because of ignorance he divorced her three times at the same place and time?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is returned to the Sunnah and whe

كُلُّ طَلَاقٍ جَائِزٌ إِلَّا طَلَاقَ الْمَعْتُوهِ أَوِ الصَّبِيِّ أَوْ مُبَرْسَمٍ أَوْ مَجْنُونٍ أَوْ مَكْرُوهٍ‌[1].

‘Divorce is permissible except divorce by a man with mental condition, a child or Mubarsam, (suffering from a disease of diaphragm), an insane or a coerced one.”’

يُطَلِّقُ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ فَإِنِّي أَرَاهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْإِمَامِ.

“About the case of a man suffering from a mental condition, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘His guardian divorces for him because I see him like the Imam (for him).”’

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ طَلَاقِ السَّكْرَانِ فَقَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the divorce of a drunken man. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not permissible and it is not an honorable thing.”’

لَيْسَ طَلَاقُ السَّكْرَانِ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Divorce of a drunken man does not have any valid effect.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ طَلَاقِ السَّكْرَانِ فَقَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the divorce of a drunken man. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not permissible and it is not an honorable thing.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ طَلَاقِ السَّكْرَانِ فَقَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ وَ لَا عِتْقُهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the divorce of a drunken man. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not permissible as well as his setting free of slaves.’”

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مُسْلِماً مَرَّ بِقَوْمٍ- لَيْسُوا بِسُلْطَانٍ فَقَهَرُوهُ حَتَّى يَتَخَوَّفَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ أَوْ يُطَلِّقَ فَفَعَلَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ.

‘If a Muslim man passes by a people who do have not any valid authority and they force him, he fears for his life, to set free a slave or divorce and he complies, it does not have any valid effect against him/”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ طَلَاقِ الْمُكْرَهِ وَ عِتْقِهِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ طَلَاقُهُ بِطَلَاقٍ وَ لَا عِتْقُهُ بِعِتْقٍ فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي رَجُلٌ تَاجِرٌ أَمُرُّ بِالْعَشَّارِ وَ مَعِي مَالٌ فَقَالَ غَيِّبْهُ مَا اسْتَطَعْتَ وَ ضَعْهُ مَوَاضِعَهُ فَقُلْتُ وَ إِنْ حَلَّفَنِي بِالطَّلَاقِ وَ الْعَتَاقِ فَقَالَ احْلِفْ لَهُ ثُمَّ أَخَذَ تَمْرَةً فَحَفَنَ بِهَا مِنْ زُبْدٍ[1] كَانَ قُدَّامَهُ فَقَالَ مَا أُبَالِي حَلَفْتُ لَهُمْ بِالطّ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the divorce of a man who is coerced and about his setting free slaves. He (the Imam) said, ‘His divorce is not a divorce and his setting free slaves is not valid freedom/ I then said, ‘I am a merchant and I pass by a one-tenth tax collector, with certain amount of assets with me/

سَأَلْتُ الْعَبْدَ الصَّالِحَ ع وَ هُوَ بِالْعُرَيْضِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي قَدْ تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً وَ كَانَ تُحِبُّنِي فَتَزَوَّجْتُ عَلَيْهَا ابْنَةَ خَالِي وَ قَدْ كَانَ لِي مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَلَدٌ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى بَغْدَادَ فَطَلَّقْتُهَا وَاحِدَةً ثُمَّ رَاجَعْتُهَا ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُهَا الثَّانِيَةَ ثُمَّ رَاجَعْتُهَا ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِهَا أُرِيدُ سَفَرِي هَذَا حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ بِالْك

“I once asked Allah’s virtuous servant (a.s.), when he was in al-‘Arid, (name of a place) saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I married a woman who loved me. I then married the daughter of my maternal uncle and from the woman I had a son. I returned to Baghdad and divorced her once, then

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ لَا يَجُوزُ الطَّلَاقُ فِي اسْتِكْرَاهٍ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ عِتْقٌ فِي اسْتِكْرَاهٍ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ يَمِينٌ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ وَ لَا فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَلَفَ أَوْ حُلِّفَ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ‌ هَذَا وَ فَعَلَهُ فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ وَ إِنَّمَا الطَّلَاقُ مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ الطَّلَاقُ مِنْ غَيْرِ اسْتِكْرَاهٍ وَ لَا إِضْرَارٍ عَلَى الْعِدَّةِ وَ السُّنَّةِ عَلَى طُهْرٍ بِغَي

‘Divorce under coercion is not permissible or setting free of a slave. It is not permissible to swear for cutting off good relations with relatives or for a sinful act in disobedience to Allah. Thus, whoever swears or is made to swear about something of this kind, it does not have any valid effect on him. Divorce is wh

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَمُرُّ بِالْعَشَّارِ وَ مَعِي مَالٌ فَيَسْتَحْلِفُنِي فَإِنْ حَلَفْتُ لَهُ تَرَكَنِي وَ إِنْ لَمْ أَحْلِفْ لَهُ فَتَّشَنِي وَ ظَلَمَنِي فَقَالَ احْلِفْ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ يَسْتَحْلِفُنِي بِالطَّلَاقِ فَقَالَ احْلِفْ لَهُ فَقُلْتُ فَإِنَّ الْمَالَ لَا يَكُونُ لِي قَالَ فَعَنْ مَالِ أَخِيكَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص رَدَّ طَلَاقَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَ قَدْ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثاً وَ هِيَ حَائ

“I pass by one-tenth tax collector for trading with a certain amount of assets with me and the party (tax collector) asks me to swear. If I swear he allows me to go, but if I do not swear he searches my assets and does injustice to me. He (the Imam) said, ‘You can swear for him.’ I then said, ‘He asks me to swear in th

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الْمَرْأَةُ ثُمَّ يَصْمُتُ فَلَا يَتَكَلَّمُ قَالَ يَكُونُ أَخْرَسَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ فَيُعْلَمُ مِنْهُ بُغْضٌ لِامْرَأَتِهِ وَ كَرَاهَتُهُ لَهَا أَ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ يَكْتُبُ وَ يُشْهِدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ لَا يَكْتُبُ وَ لَا يَسْمَعُ كَيْفَ يُطَلِّقُهَا فَقَالَ بِالَّذِي يُعْرَفُ مِنْهُ مِنْ فِعَالِهِ مِثْلِ مَا ذَكَرْ

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who is mute, does not speak and has a wife. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Is he speechless?’ I replied, ‘Yes, he is speechless and it is seen that he hates his wife and dislikes her. Is it permissible for his guardian to divorce on his behalf?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ طَلَاقِ الْخَرْسَاءِ قَالَ يَلُفُّ قِنَاعَهَا عَلَى رَأْسِهَا وَ يَجْذِبُهُ‌[2].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is speechless. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must wrap her scarf around her head, then pull it away.’”

طَلَاقُ الْأَخْرَسِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِقْنَعَتَهَا فَيَضَعَهَا عَلَى رَأْسِهَا وَ يَعْتَزِلَهَا.

‘Divorce by a speechless man can happen by his placing her headscarf on her head and then taking it away from her head.’”

إِذَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي قُبُلِ الطُّهْرِ بِشُهُودٍ وَ فُهِمَ عَنْهُ كَمَا يُفْهَمُ عَنْ مِثْلِهِ وَ يُرِيدُ الطَّلَاقَ جَازَ طَلَاقُهُ عَلَى السُّنَّةِ.

the divorce for his wife. He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘If he has done so during a Hayd (menses)-free period in the presence of witnesses and it is understood from him as it is understood from people like him who decide to divorce, his divorce is permissible according to Sunnah.

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ أَمْرَ امْرَأَتِهِ إِلَى رَجُلٍ فَقَالَ اشْهَدُوا أَنِّي جَعَلْتُ أَمْرَ فُلَانَةَ إِلَى فُلَانٍ أَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ لِلرَّجُلِ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has left the affair of his wife to another man saying, ‘Bear witness that I have left the affairs of so and so, to so and so; if it is permissible for the man. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’ ”

اشْهَدُوا أَنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُ أَمْرَ فُلَانَةَ إِلَى فُلَانٍ فَيُطَلِّقُهَا أَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ لِلرَّجُلِ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“About the case of a man who leaves the affairs of his wife to a man to deal with saying, ‘Bear witness that I have left the affairs of so and so, to so and so to deal with; if it is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is permissible.’”

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ فِي رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ طَلَاقَ امْرَأَتِهِ بِيَدِ رَجُلَيْنِ فَطَلَّقَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَ أَبَى الْآخَرُ فَأَبَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنْ يُجِيزَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَا جَمِيعاً عَلَى طَلَاقٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that about the case of a man who had left the affairs of his wife to two men to deal with; of whom one divorced her but the other one refused, ’Amir al- Mu’minin also refused to approve it unless both agreed to divorce her.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ وَكَّلَ رَجُلًا بِطَلَاقِ امْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا حَاضَتْ وَ طَهُرَتْ وَ خَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ فَبَدَا لَهُ فَأَشْهَدَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَبْطَلَ مَا كَانَ أَمَرَهُ بِهِ وَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ بَدَا لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ فَلْيُعْلِمْ أَهْلَهُ وَ لْيُعْلِمِ الْوَكِيلَ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who appoints a man to divorce his wife after she experiences Hayd (menses) and becomes clean and he himself goes away; but he changes his mind and arranges witnesses that he has changed his mind. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must inform his wife and his attorney a

‌ فِي رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ طَلَاقَ امْرَأَتِهِ بِيَدِ رَجُلَيْنِ فَطَلَّقَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَ أَبَى الْآخَرُ فَأَبَى عَلِيٌّ ع أَنْ يُجِيزَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَا عَلَى الطَّلَاقِ جَمِيعاً. - وَ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّهُ لَا تَجُوزُ الْوَكَالَةُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ

‘The other man should also agree about divorce to have the agreement of both people.’” It is also narrated that attorney in divorce is not permissible.’”

لَا تَجُوزُ الْوَكَالَةُ فِي الطَّلَاقِ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سَمَاعَةَ وَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ نَأْخُذُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not permissible to appoint an attorney in divorce.’” Al-Hassan ibn Sama‘ah has narrated that this is the Hadith which we follow.

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي الْإِيلَاءِ إِذَا آلَى الرَّجُلُ أَنْ لَا يَقْرَبَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ لَا يَمَسَّهَا وَ لَا يَجْمَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَ رَأْسَهَا فَهُوَ فِي سَعَةٍ مَا لَمْ تَمْضِ الْأَرْبَعَةُ الْأَشْهُرِ فَإِذَا مَضَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وُقِفَ فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَفِي‌ءَ فَيَمَسَّهَا وَ إِمَّا أَنْ يَعْزِمَ عَلَى الطَّلَاقِ فَيُخَلِّيَ عَنْهَا حَتَّى إِذَا حَاضَتْ وَ طَهُرَتْ مِنْ حَيْضِهَا طَلَّقَهَ

‘If a man swears not to go to bed with his wife, not to touch her and not to place his head next to her head, he then has the choice before passing of four months. When four months pass he then must be taken in custody to reach a settlement and go to bed with her, or decide to divorce, thus, he must leave her until she

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَهْجُرُ امْرَأَتَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ وَ لَا يَمِينٍ سَنَةً لَمْ يَقْرَبْ فِرَاشَهَا قَالَ لِيَأْتِ أَهْلَهُ وَ قَالَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ الْإِيلَاءُ أَنْ يَقُولَ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيضَنَّكِ [لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ‌] ثُمَّ يُغَاضِبَهَا فَإِنَّهُ يَتَرَبَّصُ بِهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذُ بَع

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who separates from his wife without divorce and swearing. He does not go near her bed for one year. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must go to his wife.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If one swears about his wife, it takes place by one’s saying, “No, by Allah, I will not