Divorce & Separation

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَفْقُودِ فَقَالَ إِنْ عَلِمَتْ أَنَّهُ فِي أَرْضٍ فَهِيَ مُنْتَظِرَةٌ لَهُ أَبَداً حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهَا مَوْتُهُ أَوْ يَأْتِيَهَا طَلَاقُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَيْنَ هُوَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ كُلِّهَا وَ لَمْ يَأْتِهَا مِنْهُ كِتَابٌ وَ لَا خَبَرٌ فَإِنَّهَا تَأْتِي الْإِمَامَ فَيَأْمُرُهَا أَنْ تَنْتَظِرَ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ فَيُطْلَبُ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ أَثَرٌ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ الْأَرْ

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who is absent and missing. He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is known that he is in a certain location she waits for ever until the news of his death comes or her divorce. If it is not known where he is and no letter comes from him or any news, she then comes to the

إِذَا نُعِيَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَوْ خَبَّرُوهَا أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا فَاعْتَدَّتْ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ الْأَوَّلَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنْ هَذَا الْآخَرِ دَخَلَ بِهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا وَ لَهَا مِنَ الْأَخِيرِ الْمَهْرُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا قَالَ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْآخَرِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا أَبَداً. - أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الرَّزَّازُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ نُ

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Musa ibn Bakr from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If a woman receives news of the death of her husband or she is informed about her being divorced by her husband and she counts her waitin

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ شَهِدَا عَلَى رَجُلٍ غَائِبٍ عِنْدَ امْرَأَةٍ أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا فَاعْتَدَّتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الزَّوْجَ الْغَائِبَ قَدِمَ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُطَلِّقْهَا وَ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ أَحَدُ الشَّاهِدَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَا سَبِيلَ لِلْأَخِيرِ عَلَيْهَا وَ يُؤْخَذُ الصَّدَاقُ‌[1] مِنَ الَّذِي شَهِدَ فَيُرَدُّ عَلَى الْأَخِيرِ وَ الْأَوَّلُ أَمْلَكُ بِهَا وَ تَعْتَدُّ مِنَ الْأَخِ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a woman before whom two men testify that her absent husband has divorced her and she counts waiting period then marries; then the absent husband comes. He says that he has not divorced her and one of the two testifying people says that he has lied. He (the Imam) said,

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَسِبَ أَهْلُهُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ فَنَكَحَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ سُرِّيَّتُهُ فَوَلَدَتْ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا الْأَوَّلُ وَ مَوْلَى السُّرِّيَّةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ يَأْخُذُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا وَ يَأْخُذُ سُرِّيَّتَهُ وَ وَلَدَهَا أَوْ يَأْخُذُ عِوَضاً مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ‌[1].

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man whose wife thinks that he has died or is killed; thus she marries as well as his slave-girl and both give birth to their husband; then the first husband comes and the master of the slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘He takes back his wife because he has the right t

فِي شَاهِدَيْنِ شَهِدَا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ بِأَنَّ زَوْجَهَا طَلَّقَهَا أَوْ مَاتَ فَتَزَوَّجَتْ ثُمَّ جَاءَ زَوْجُهَا قَالَ يُضْرَبَانِ الْحَدَّ وَ يُضَمَّنَانِ الصَّدَاقَ لِلزَّوْجِ بِمَا غَرَّاهُ ثُمَّ تَعْتَدُّ وَ تَرْجِعُ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ‌[2].

“About the case of two witnesses who testify that a woman’s husband has divorced her or that he has died, thus, she marries, then the husband comes, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this Hadith. ‘They are whipped for their crime. They are held responsible for the mahr (dower) to be paid to the husband for deceit; then

إِذَا نُعِيَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَوْ خَبَّرُوهَا أَنَّهُ قَدْ طَلَّقَهَا فَاعْتَدَّتْ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا الْأَوَّلُ قَالَ الْأَوَّلُ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ دَخَلَ بِهَا أَوْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا وَ لَهَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ الْمَهْرُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If a woman receives news of the death of her husband or she is informed about her being divorced by her husband and she counts her waiting period and thereafter marries, then her previous husband comes. The first one is more rightful than the second one, regardless, he (the second) has go

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ نُعِيَ إِلَيْهَا زَوْجُهَا فَاعْتَدَّتْ وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَجَاءَ زَوْجُهَا الْأَوَّلُ فَفَارَقَهَا وَ فَارَقَهَا الْآخَرُ كَمْ تَعْتَدُّ لِلنَّاسِ قَالَ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ وَ إِنَّمَا يُسْتَبْرَأُ رَحِمُهَا بِثَلَاثَةِ قُرُوءٍ تُحِلُّهَا لِلنَّاسِ كُلِّهِمْ قَالَ زُرَارَةُ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ أُنَاساً قَالُوا تَعْتَدُّ عِدَّتَيْنِ مِنْ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ عِدَّةً فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ أَبُو جَعْف

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a woman who receives news of the death of her husband and she counts her waiting period; then marries. Then her first husband comes. She then separates from him and he from her and about how long is her waiting period. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is three Hayd (menses)-fre

فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ النَّخَعِيُّ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تَعْتَدَّ عِدَّتَيْنِ فَحَمَلَهَا زُرَارَةُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَالَ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ.

“About the case of a woman who receives news of the death of her husband, then she marries; then her first husband comes who divorces her and also the second husband divorces. Ibrahim al-Nakha‘iy has said that she must count two waiting periods. Zurarah then took the question to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), who said that she has

سُئِلَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ خَصِيٍّ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ فَرَضَ لَهَا صَدَاقاً وَ هِيَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ خَصِيٌّ فَقَالَ جَائِزٌ فَقِيلَ إِنَّهُ مَكَثَ مَعَهَا مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا هَلْ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَ لَيْسَ قَدْ لَذَّ مِنْهَا وَ لَذَّتْ مِنْهُ قِيلَ لَهُ فَهَلْ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا فِيمَا كَانَ يَكُونُ مِنْهُ وَ مِنْهَا غُسْلٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتْ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ أَمْنَت

“Once abu Ja’far (a.s.), was asked about the case of a castrated man who marries a woman, assigns mahr (dower) for her and she knows that he is castrated. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is permissible.’ It then was said that he lives with her as long as Allah wills, then divorces her; if she has any waiting period. He (the Im

لَا طَلَاقَ إِلَّا مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ الطَّلَاقُ وَ لَا ظِهَارَ إِلَّا مَا أُرِيدُ بِهِ الظِّهَارُ[3].

’Divorce is not a divorce unless it is intended to be a divorce, and Zihar is not Zihar unless it is intended to be so.’”

لَا يَكُونُ الظِّهَارُ إِلَّا عَلَى مِثْلِ مَوْضِعِ الطَّلَاقِ‌[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Zihar can take place only in the environment of divorce.’”

تَزَوَّجَ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ حُمْرَانَ ابْنَةَ بُكَيْرٍ فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الَّتِي أُدْخِلَ بِهَا عَلَيْهِ قُلْنَ لَهُ النِّسَاءُ أَنْتَ لَا تُبَالِي الطَّلَاقَ وَ لَيْسَ هُوَ عِنْدَكَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ وَ لَيْسَ نُدْخِلُهَا عَلَيْكَ حَتَّى تُظَاهِرَ مِنْ أُمَّهَاتِ أَوْلَادِكَ قَالَ فَفَعَلَ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ- لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَبَهُنَ‌[2].

“Hamzah ibn Humran married the daughter of Bukayr. In the night that she was to be brought to him women said to him that divorce does not matter to you much and it is not important for you. ‘We will not bring her (the bride) to you until you form al-Zihar about the mothers of your children.’ He (the narrator) has said

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي الصَّلَاةَ أَوْ يَتَوَضَّأُ فَيَشُكُّ فِيهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَيَقُولُ إِنْ أَعَدْتُ الصَّلَاةَ أَوْ أَعَدْتُ الْوُضُوءَ فَامْرَأَتُهُ عَلَيْهِ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّهِ وَ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِالطَّلَاقِ فَقَالَ هَذَا مِنْ‌ خُطُواتِ الشَّيْطانِ* لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ.

‘If I repeat my Salat (prayer) or wudu (because of doubts), then my wife will be like the back of my mother and swears for it about divorce.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is of the misdeeds of Satan. He does not owe anything because of it.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَقُولُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ عَمَّتِهِ أَوْ خَالَتِهِ قَالَ هُوَ الظِّهَارُ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْنَاهُ عَنِ الظِّهَارِ مَتَى يَقَعُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَ امْرَأَتَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا أَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ لَا سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ صَامَ بَعْضاً فَمَرِضَ فَأَفْ

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that a man says to his wife that she is like the back of his paternal or maternal aunt. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is al-Zihar.’ He (the narrator) has said that we asked him (the Imam) about al-Zihar and about when expiation becomes due on such man. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is when he

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَقَالَ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع مَكَانَ كُلِّ مَرَّةٍ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ لَا قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الظِّهَارِ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ وَ الْأَمَةِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ قِيلَ فَإِنْ ظَاهَرَ فِي شَعْبَانَ وَ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُعْتِقُ قَالَ يَنْتَ

“I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who forms al-Zihar about his wife five times or more. He (the Imam) said, Tor every time there is expiation.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I asked him (the Imam) about a man who forms al- Zihar about his wife,

سَقَطَتْ عَنْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ إِذَا طَلَّقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعَاوِدَ الْمُجَامَعَةَ قِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ رَاجَعَهَا قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا طَلَّقَهَا لِإِسْقَاطِ الْكَفَّارَةِ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ رَاجَعَهَا فَالْكَفَّارَةُ لَازِمَةٌ لَهُ أَبَداً إِذَا عَاوَدَ الْمُجَامَعَةَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ طَلَّقَهَا وَ هُوَ لَا يَنْوِي شَيْئاً مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَ وَ لَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ.

“About the case of a man who expresses the statement of al-Zihar about his wife then divorces her, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Expiation does not apply to his case when he divorces before going to bed with her.’ It was then asked, ‘What happens if he goes back to her?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has divorced her

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَالَ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَدْ بَطَلَ الظِّهَارُ وَ هَدَمَ الطَّلَاقُ الظِّهَارَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ فَإِنْ رَاجَعَهَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى يَخْلُوَ أَجَلُهَا وَ تَمْلِكَ نَفْسَهَا

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man who expresses the statement of al- Zihar about his wife, then divorces her once. He (the Imam) said, ’If he has divorced her once al-Zihar becomes void and divorce abolishes al-Zihar.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he goes back to her?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes,

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا فَبَانَتْ مِنْهُ أَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man who expresses the statement of al- Zihar about his wife, then divorces her before going to bed with her until she becomes stranger to him: if he owes expiation. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, expiation is not obligatory on him.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَحَلَفَ أَرْبَعَ شَهَادَاتٍ بِاللَّهِ ثُمَّ نَكَلَ فِي الْخَامِسَةِ قَالَ إِنْ نَكَلَ فِي الْخَامِسَةِ فَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ جُلِدَ وَ إِنْ نَكَلَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَتِ الْيَمِينُ عَلَيْهَا فَعَلَيْهَا مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ قَائِماً يُلَاعِنُ أَوْ قَاعِداً قَالَ الْمُلَاعَنَةُ وَ مَا أَشْبَهَهَا مِنْ قِيَامٍ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْت

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who goes through the process of al-Li ‘an (condemnation) against his woman and testifies swearing by Allah four times but declines the fifth time. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he declines the fifth time she is his woman but he is whipped. If the woman declines whe

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ حُرٍّ تَحْتَهُ أَمَةٌ أَوْ عَبْدٍ تَحْتَهُ حُرَّةٌ كَمْ طَلَاقُهَا وَ كَمْ عِدَّتُهَا فَقَالَ السُّنَّةُ فِي النِّسَاءِ فِي الطَّلَاقِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ حُرَّةً فَطَلَاقُهَا ثَلَاثٌ وَ عِدَّتُهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَقْرَاءٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَ حُرٌّ تَحْتَهُ أَمَةٌ فَطَلَاقُهَا تَطْلِيقَتَانِ وَ عِدَّتُهَا قُرْءَانِ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Umar Bin Azina, from Zurara, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a free man under whom is a slave girl, or a slave under whom is a free woman, how would he divorce her, and how much is her waiting period?’ So he asws said

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ إِذَا كَانَتِ الْحُرَّةُ تَحْتَ الْعَبْدِ فَالطَّلَاقُ وَ الْعِدَّةُ بِالنِّسَاءِ يَعْنِي تَطْلِيقَهَا ثَلَاثاً وَ تَعْتَدُّ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ.

Ali, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen asws said: ‘When the free woman is under the slave, so the divorce and the waiting period is with the women, meaning he divorces would be three, and she would wait for three menstruations’.

إِنَّ ابْنَ شُبْرُمَةَ قَالَ الطَّلَاقُ لِلرَّجُلِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الطَّلَاقُ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَ تِبْيَانُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ يَكُونُ تَحْتَهُ الْحُرَّةُ فَيَكُونُ تَطْلِيقُهَا ثَلَاثاً وَ يَكُونُ الْحُرُّ تَحْتَهُ الْأَمَةُ فَيَكُونُ طَلَاقُهَا تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ.

Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, and Al Razzaz, from Ayoub Bin Nuh, from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ays Bin Al Qasim who said, ‘Ibn Shubrama (a judge) said, ‘The divorce is for the men’. So Abu Abdullah asws said: ‘The divorce is for the women, and the proof of that is that the slave happens to have the f

طَلَاقُ الْمَمْلُوكِ لِلْحُرَّةِ ثَلَاثُ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ وَ طَلَاقُ الْحُرِّ لِلْأَمَةِ تَطْلِيقَتَانِ.

Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Sama’at, from Muhammad Bin Ziyad, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘A divorce of the owned slave to the free woman are three divorces, and a divorce of the free man to the slave woman are two divorces’.

طَلَاقُ الْحُرِّ إِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ أَمَةٌ تَطْلِيقَتَانِ وَ طَلَاقُ الْحُرَّةِ إِذَا كَانَتْ تَحْتَ الْمَمْلُوكِ ثَلَاثٌ.

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Abu Nasr, from Dawood Bin Sirham, Abu Abdullah asws has said: ‘A divorce of the free man when there was a slave girl in his presence, are two divorces, and a divorce of the free woman when she was under the owned slave, are three’.

إِذَا كَانَ الْعَبْدُ وَ امْرَأَتُهُ لِرَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ فَإِنَّ الْمَوْلَى يَأْخُذُهَا إِذَا شَاءَ وَ إِذَا شَاءَ رَدَّهَا وَ قَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْعَبْدِ إِذَا كَانَ هُوَ وَ امْرَأَتُهُ لِرَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ الْعَبْدُ لِرَجُلٍ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ لِرَجُلٍ وَ تَزَوَّجَهَا بِإِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ وَ إِذْنِ مَوْلَاهَا فَإِنْ طَلَّقَ وَ هُوَ بِهَذِهِ الْمَنْزِلَةِ فَإِنَّ طَلَاقَهُ جَائِزٌ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Muhammad Bin Al Fuzayl, from Abu Al Sabbah Al Kinany, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘If there was the slave and his wife for one man (master), so is the master takes her when he so desires to, and when he so desires

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْعَبْدِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُهُ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتْ أَمَتَكَ فَلَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- عَبْداً مَمْلُوكاً لا يَقْدِرُ عَلى‌ شَيْ‌ءٍ[1] وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ أَمَةَ قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ أَوْ حُرَّةً جَازَ طَلَاقُهُ.

Muhammad, from Ahmad, from Ibn Fazzal Bin Salih, from Lays Al Murady who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the slave, is his divorce allowed?’ So he asws said: ‘If she was a bondmaid, so no. Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic is Saying [16:75] a slave, the property of another, (who) has no power over anything . If she

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْذَنُ لِعَبْدِهِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الْحُرَّةَ أَوْ أَمَةَ قَوْمٍ الطَّلَاقُ إِلَى السَّيِّدِ أَوْ إِلَى الْعَبْدِ قَالَ الطَّلَاقُ إِلَى الْعَبْدِ.

Muhammad, from Ahmad, from Ibn Mahboub, from Jameel Bin Salih, from Abu Baseer who said, ‘I asked Abu Ja’far asws about the man who permits his slave that he marries the free woman, or a slave girl, would the divorced be fixed to the master or to the slave?’ He asws said: ‘The divorce is up to the slave’.

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ غُلَامُهُ جَارِيَةً حُرَّةً فَقَالَ الطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْغُلَامِ فَإِنْ تَزَوَّجَهَا بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ فَالطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْمَوْلَى.

Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Sama’at, from Muhammad Bin Ziyad, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a man who married his slave to a slave girl of a free woman. So he asws said: ‘The divorce is by the hand of the slave. So if he married her without the per

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ غُلَامُهُ جَارِيَةً حُرَّةً فَقَالَ الطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْغُلَامِ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ أَمَتَهُ رَجُلًا حُرّاً فَقَالَ الطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْحُرِّ- وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ غُلَامَهُ جَارِيَتَهُ فَقَالَ الطَّلَاقُ بِيَدِ الْمَوْلَى وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً وَ لَهَا زَوْجٌ عَبْدٌ فَقَالَ بَيْعُهَا طَلَاقُهَا.

Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Sama’at, from Muhammad Bin Abu Hamza, from Ali Bin Yaqteen, (It has been narrated) from Al-Abd Al-Salih asws (7th Imam asws ), said, ‘I asked him asws about a man who married his slave to a slave girls of a free man. So he asws said: ‘The divorce is in the hand of the slave’. He (the narrator

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ طَلَاقُ الْعَبْدِ لِلْأَمَةِ تَطْلِيقَتَانِ وَ أَجَلُهَا حَيْضَتَانِ إِنْ كَانَتْ تَحِيضُ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَا تَحِيضُ فَأَجَلُهَا شَهْرٌ وَ نِصْفٌ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Muhammad Bin Qays, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws , said, ‘I heard him asws saying, ‘Divorce of the slave to the slave girls are two divorces, and her term is of two menstruation if she was menstruation. If she was not menst

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ طَلَاقِ الْأَمَةِ فَقَالَ تَطْلِيقَتَانِ.

Muhammad Bin yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a divorce of the slave girl, so he asws said: ‘Two divorces’.

قَالَ عُمَرُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ مَا تَقُولُونَ يَا أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي تَطْلِيقِ الْأَمَةِ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ أَحَدٌ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ يَا صَاحِبَ الْبُرْدِ الْمَعَافِرِيِّ يَعْنِي أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ تَطْلِيقَتَانِ‌[1].

Al Husayn Bin Muhammad, from Moala Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Ali, from Aban Bin Usman, from Abu Asama, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘Umar said upon the Pulpit, ‘What are you saying, O companions of Muhammad saww , regarding a divorce of the slave girl’. So no one answered him. So he

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي أَمَةٍ طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا فَجَلَدَهُ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen asws judged regarding a slave girl whose husband had divorced her with two divorces, then had copulated with her, so he asws had him whipped’.

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْأَمَةِ إِذَا طُلِّقَتْ مَا عِدَّتُهَا قَالَ حَيْضَتَانِ‌ أَوْ شَهْرَانِ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع قَالَ فِي أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ لَا يَتَزَوَّجْنَ حَتَّى يَعْتَدِدْنَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً وَ هُنَّ إِمَاءٌ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Noman, from Ibn Muskan, from Suleyman Bin Khalid who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the slave girl when she is divorced, what is her waiting period?’ He asws said: ‘Two menstruations, or two months, until she menstruates’. I said, ‘Supposing her husba

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ وَلِيدَتَهُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ فَقَالَ عِدَّتُهَا عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْرٌ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ وَلِيدَتَهُ وَ هُوَ حَيٌّ وَ قَدْ كَانَ يَطَؤُهَا فَقَالَ عِدَّتُهَا عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ قُرُوءٍ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Ali Bin Abu Hamza, from Abu Baseer, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a man who emancipated a mother of his child during the death. So he asws said: ‘Her waiting period is a waiting period of the free wo

فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ أَمَةٌ فَطَلَّقَهَا عَلَى السُّنَّةِ ثُمَّ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ قَالَ قَدْ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي هَذَا أَحَلَّتْهَا آيَةٌ وَ حَرَّمَتْهَا آيَةٌ أُخْرَى وَ أَنَا نَاهٍ عَنْهَا نَفْسِي وَ وُلْدِي‌[1].

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from one of his companions, from Ibn Abu Najran, and Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said regarding a man under who used to be a slave girl. So he divorced her upon the Sunnah, then she was irrevocably divorced from him. They

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ حُرٍّ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ أَمَةٌ فَطَلَّقَهَا طَلَاقاً بَائِناً ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا هَلْ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا قَالَ لَا. - قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ حَلَّ لَهُ فَرْجُهَا مِنْ أَجْلِ شِرَائِهَا وَ الْحُرُّ وَ الْعَبْدُ فِي ذَلِكَ سَوَاءٌ

Ali, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a free man who had a slave girl under him. So he divorced her with an irrevocable divorce, then bought her. Is it Permissible for him that he copulates with her?’ He asws s

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مَمْلُوكَةً ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا[3] ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا بَعْدُ هَلْ تَحِلُّ لَهُ قَالَ لَا حَتَّى تَنْكِحَ زَوْجاً غَيْرَهُ‌.

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, altogether from Usman Bin Isa, from Sama’at who said, ‘I asked him asws about a man who married an owned woman, then divorced her, then bought her afterwards. Is she Permissible for him?’ He asws said: ‘No, until she marries anot

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ بَيْنَ مُسْلِمَيْنِ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ جَحَدَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نُبُوَّتَهُ وَ كَذَّبَهُ فَإِنَّ دَمَهُ مُبَاحٌ لِمَنْ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ وَ امْرَأَتَهُ بَائِنَةٌ مِنْهُ يَوْمَ ارْتَدَّ وَ يُقْسَمُ مَالُهُ عَلَى وَرَثَتِهِ وَ تَعْتَدُّ امْرَأَتُهُ عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ إِنْ أَتَوْهُ بِهِ وَ لَا ي

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, and a number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Ammar Al Sabatany who said, ‘I heard Abu Abdullah asws saying, ‘Every Muslim between two Muslims is an atheist, from Al-Islam,

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمُرْتَدِّ فَقَالَ مَنْ رَغِبَ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ كَفَرَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ص بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ فَلَا تَوْبَةَ لَهُ وَ قَدْ وَجَبَ قَتْلُهُ وَ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ يُقْسَمُ مَا تَرَكَ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ.

And from him, from Al A’ala, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said, ‘I asked Abu Ja’far asws about the apostate. So he asws said: ‘The one who wishes to be away from Al-Islam, and disbelieve with what was Revealed unto Muhammad saww after his Islam. So there is no repentance for him, and his being killed is Obligated, and

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيَّةٍ كَانَتْ تَحْتَ نَصْرَانِيٍّ فَطَلَّقَهَا هَلْ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ مِثْلُ عِدَّةِ الْمُسْلِمَةِ فَقَالَ لَا لِأَنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ مَمَالِيكُ لِلْإِمَامِ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُمْ يُؤَدُّونَهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ كَمَا يُؤَدِّي الْعَبْدُ الضَّرِيبَةَ إِلَى مَوْلَاهُ قَالَ وَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ تُطْرَحُ عَنْهُ‌ الْجِزْيَةُ قُلْتُ فَمَا عِدَّتُهَا إِنْ أَرَادَ الْمُسْلِمُ أَنْ يَت

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ibn Ra’ib, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Zurara, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a Christian woman who was under (married to) a Christian. So he divorced her. Is there a waiting period upon her similar to what is upon the Musli

عِدَّةُ الْعِلْجَةِ[3] إِذَا أَسْلَمَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ إِذَا أَرَادَتْ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ غَيْرَهُ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ismail Bin Marrar, from Yunus, ‘He asws said: ‘A waiting period of the الْعِلْجَةِ when she becomes a Muslim, is a waiting period of the divorced woman, when she intends to marry someone else’.

نَعَمْ وَ عِدَّتُهَا مِنَ النَّصْرَانِيِّ إِذَا أَسْلَمَتْ عِدَّةُ الْحُرَّةِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةُ قُرُوءٍ فَإِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا فَلْيَتَزَوَّجْهَا إِنْ شَاءَتْ.

And by his chain, from Ibn Mahboub, from Ali Bin Raib, from Humran, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws regarding a mother of a child of a Christian man, became a Muslim, can the Muslim man marry her?’ He asws said: ‘Yes, and her waiting period from the Christian man when she became a Muslim, is a waiting perio

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا طَلَاقَ قَبْلَ نِكَاحٍ وَ لَا عِتْقَ قَبْلَ مِلْكٍ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Mansour Bin Hazam, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘Rasool-Allah saww said: ‘There is no divorce before the marriage, and there is no emancipation before the ownership’.

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمَعْتُوهَةِ الذَّاهِبَةِ الْعَقْلِ أَ يَجُوزُ بَيْعُهَا وَ صَدَقَتُهَا قَالَ لَا وَ عَنْ طَلَاقِ السَّكْرَانِ وَ عِتْقِهِ قَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ.

A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Abdul Kareem, from Al Halby, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about the demented woman with the intellect gone, is her selling and her charity allowed?’ He asws ; ‘No’. And about a divorce

حَمَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْحَمْلَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ وَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْمَنْصُورُ بِهَا فَلَمَّا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى الْهَاشِمِيَّةِ[2] مَدِينَةِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ أَخْرَجَ رِجْلَهُ مِنْ غَرْزِ الرِّجْلِ‌[3] ثُمَّ نَزَلَ وَ دَعَا بِبَغْلَةٍ شَهْبَاءَ وَ لَبِسَ ثِيَابَ بِيضٍ وَ كُمَّةً[4] بَيْضَاءَ فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ لَقَدْ تَشَبَّهْتَ بِالْأَنْبِيَاءِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْد

“I provided abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), transportation to al-Kufah for the second time and abu Ja‘far al-Mansur was in it. When he (the Imam) arrived in al-Hashimiyah, the city of abu Ja‘far, al- Mansur, he (the Imam) pulled out his feet from the saddle’s stirrups and dismounted. He asked for al- Shahba ’ mule and dressed i

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ عَلَيْهِ مِلْحَفَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ جَدِيدَةٌ شَدِيدَةُ الْحُمْرَةِ فَتَبَسَّمْتُ حِينَ دَخَلْتُ فَقَالَ كَأَنِّي أَعْلَمُ لِمَ ضَحِكْتَ ضَحِكْتَ مِنْ هَذَا الثَّوْبِ الَّذِي هُوَ عَلَيَّ إِنَّ الثَّقَفِيَّةَ أَكْرَهَتْنِي عَلَيْهِ وَ أَنَا أُحِبُّهَا فَأَكْرَهَتْنِي عَلَى لُبْسِهَا ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّا لَا نُصَلِّي فِي هَذَا وَ لَا تُصَلُّوا فِي الْمُشْبَعِ الْمُضَرَّجِ قَالَ ثُمَّ دَخَلْت

“I once visited abu Ja‘far (a.s.). A sheet of sharp red color was on him. I smiled when I entered. He (the Imam) said, ‘It seems I know why you are laughing. You laugh because of this cloth on me. It is because the Thaqafiy woman forced me to wear it and I love her.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘We do not perform Salat (p

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ هُوَ جَالِسٌ عَلَى مَتَاعٍ فَجَعَلْتُ أَلْمِسُ الْمَتَاعَ بِيَدِي فَقَالَ هَذَا الَّذِي تَلْمِسُهُ بِيَدِكَ أَرْمَنِيٌّ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ وَ مَا أَنْتَ وَ الْأَرْمَنِيَّ فَقَالَ هَذَا مَتَاعٌ جَاءَتْ بِهِ- أُمُّ عَلِيٍّ امْرَأَةٌ لَهُ فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنْ قَابِلٍ دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَجَعَلْتُ أَلْمِسُ مَا تَحْتِي فَقَالَ كَأَنَّكَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَنْظُرَ مَا تَحْتَكَ فَقُلْتُ لَا وَ لَكِنَّ

“I once visited abu Ja‘far (a.s.). He was sitting on a certain furnishing. I kept touching it with my hand. He (the Imam) said, ‘What you are touching is from Armenia.’ I then asked, ‘What do you have to do with Armenia?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This is what mother of Ali (wife of the Imam) has brought.’ I then visited hi

لَا يَسْتَقِيمُ النَّاسُ عَلَى الْفَرَائِضِ وَ الطَّلَاقِ إِلَّا بِالسَّيْفِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘People do not behave properly in matters of obligations and divorce without the sword (enforcing authority).’”

لَا تَقُومُ الْفَرَائِضُ وَ الطَّلَاقُ إِلَّا بِالسَّيْفِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Obligations and divorce are not dealt with properly without the sword.’”