قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الْوَلَدِ لِوَالِدِهِ وَ الْوَالِدِ لِوَلَدِهِ وَ الْأَخِ لِأَخِيهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The testimony of a father for his son, the testimony of a son for his father and the testimony of a brother for his brother is permissible.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَوْ قَالَ سَأَلَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْهَدُ لِأَبِيهِ أَوِ الْأَبِ يَشْهَدُ لِابْنِهِ أَوِ الْأَخِ لِأَخِيهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ خَيِّراً جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ الْأَبِ لِابْنِهِ وَ الْأَخِ لِأَخِيهِ[1].
“I or a certain persons of our people asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who testifies for his father or a father testifies for his son or for his brother. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful if it is for a good cause. His testimony is permissible for his father as is the case with a father’s testi
رَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص شَهَادَةَ السَّائِلِ الَّذِي يَسْأَلُ فِي كَفِّهِ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع لِأَنَّهُ لَا يُؤْمَنُ عَلَى الشَّهَادَةِ وَ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ إِنْ أُعْطِيَ رَضِيَ وَ إِنْ مُنِعَ سَخِطَ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, rejected the testimony of a beggar who extends his hand for help. It is because he does not believe in testimony in the sense that if one gives to him something he is
كَانَ الْبَلَاطُ حَيْثُ يُصَلَّى عَلَى الْجَنَائِزِ سُوقاً عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص يُسَمَّى الْبَطْحَاءَ يُبَاعُ فِيهَا الْحَلِيبُ وَ السَّمْنُ وَ الْأَقِطُ وَ إِنَّ أَعْرَابِيّاً أَتَى بِفَرَسٍ لَهُ فَأَوْثَقَهُ فَاشْتَرَاهُ مِنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص ثُمَّ دَخَلَ لِيَأْتِيَهُ بِالثَّمَنِ فَقَامَ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فَقَالُوا بِكَمْ بِعْتَ فَرَسَكَ قَالَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا قَالُوا بِئْسَ مَا بِعْتَ فَرَسُ
“The paved area where Salat (prayer) for the dead had been performed in the time of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, was called al-Batha’ where people sold milk, ghee and cheese. A desert dwelling Arab once came with his horse and tie
أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِقُدَامَةَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ وَ قَدْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فَشَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا خَصِيٌّ وَ هُوَ عَمْرٌو التَّمِيمِيُّ وَ الْآخَرُ الْمُعَلَّى بْنُ الْجَارُودِ فَشَهِدَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنَّهُ رَآهُ يَشْرَبُ وَ شَهِدَ الْآخَرُ أَنَّهُ رَآهُ يَقِيءُ الْخَمْرَ فَأَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ إِلَى أُنَاسٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقَالَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْم
“Abu ‘Abd Allah, has narrated from his father, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, who has said that once Qudamah ibn Maz‘un was brought before ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab because of drinking wine and two men testified against him. One, called ‘Amr al- Tamimiy, was castrated and the other one was Mu‘alla’ ibn al- Jarud. One of them testified
قُلْتُ لَهُ كَيْفَ صَارَ الزَّوْجُ إِذَا قَذَفَ امْرَأَتَهُ كَانَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ أَرْبَعَ شَهاداتٍ بِاللَّهِ وَ كَيْفَ لَا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ لِغَيْرِهِ وَ صَارَ إِذَا قَذَفَهَا غَيْرُ الزَّوْجِ جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ وَ لَوْ كَانَ وَلَداً أَوْ أَخاً فَقَالَ قَدْ سُئِلَ [أَبُو] جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ هَذَا فَقَالَ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا قَذَفَ الزَّوْجُ امْرَأَتَهُ قِيلَ لَهُ وَ كَيْفَ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهَا فَاعِلَةٌ فَإِنْ قَالَ رَأ
“I once asked abu Ja‘far, al-Thaniy, Alayhi al-Salam, ‘How is it that when a man accuses his wife of committing fornication his testimony is four testimonies by Allah? Why is it not permissible for those other than him, if someone other than husband accuses her, he is subjected to penalty even if he is a son or brother
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ حَكَمَ فِي دِرْهَمَيْنِ بِحُكْمِ جَوْرٍ ثُمَّ جَبَرَ عَلَيْهِ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ- وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِما أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأُولئِكَ هُمُ الْكافِرُونَ[2] فَقُلْتُ وَ كَيْفَ يَجْبُرُ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ يَكُونُ لَهُ سَوْطٌ وَ سِجْنٌ فَيَحْكُمُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا رَضِيَ بِحُكُومَتِهِ وَ إِلَّا ضَرَبَهُ بِسَوْطِهِ وَ حَبَسَهُ فِي سِجْنِهِ.
3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from certain persons of our people from ‘Abd Allah ibn Kathir from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan in a marfu‘ manner who has narrated the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to
كُنْتُ مَعَ ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى مُزَامِلَهُ حَتَّى جِئْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ فِي مَسْجِدِ الرَّسُولِ ص إِذْ دَخَلَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ع فَقُلْتُ لِابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى تَقُومُ بِنَا إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ وَ مَا نَصْنَعُ عِنْدَهُ فَقُلْتُ نُسَائِلُهُ وَ نُحَدِّثُهُ فَقَالَ قُمْ فَقُمْنَا إِلَيْهِ فَسَاءَلَنِي عَنْ نَفْسِي وَ أَهْلِي ثُمَّ قَالَ مَنْ هَذَا مَعَكَ فَقُلْتُ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى قَاضِي الْ
“A man narrated to me from Sa‘id ibn abu al-Khasib al-Bajaliy who has said that once I was with ibn abu Layla’ as a travelmate until we arrived in al-Madinah. When we were in the Masjid of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, Ja‘far ibn M
كَانَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ قَاضٍ كَانَ يَقْضِي بِالْحَقِّ فِيهِمْ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ إِذَا أَنَا مِتُّ فَاغْسِلِينِي وَ كَفِّنِينِي وَ ضَعِينِي عَلَى سَرِيرِي وَ غَطِّي وَجْهِي فَإِنَّكِ لَا تَرَيْنَ سُوءاً فَلَمَّا مَاتَ فَعَلَتْ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ مَكَثَتْ بِذَلِكَ حِيناً ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا كَشَفَتْ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ لِتَنْظُرَ إِلَيْهِ فَإِذَا هِيَ بِدُودَةٍ تَقْرِضُ مَنْخِرَهُ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْ ذَل
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said among the Israelites there was a judge who judged with the truth. When his death approached, he said to his woman, ‘When I die, wash my body, shroud me, place me on my bed and cover my head so you do not see anything bad.’ When he died, she followed his instructions and waited for some time
أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ أَخٍ لَهُ مُمَارَاةٌ فِي حَقٍّ فَدَعَاهُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ إِخْوَانِهِ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُ فَأَبَى إِلَّا أَنْ يُرَافِعَهُ إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ كَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- أَ لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا بِما أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَ ما أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَتَحاكَمُوا إِلَى الطَّاغُوتِ وَ قَدْ أُ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If anyone may have a dispute with his brother about a certain right, he then calls him before one of his brothers to judge for them but he refuses. He takes him before these ones, he will be like the one about whom Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, “. . . have you conside
سَمِعْتُ عَلِيّاً ص يَقُولُ لِشُرَيْحٍ انْظُرْ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْمَعْكِ وَ الْمَطْلِ[1] وَ دَفْعِ حُقُوقِ النَّاسِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَقْدُرَةِ وَ الْيَسَارِ مِمَّنْ يُدْلِي بِأَمْوَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى الْحُكَّامِ فَخُذْ لِلنَّاسِ بِحُقُوقِهِمْ مِنْهُمْ وَ بِعْ فِيهَا الْعَقَارَ وَ الدِّيَارَ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ مَطْلُ الْمُسْلِمِ الْمُوسِرِ ظُلْمٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَقَار
“I heard ’ Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), saying to Shurayh, ’Keep an eye on those who delay payment of debts on them and on the procrastinators and on defending the rights of people against the capable and the affluent ones who throw the wealth of the Muslims to the ruling parties. Take the rights of people from them a
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنِ ابْتُلِيَ بِالْقَضَاءِ فَلَا يَقْضِي وَ هُوَ غَضْبَانُ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘One whose task is adjudication he must not take his seat to adjudicate when angry.’”
أَنَّ رَجُلًا نَزَلَ بِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَمَكَثَ عِنْدَهُ أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ فِي خُصُومَةٍ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهَا لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ خَصْمٌ أَنْتَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ تَحَوَّلْ عَنَّا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نَهَى أَنْ يُضَافَ الْخَصْمُ إِلَّا وَ مَعَهُ خَصْمُهُ.
“A man once became a guest of ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), and stayed with him for several days. He then presented a case before him (the Imam) for adjudication, which he had not mentioned to him (the Imam) before. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Are you the plaintiff?’ The man replied, ‘Yes, I am the plaintiff.’ He (the Imam)
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لِشُرَيْحٍ لَا تُسَارَّ أَحَداً فِي مَجْلِسِكَ وَ إِنْ غَضِبْتَ فَقُمْ فَلَا تَقْضِيَنَّ فَأَنْتَ غَضْبَانُ قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ص لِسَانُ الْقَاضِي وَرَاءَ قَلْبِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ قَالَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسَكَ[2].
“’Amir al-Mu’minin, Ali (a.s.), once said to Shurayh, ’You must not please anyone in your adjudicating session, and if you become angry, you must stand up and must not issue a judgment when you are angry.’ Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his famil
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّمَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَ الْأَيْمَانِ وَ بَعْضُكُمْ أَلْحَنُ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ قَطَعْتُ لَهُ مِنْ مَالِ أَخِيهِ شَيْئاً فَإِنَّمَا قَطَعْتُ لَهُ بِهِ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ[3].
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘I must judge among you on the basis of evidence and oath. Certain ones among you make more mistakes in their argument than others. For whomever I cut o
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى مَنِ ادَّعَى وَ الْيَمِينُ عَلَى مَنِ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ’Establishing testimony (the burden of proof) is on the plaintiff and oath is on the defendant.”’
يَا أَحْكَمَ الْحَاكِمِينَ احْكُمْ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ أُمِّي فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَا غُلَامُ لِمَ تَدْعُو عَلَى أُمِّكَ فَقَالَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّهَا حَمَلَتْنِي فِي بَطْنِهَا تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ أَرْضَعَتْنِي حَوْلَيْنِ فَلَمَّا تَرَعْرَعْتُ[1] وَ عَرَفْتُ الْخَيْرَ مِنَ الشَّرِّ وَ يَمِينِي عَنْ شِمَالِي طَرَدَتْنِي وَ انْتَفَتْ مِنِّي وَ زَعَمَتْ أَنَّهَا لَا تَعْرِفُنِي فَقَالَ عُم
“I heard a boy in al-Madinah saying, ‘O best of judges, judge between me and my mother.’ ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab asked, ‘O boy, why do you pray against your mother?’ He replied, ‘O ’Amir al-Mu’minin, she bore me in her womb for nine months and breastfed me until I began to move, learn to distinguish between good and bad,
أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بِامْرَأَةٍ تَزَوَّجَهَا شَيْخٌ فَلَمَّا أَنْ وَاقَعَهَا مَاتَ عَلَى بَطْنِهَا فَجَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ فَادَّعَى بَنُوهُ أَنَّهَا فَجَرَتْ وَ تَشَاهَدُوا عَلَيْهَا فَأَمَرَ بِهَا عُمَرُ أَنْ تُرْجَمَ فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيٌّ ع فَقَالَتْ يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي حُجَّةً قَالَ هَاتِي حُجَّتَكِ فَدَفَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ كِتَاباً فَقَرَأَهُ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ تُعْلِمُكُمْ بِيَوْمَ تَزَوَّجَهَا وَ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a woman was brought before ‘Umar who was married to an old man who when going to bed with her had died on her belly. When she gave birth to a boy, his sons claimed that she has committed fornication and presented testimony against her. ‘Umar commanded to stone her to death. Al
مَا أَنْتَ مَوْلَايَ بَلْ أَنَا مَوْلَاكَ قَالَ فَمَا زَالَ ذَا يَتَوَعَّدُ ذَا وَ ذَا يَتَوَعَّدُ ذَا وَ يَقُولُ كَمَا أَنْتَ حَتَّى نَأْتِيَ الْكُوفَةَ يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ فَأَذْهَبَ بِكَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَلَمَّا أَتَيَا الْكُوفَةَ أَتَيَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقَالَ الَّذِي ضَرَبَ الْغُلَامَ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ هَذَا غُلَامٌ لِي وَ إِنَّهُ أَذْنَبَ فَضَرَبْتُهُ فَوَثَبَ عَلَيَّ وَ قَالَ الْآخَرُ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that in the time of the government of Ali (a.s.), a man from the mountains with his slave went for al-Hajj. His slave committed a sin and his master beat him as a measure for discipline. He (the slave) said, ‘You are not my master. I am your master.’ They continued threatening each othe
أُتِيَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِجَارِيَةٍ قَدْ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهَا أَنَّهَا بَغَتْ وَ كَانَ مِنْ قِصَّتِهَا أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ يَتِيمَةً عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ وَ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ كَثِيراً مَا يَغِيبُ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ فَشَبَّتِ الْيَتِيمَةُ فَتَخَوَّفَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا زَوْجُهَا فَدَعَتْ بِنِسْوَةٍ حَتَّى أَمْسَكْنَهَا فَأَخَذَتْ عُذْرَتَهَا بِإِصْبَعِهَا فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ زَوْجُهَا مِنْ غَيْبَتِهِ رَمَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ
Once a girl was brought before ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab and testimony was presented against her for committing fornication. Her story was that she was an orphan with a man who very often remained absent from his family. The orphan girl matured and the woman feared her husband’s being attracted to the young girl. She called
قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَوْ رَأَيْتَ غَيْلَانَ بْنَ جَامِعٍ وَ اسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيَّ فَأَذِنْتُ لَهُ وَ قَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَدْخُلُ إِلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ فَلَمَّا جَلَسَ قَالَ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ أَنَا غَيْلَانُ بْنُ جَامِعٍ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ قَاضِي ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا غَيْلَانُ مَا أَظُنُّ ابْنَ هُبَيْرَةَ وَضَعَ عَلَى قَضَائِهِ إِلَّا فَقِيهاً قَالَ أَجَلْ قُلْتُ يَا غَيْلَانُ تَجْمَعُ ب
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once said to me, ‘If you see Ghaylan ibn Jami‘ ask permission for a meeting with me, you should give him permission. I had information that he would meet with people of banu Hashim.’ When he sat down he said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, I am Ghaylan ibn Jami‘ al-Muharibiy, judge of ibn Hu
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ أَجَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ بِهِ أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ خَيْراً مِمَّا ذَهَبَ مِنْهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘One who delays in swearing by Allah, He grants him better than what he has lost because of the delay.’”
مِنْ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَوْلًى لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ عِنْدَكَ امْرَأَةً تَبَرَّأُ مِنْ جَدِّكَ فَقُضِيَ لِأَبِي أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا فَادَّعَتْ عَلَيْهِ صَدَاقَهَا فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمَدِينَةِ تَسْتَعْدِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمَدِينَةِ يَا عَلِيُّ إِمَّا أَنْ تَحْلِفَ وَ إِمَّا أَنْ تُعْطِيَهَا [حَقَّهَا] فَقَالَ لِي قُمْ يَا بُنَيَّ فَأَعْطِهَا أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَقُل
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once spoke to me about his father (a.s.). He (the Imam) was with a woman of al-Khawarij, I (the narrator) think he said, ‘banu Hanifah.’ His mawla (friend or servant) said to him (the Imam), ‘O child of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their se
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْيَمِينُ الصَّبْرُ الْفَاجِرَةُ تَدَعُ الدِّيَارَ بَلَاقِعَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Swearing falsely and sinfully for a binding purpose leaves the town barren.’”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الْيَمِينَ الْفَاجِرَةَ فَإِنَّهَا تَدَعُ الدِّيَارَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا بَلَاقِعَ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘You must never take sinfully a false oath because it leaves the town barren.’”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَلَكاً رِجْلَاهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ السُّفْلَى مَسِيرَةَ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَامٍ وَ رَأْسُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ الْعُلْيَا مَسِيرَةَ أَلْفِ سَنَةٍ يَقُولُ سُبْحَانَكَ سُبْحَانَكَ حَيْثُ كُنْتَ فَمَا أَعْظَمَكَ قَالَ فَيُوحِي اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ مَا يَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ مَنْ يَحْلِفُ بِي كَاذِباً.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Allah has an angel whose legs are on the lowest earth. The length of his leg is a distance of five hundred years’ journey and his head is in the highest
إِنَّ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ الْكَاذِبَةَ وَ قَطِيعَةَ الرَّحِمِ تَذَرَانِ الدِّيَارَ بَلَاقِعَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا وَ تُنْغِلُ الرَّحِمَ يَعْنِي انْقِطَاعَ النَّسْلِ[3].
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that it is in the book of Ali (a.s.), that false oath and cutting off of good relations with relatives leave a town barren, empty of its inhabitants and destroys the reproducing continuum.’”
إِنَّ الْيَمِينَ الْفَاجِرَةَ تُنْغِلُ فِي الرَّحِمِ قَالَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا مَعْنَى تُنْغِلُ فِي الرَّحِمِ قَالَ تُعْقِرُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Sinful and false oath turns the womb barren.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the meaning of the Arabic word ‘TunghiV . He (the Imam) said that it means turning fruitless.”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا تَحْلِفُوا إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ وَ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ فَلْيَصْدُقْ وَ مَنْ حُلِفَ لَهُ بِاللَّهِ فَلْيَرْضَ وَ مَنْ حُلِفَ لَهُ بِاللَّهِ فَلَمْ يَرْضَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Do not swear except by Allah and one who swears by Allah must be considered truthful. One must agree with an oath by Allah. If one does n
سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص رَجُلًا يَقُولُ أَنَا بَرِيءٌ مِنْ دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَيْلَكَ إِذَا بَرِئْتَ مِنْ دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَعَلَى دِينِ مَنْ تَكُونُ قَالَ فَمَا كَلَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص حَتَّى مَاتَ.
“The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once heard a man saying, T disown the religion of Muhammad.’ The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, then asked saying, ‘
قَالَ لِي يَا يُونُسُ لَا تَحْلِفْ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ مِنَّا فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ مِنَّا صَادِقاً أَوْ كَاذِباً فَقَدْ بَرِئَ مِنَّا.
“He (the Imam) (a.s.), said to me, ‘O Yunus, do not swear to disown us, because if one does so, true or false, he is cut off from us.’”
الْأَيْمَانُ ثَلَاثٌ يَمِينٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا كَفَّارَةٌ وَ يَمِينٌ فِيهَا كَفَّارَةٌ وَ يَمِينٌ غَمُوسٌ تُوجِبُ النَّارَ فَالْيَمِينُ الَّتِي لَيْسَ فِيهَا كَفَّارَةٌ الرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ عَلَى بَابِ بِرٍّ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَهُ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ وَ الْيَمِينُ الَّتِي تَجِبُ فِيهَا الْكَفَّارَةُ الرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى بَابِ مَعْصِيَةٍ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَهُ فَيَفْعَلُهُ فَتَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Swearing is of three kinds. There is one kind of swearing, which does not require expiation, the kind that requires expiation, and the false swearing which causes the fire. The kind, which does not require expiation, is the swearing in which one has sworn by Allah for a good cause not
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ لَا يَجُوزُ يَمِينٌ فِي تَحْلِيلِ حَرَامٍ وَ لَا تَحْرِيمِ حَلَالٍ وَ لَا قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ.
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘It is not permissible to take an oath to make an unlawful matter lawful, a lawful matter unlawful or to cut off good relations with relatives.’”
لَا يَجُوزُ يَمِينٌ فِي تَحْلِيلِ حَرَامٍ وَ لَا تَحْرِيمِ حَلَالٍ وَ لَا قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not permissible to take an oath to make an unlawful matter lawful, a lawful matter unlawful or to cut off good relations with relatives.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ فَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ وَ لَا يَمِينَ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَحْلَفَهُ السُّلْطَانُ بِالطَّلَاقِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَحَلَفَ قَالَ لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَخَافُ عَلَى مَالِهِ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ فَيَحْلِفُ لِيَنْجُوَ بِهِ مِنْهُ قَالَ لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ يَحْلِف
“I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a man who takes an oath to cut off relations with relatives. He (the Imam) said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘A vow for an unlawful matter is not valid
سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَشْيَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ وَ الْهَدْيَ قَالَ وَ حَلَفَ بِكُلِّ يَمِينٍ غَلِيظٍ أَلَّا أُكَلِّمَ أَبِي أَبَداً وَ لَا أَشْهَدَ لَهُ خَيْراً وَ لَا يَأْكُلَ مَعِي عَلَى الْخِوَانِ أَبَداً وَ لَا يَأْوِيَنِي وَ إِيَّاهُ سَقْفُ بَيْتٍ أَبَداً قَالَ ثُمَّ سَكَتَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَ بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ قَالَ لَا جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَالَ
“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked, when I was listening, about the case of a man who has made obligatory upon himself to walk to the House of Allah and the offering animal, he has taken an oath in all severity not to ever speak to his father, testify about anything good for him. Never eat with him on one table or
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا يَمِينَ لِوَلَدٍ مَعَ وَالِدِهِ وَ لَا لِمَمْلُوكٍ مَعَ مَوْلَاهُ وَ لَا لِلْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا وَ لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ وَ لَا يَمِينَ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘There is no swearing between a man and his father, a slave and his master, and between a woman and her husband. There is no vow for unlawful matters and
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَيْمَاناً أَنْ يَمْشِيَ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ صَدَقَةً أَوْ عِتْقاً أَوْ نَذْراً أَوْ هَدْياً إِنْ هُوَ كَلَّمَ أَبَاهُ أَوْ أُمَّهُ أَوْ أَخَاهُ أَوْ ذَا رَحِمٍ أَوْ قَطْعَ قَرَابَةٍ أَوْ مَأْثَماً فِيهِ يُقِيمُ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ أَمْراً لَا يَصْلُحُ لَهُ فِعْلُهُ فَقَالَ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ قَبْلَ الْيَمِينِ وَ لَا يَمِينَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ.
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has taken an oath. He takes an oath to walk to al-Ka’bah or to pay charity or free a slave, vow, or to offer an offering animal if he speaks to his father or mother or his brother or a relative. Alternatively, he takes an oath to cut off relation with re
ادْنِي يَا فُلَانَةُ فَكُلِي مَعِي فَقَالَتْ لَا فَحَلَفَتْ وَ جَعَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا الْمَشْيَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ وَ عِتْقَ مَا تَمْلِكُ وَ أَلَّا يُظِلَّهَا وَ إِيَّاهَا سَقْفُ بَيْتٍ وَ لَا تَأْكُلَ مَعَهَا عَلَى خِوَانٍ أَبَداً فَقَالَتِ الْأُخْرَى مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَحَمَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ حَنْظَلَةَ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع مَقَالَتَهُمَا فَقَالَ أَنَا قَاضٍ فِي ذَا قُلْ لَهَا فَلْتَأْكُلْ وَ لْيُظِلَّهَا وَ إِيَّاهَا سَق
“A woman of the family of al-Mukhtar took an oath against her sister or a relative. She asked her to join her for food but she refused. She then took an oath and made it upon her-self to walk to the house of Allah, free a slave and never to live under one roof with her or eat with her on one table, and the other one di
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِلَّهِ عَلَيَّ الْمَشْيُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ إِنِ اشْتَرَيْتُ لِأَهْلِي شَيْئاً بِنَسِيئَةٍ فَقَالَ أَ يَشُقُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَشُقُّ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ لَا يَأْخُذَ لَهُمْ شَيْئاً بِنَسِيئَةٍ قَالَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ لَهُمْ بِنَسِيئَةٍ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ.
“I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man who says, ‘It is on me to walk to al-Ka’bah if I can buy certain things for my family on credit. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Is that difficult on them?’ I replied, ‘Yes, it is difficult for them not to take for them anything on credit.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must ta
فِي رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ أَنْ لَا يَتَكَلَّمَ ذَا قَرَابَةٍ لَهُ قَالَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ فَلْيُكَلِّمِ الَّذِي حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَالَ كُلُّ يَمِينٍ لَا يُرَادُ بِهَا وَجْهُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ[1] فِي طَلَاقٍ أَوْ عِتْقٍ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ جَعَلَتْ مَالَهَا هَدْياً لِبَيْتِ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَعَارَتْ مَتَاعَهَا لِفُلَانَةَ وَ فُلَانَةَ فَأَعَارَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِهَا بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِهَا
“About the case of a man who takes an oath not to speak to a certain relative, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It does not have any valid effect. He must speak to one about whom he has taken an oath not to speak.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Any oath which is not for the sake of Allah does not have any valid effect, wh
قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ بِالْأَيْمَانِ الْمُغَلَّظَةِ أَنْ لَا يَشْتَرِيَ لِأَهْلِهِ شَيْئاً قَالَ فَلْيَشْتَرِ لَهُمْ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ فِي يَمِينِهِ.
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who takes an oath very seriously not to buy for his family. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must buy for them and he does not owe anything because of his oath.’”
وَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ قَالَ لِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَّمَ نَبِيَّهُ التَّنْزِيلَ وَ التَّأْوِيلَ فَعَلَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلِيّاً ع قَالَ وَ عَلَّمَنَا وَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا صَنَعْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَوْ حَلَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ يَمِينٍ فِي تَقِيَّةٍ فَأَنْتُمْ مِنْهُ فِي سَعَةٍ.
“By Allah, Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, said to me that Allah taught Tamil and Taw’il (what was revealed and what it meant) to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, who taught it to Ali (a.s.).’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He by Allah
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا يَمِينَ فِي غَضَبٍ وَ لَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ وَ لَا فِي جَبْرٍ وَ لَا فِي إِكْرَاهٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ فَمَا فَرْقٌ بَيْنَ الْإِكْرَاهِ وَ الْجَبْرِ قَالَ الْجَبْرُ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ وَ يَكُونُ الْإِكْرَاهُ مِنَ الزَّوْجَةِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْأَبِ وَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِشَيْءٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Taking an oath in anger does not have any valid effect or to cut off relations with relatives, by Jabr (force) or Ikrah (coercion, dislike).’ I (the narrator) then asked saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, what is the difference between forced and coerced?’ He (the Imam) said,
قَالَ: لَا يَمِينَ فِي غَضَبٍ وَ لَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ وَ لَا فِي إِجْبَارٍ وَ لَا فِي إِكْرَاهٍ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ فَمَا الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ الْإِكْرَاهِ وَ الْإِجْبَارِ قَالَ الْإِجْبَارُ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ وَ يَكُونُ الْإِكْرَاهُ مِنَ الزَّوْجَةِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْأَبِ وَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِشَيْءٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘An oath in anger or to cut off relations with relatives, by Jabr (force) or Ikrah (coercion, dislike) does not have any valid effect.’ I (the narrator) then asked saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, what is the difference between forced and coerced?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Force
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ فَيَرَى أَنَّ تَرْكَهَا أَفْضَلُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْهَا خَشِيَ أَنْ يَأْثَمَ أَ يَتْرُكُهَا فَقَالَ أَ مَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا رَأَيْتَ خَيْراً مِنْ يَمِينِكَ فَدَعْهَا.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who vows to do a certain thing then finds out that not doing it is better. If he disregards it, he is afraid of committing a sin. Can he disregard it? He (the Imam) said, ‘Have you not heard the words of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to
فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَّا قَالَ لآِدَمَ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ لَهُ يَا آدَمُ لَا تَقْرَبْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ قَالَ وَ أَرَاهُ إِيَّاهَا فَقَالَ آدَمُ لِرَبِّهِ كَيْفَ أَقْرَبُهَا وَ قَدْ نَهَيْتَنِي عَنْهَا أَنَا وَ زَوْجَتِي قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا لَا تَقْرَبَاهَا يَعْنِي لَا تَأْكُلَا مِنْهَا فَقَالَ آدَمُ وَ زَوْجَتُهُ نَعَمْ يَا رَبَّنَا لَا نَقْرَبُهَا وَ لَا نَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا وَ لَمْ يَسْتَثْ
2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from abu Ja‘far al-Ahwal from Salam ibn al-Mustanir who has narrated the following: “This is about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. ‘. . . We made a covenant wi
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ حَلَفَ سِرّاً فَلْيَسْتَثْنِ سِرّاً وَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَانِيَةً فَلْيَسْتَثْنِ عَلَانِيَةً.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘If one takes an oath privately, he must make the exception privately; and if one takes an oath in public, he must make the exception in public.’”
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ فَلا أُقْسِمُ بِمَواقِعِ النُّجُومِ[1] قَالَ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَحْلِفُونَ بِهَا فَقَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَلا أُقْسِمُ بِمَواقِعِ النُّجُومِ قَالَ عَظُمَ أَمْرُ مَنْ يَحْلِفُ بِهَا قَالَ وَ كَانَتِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةُ يُعَظِّمُونَ الْمُحَرَّمَ وَ لَا يُقْسِمُونَ بِهِ وَ لَا بِشَهْرِ رَجَبٍ وَ لَا يَعْرِضُونَ فِيهِمَا لِمَنْ كَانَ فِيهِمَ
“This is about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. ‘I do not swear by the places of the stars.’ (56:75) Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘People of the community of ignorance swore by the places of stars and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, said, “I do not swear by the places of stars.’
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَلا أُقْسِمُ بِمَواقِعِ النُّجُومِ قَالَ أُعَظِّمُ إِثْمَ مَنْ يَحْلِفُ بِهَا قَالَ وَ كَانَ أَهْلُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يُعَظِّمُونَ الْحَرَمَ وَ لَا يُقْسِمُونَ بِهِ يَسْتَحِلُّونَ حُرْمَةَ اللَّهِ فِيهِ وَ لَا يَعْرِضُونَ لِمَنْ كَانَ فِيهِ وَ لَا يُخْرِجُونَ مِنْهُ دَابَّةً فَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى- لا أُقْسِمُ بِهذَا الْبَلَدِ وَ أَنْتَ حِلٌّ بِهذَا الْبَل
“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the meaning of the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘I do not swear by the places of the stars.’ (56:75) He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a great sin on one who swears thereby. The community of ignorance held al-Haram (the sacred area) with greatness. They did not swear