Marriage

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- الزَّانِي لا يَنْكِحُ إِلَّا زانِيَةً أَوْ مُشْرِكَةً فَقَالَ كُنَّ نِسْوَةٌ مَشْهُورَاتٌ بِالزِّنَا وَ رِجَالٌ مَشْهُورُونَ بِالزِّنَا قَدْ عُرِفُوا بِذَلِكَ وَ النَّاسُ الْيَوْمَ بِتِلْكَ الْمَنْزِلَةِ فَمَنْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ حَدُّ الزِّنَا أَوْ شُهِرَ بِهِ لَمْ يَنْبَغِ لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُنَاكِحَهُ‌ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَ مِنْهُ التَّوْبَةَ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the word of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘A prostitute man cannot marry but a prostitute woman or a pagan.’ (24:4) He (the Imam) said, ‘They were well-known prostitute females and males. Today people who are convicted for fornication and punish

هُمْ رِجَالٌ وَ نِسَاءٌ كَانُوا عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص مَشْهُورِينَ بِالزِّنَا فَنَهَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْ أُولَئِكَ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ وَ النَّاسُ الْيَوْمَ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْمَنْزِلَةِ مَنْ شَهَرَ شَيْئاً مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أُقِيمَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدُّ فَلَا تُزَوِّجُوهُ حَتَّى تُعْرَفَ تَوْبَتُهُ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the word of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘A prostitute man cannot marry but a prostitute woman or a pagan,’ (24:4) has said, ‘During the time of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, there were well-known

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَعَلِمَ بَعْدَ مَا تَزَوَّجَهَا أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ زَنَتْ قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ زَوْجُهَا أَنْ يَأْخُذَ الصَّدَاقَ مِنَ الَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا وَ لَهَا الصَّدَاقُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهَا[2].

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and afterwards finds out that she had committed fornication. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the husband wants he can take back from her guardian the mahr that he has paid, but she deserves the mahr because of which her ma

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ لَا خَيْرَ فِي وَلَدِ الزِّنَا وَ لَا فِي بَشَرِهِ وَ لَا فِي شَعْرِهِ وَ لَا فِي لَحْمِهِ وَ لَا فِي دَمِهِ وَ لَا فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْهُ عَجَزَتْ عَنْهُ السَّفِينَةُ وَ قَدْ حُمِلَ فِيهَا الْكَلْبُ وَ الْخِنْزِيرُ.

There is no goodness in one who is born out of wedlock, not in his skin, his hair, his flesh, his blood and not in anything of him, the Ark (of Noah) failed to carry him even though dogs and pigs had embarked therein.’”

إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ فِي الْجَهْرِ[3] ثُمَّ قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ إِنْسَاناً زَنَى ثُمَّ تَابَ تَزَوَّجَ حَيْثُ شَاءَ.

This is about well- known, and openly committing prostitution.’ He (the Imam) then said, ’If one after committing fornication repents he can marry as he wants.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحِلُ‌ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً كَانَ يَفْجُرُ بِهَا فَقَالَ إِنْ آنَسَ مِنْهَا رُشْداً فَنَعَمْ وَ إِلَّا فَلْيُرَاوِدَنَّهَا عَلَى الْحَرَامِ فَإِنْ تَابَعَتْهُ فَهِيَ عَلَيْهِ حَرَامٌ وَ إِنْ أَبَتْ فَلْيَتَزَوَّجْهَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has committed fornication with a woman; if he can marry her. He (the Imam) said, if he finds her to have gained wisdom then he can do so, otherwise, he can try her by offering unlawful choices; if she follows then it is unlawful

أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا حَلَالًا قَالَ أَوَّلُهُ سِفَاحٌ وَ آخِرُهُ نِكَاحٌ وَ مَثَلُهُ مَثَلُ النَّخْلَةِ أَصَابَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ ثَمَرِهَا حَرَاماً ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا بَعْدُ فَكَانَتْ لَهُ حَلَالًا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, If a man commits an indecent act (goes to bed with her out of wedlock) with a woman and then decides to marry her, it is a case of indecency in the beginning and then marriage, like a palm tree that one uses its fruit in an unlawful manner then buys the whole tree in a lawful manner an

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا فَقَالَ حَلَالٌ أَوَّلُهُ سِفَاحٌ وَ آخِرُهُ نِكَاحٌ أَوَّلُهُ حَرَامٌ وَ آخِرُهُ حَلَالٌ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who commits an indecent act (goes to bed with her out of wedlock), then decides to marry her. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is lawful, although in the beginning, it is indecency, and at the end is marriage; in the beginning, (it is) unlawfu

قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَفْجُرُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لَهُ فِي تَزْوِيجِهَا هَلْ يَحِلُّ لَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا هُوَ اجْتَنَبَهَا حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا بِاسْتِبْرَاءِ رَحِمِهَا مِنْ مَاءِ الْفُجُورِ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَ إِنَّمَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ يَقِفَ عَلَى تَوْبَتِهَا.[1]

This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who commits an indecent act (goes to bed with her out of wedlock) with a woman and then decides to marry her; if it is lawful for him. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is lawful if he waits until her waiting period is complete to cleans he

إِذَا أَصَابَ الْمُسْلِمَةَ فَمَا يَصْنَعُ بِالْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ يَكُونُ لَهُ فِيهَا الْهَوَى فَقَالَ إِنْ فَعَلَ فَلْيَمْنَعْهَا مِنْ شُرْبِ الْخَمْرِ وَ أَكْلِ لَحْمِ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ فِي دِينِهِ غَضَاضَةً[2].

“About the case of a man who marries a Jewish or a Christian woman, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘What has he to do with a Jewish or Christian woman if he can find a Muslim woman?’ I (the narrator) asked, ‘What happens if he loves her?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he marries, he must stop her from drinking wine and ea

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ فَقَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ لِلْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ يَهُودِيَّةً وَ لَا نَصْرَانِيَّةً وَ إِنَّمَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنْهُنَّ نِكَاحُ الْبُلْهِ.

‘It is not proper for a Muslim to marry a Jewish or Christian woman; only with the simple-minded ones of them marriage is lawful.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع أَ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَجُوسِيَّةَ قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أَمَةً.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), if it is lawful to marry a Zoroastrian woman. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, however, she can be his slave-girl.’”

لَا يَتَزَوَّجُ الْيَهُودِيَّةَ وَ لَا النَّصْرَانِيَّةَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمَةِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘A Jewish or a Christian woman cannot become a second wife, the first being a Muslim woman.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ أَ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا الرَّجُلُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمَةِ قَالَ لَا وَ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمُسْلِمَةَ عَلَى الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ.

“This is concerning my question before him (the Imam) (a.s.), if one can marry a Jewish or a Christian woman as a second wife, the first being a Muslim woman. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, but a Muslim woman can become a second wife, the first being a Jewish or a Christian woman.’”

قَالَ لِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ يَتَزَوَّجُ نَصْرَانِيَّةً عَلَى مُسْلِمَةٍ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ وَ مَا قَوْلِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ قَالَ لَتَقُولَنَّ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ يُعْلَمُ بِهِ قَوْلِي قُلْتُ‌لَا يَجُوزُ تَزْوِيجُ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ عَلَى مُسْلِمَةٍ وَ لَا غَيْرِ مُسْلِمَةٍ قَالَ وَ لِمَ قُلْتُ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ لا تَنْكِحُوا الْمُشْرِكاتِ‌ حَتَّى يُؤ

6. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from al-Hassan ibn al-Jahm who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), once said to me, ‘O abu Muhammad, what do you say about a man who marries a Jewish or a Christian woman, as a second wife, the first being a Muslim woman?’ I

لَا يَنْبَغِي نِكَاحُ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ وَ أَيْنَ تَحْرِيمُهُ قَالَ قَوْلُهُ‌ وَ لا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوافِرِ[1].

‘It is not proper to marry a woman of the people of the book (bible).’ I then asked, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, where is its unlawfulness mentioned?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is in His words, ‘You must not hold on to your unbelieving wives.’ (60:10)”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ الْمُحْصَناتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ‌ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ مَنْسُوخَةٌ بِقَوْلِهِ- وَ لا تُمْسِكُوا بِعِصَمِ الْكَوافِرِ[2].

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘Marry of the chaste women of those to whom the book was given before you.’ (5:5) He (the Imam) said, ‘It is cancelled by, ‘You must not hold on to your unbelieving wives.’ (60:10)”

إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ وَ جَمِيعَ مَنْ لَهُ ذِمَّةٌ إِذَا أَسْلَمَ أَحَدُ الزَّوْجَيْنِ فَهُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَهَا مِنْ دَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَى غَيْرِهَا وَ لَا يَبِيتَ مَعَهَا وَ لَكِنَّهُ يَأْتِيهَا بِالنَّهَارِ فَأَمَّا الْمُشْرِكُونَ مِثْلُ مُشْرِكِي الْعَرَبِ وَ غَيْرِهِمْ فَهُمْ عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمْ إِلَى انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ الرَّجُلُ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Of the non-Muslim taxpayers, if one spouse becomes a Muslim, their marriage remains valid and he cannot take her out of the Muslim domain to other areas or spend a night with her but he can meet her during the day. The pagans, like Arab pagans or others live with their marriage until the

لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ يَهُودِيَّةً وَ لَا نَصْرَانِيَّةً وَ هُوَ يَجِدُ مُسْلِمَةً حُرَّةً أَوْ أَمَةً.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not proper for a Muslim to marry a Jewish or a Christian woman if he can find a free Muslim woman or a slave-girl.’”

سَأَلْتُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهَا يَهُودِيَّةً فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ مَمَالِيكُ لِلْإِمَامِ وَ ذَلِكَ مُوَسَّعٌ مِنَّا عَلَيْكُمْ خَاصَّةً فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ‌ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ يَتَزَوَّجُ أَمَةً قَالَ لَا لَا يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ثَلَاثَ إِمَاءٍ فَإِنْ تَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهِمَا حُرَّةً مُسْلِمَةً وَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ لَهُ امْرَأَةً نَصْرَانِيَّة

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a Christian wife; if he can marry a Jewish woman as a second wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘People of the book are under the domain of the Imam and there is permission from us for you especially, so it is not unlawful to marry.’ I then asked, ‘Can he marry a

لَا بَأْسَ إِذَا اضْطُرَّ إِلَيْهَا.

“About the case of a free man who marries a slave-girl, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ’It is not unlawful if it is an emergency.’”

تَزَوَّجِ الْحُرَّةَ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ وَ لَا تَزَوَّجِ الْأَمَةَ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ وَ مَنْ تَزَوَّجَ أَمَةً عَلَى حُرَّةٍ فَنِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ.

“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A free woman can become a second wife, the first wife being a slave-girl; but a slave-girl cannot become a second wife, the first wife being a free woman. If one marries a slave-girl as a second wife, the first being a free woman, such marriage is invalid.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْأَمَةِ قَالَ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْحُرَّةَ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ وَ لَا تُتَزَوَّجُ الْأَمَةُ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ وَ نِكَاحُ الْأَمَةِ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ بَاطِلٌ وَ إِنِ اجْتَمَعَتْ عِنْدَكَ حُرَّةٌ وَ أَمَةٌ فَلِلْحُرَّةِ يَوْمَانِ وَ لِلْأَمَةِ يَوْمٌ لَا يَصْلُحُ نِكَاحُ الْأَمَةِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ مَوَالِيهَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the marriage with a slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘One can marry a free woman as a second wife, the first being a slave- girl, but he cannot marry a slave-girl as a second wife, the first being a free woman, and the marriage contract of slave-girl as

إِنْ شَاءَتِ الْحُرَّةُ أَنْ تُقِيمَ مَعَ الْأَمَةِ أَقَامَتْ وَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ ذَهَبَتْ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَرْضَ بِذَلِكَ وَ ذَهَبَتْ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا أَ فَلَهُ عَلَيْهَا سَبِيلٌ إِذَا لَمْ تَرْضَ بِالْمَقَامِ قَالَ لَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا إِذَا لَمْ تَرْضَ حِينَ تَعْلَمُ قُلْتُ فَذَهَابُهَا إِلَى أَهْلِهَا هُوَ طَلَاقُهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا خَرَجَتْ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ اعْتَدَّتْ ثَلَاثَةَ أ

“About the case of a man who marries a free woman and he has a wife who is a slave-girl and the free woman does not know that he has a slave-girl wife, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the free woman wants to live with his slave-girl wife, she can do so and if she wants she can go to her family.’ I then asked, ‘If

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَلْ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمَةِ وَ الْأَمَةَ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ فَقَالَ لَا تُتَزَوَّجُ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى الْمُسْلِمَةِ وَ تُتَزَوَّجُ الْمُسْلِمَةُ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ وَ لِلْمُسْلِمَةِ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِلْأَمَةِ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ الثُّلُثُ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), if a man can marry a Christian woman as a second wife, the first being a Muslim woman or a slave-girl as a second wife, the first being a free woman. He (the Imam) said, ‘He cannot marry anyone of them as a second wife, the first being a Muslim woman. One ca

سَأَلْتُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْأَمَةَ قَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يُضْطَرَّ إِلَى ذَلِكَ.

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the marriage of a slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, unless it is an emergency.’”

لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ الْحُرُّ الْمَمْلُوكَةَ الْيَوْمَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ حَيْثُ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا[1] وَ الطَّوْلُ الْمَهْرُ وَ مَهْرُ الْحُرَّةِ الْيَوْمَ مَهْرُ الْأَمَةِ أَوْ أَقَلُّ.

‘It is not proper today for a free man to marry a slave- girl. It was permissible as Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘If one cannot find resources. . . .’ (4:25) Resources is a reference to mahr (dower). Today mahr (dower) is like the mahr (dower) of slave-girls or less.’”

لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُسْلِمِ الْمُوسِرِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الْأَمَةَ إِلَّا أَنْ لَا يَجِدَ حُرَّةً فَكَذَلِكَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا فِي حَالِ الضَّرُورَةِ حَيْثُ لَا يَجِدُ مُسْلِمَةً حُرَّةً وَ لَا أَمَةً.

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not proper for an affluent Muslim man to marry a slave-girl unless he cannot find a free woman. So also, it is not proper for him to marry a woman from the people of the book unless it is an emergency when he cannot find a free Muslim woman or a slave- girl.’”

لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلْحُرِّ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الْأَمَةَ وَ هُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الْأَمَةَ عَلَى الْحُرَّةِ وَ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الْحُرَّةَ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ فَإِنْ تَزَوَّجَ الْحُرَّةَ عَلَى الْأَمَةِ فَلِلْحُرَّةِ يَوْمَانِ وَ لِلْأَمَةِ يَوْمٌ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not proper for a free man to marry a slave-girl when he is able to marry a free woman, and it is not proper for him to marry a slave-girl as a second wife, the first being a free woman but it is not unlawful to marry a free woman as a second wife, the first being a slave-girl; a

نُهِيَ عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْمَرْأَتَيْنِ لَيْسَ لِوَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا صَدَاقٌ إِلَّا بُضْعُ صَاحِبَتِهَا وَ قَالَ لَا يَحِلُّ أَنْ يَنْكِحَ وَاحِدَةً مِنْهُمَا إِلَّا بِصَدَاقٍ وَ نِكَاحِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah, or abu Ja‘far (a.s.), prohibited marriage of two women without assigning any mahr (dower) for anyone of them except that this agrees for marriage because of the other woman’s agreeing to marry because she (the other woman) has done so.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا جَلَبَ وَ لَا جَنَبَ وَ لَا شِغَارَ[1] فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الشِّغَارُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ ابْنَتَهُ أَوْ أُخْتَهُ وَ يَتَزَوَّجَ هُوَ ابْنَةَ الْمُتَزَوِّجِ أَوْ أُخْتَهُ وَ لَا يَكُونَ بَيْنَهُمَا مَهْرٌ غَيْرُ تَزْوِيجِ هَذَا مِنْ هَذَا وَ هَذَا مِنْ هَذَا.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘In Islam al-Jalb, al-Janb and Shighar are not permissible. Shighar is one man’s giving in marriage his daughter or sister to another man to m

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنْ نِكَاحِ الشِّغَارِ وَ هِيَ الْمُمَانَحَةُ[2] وَ هُوَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ زَوِّجْنِي ابْنَتَكَ حَتَّى أُزَوِّجَكَ ابْنَتِي عَلَى أَنْ لَا مَهْرَ بَيْنَهُمَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited marriage in the manner of Shighar which is giving away and it is done by one man’s saying to the other man, ‘Give your daughter in marriage to me so tha

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَ يَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّ وَلَدِ أَبِيهَا فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ أَبِيكَ أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع تَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع وَ أُمَّ وَلَدِ الْحَسَنِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا سَأَلَنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ لَيْسَ هَكَذَا إِنَّمَا تَزَوَّجَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع ابْنَةَ الْحَسَنِ وَ

“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman then marries the mother of the child of her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I then asked, ‘It is narrated to us from your father (a.s.), that Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.), married, daughter of al-Hassan ibn Ali (a.s.), and mother o

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَ يَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ لِأَبِيهَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and a mother of the child of her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.”’

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَهَبُ لِزَوْجِ ابْنَتِهِ الْجَارِيَةَ وَ قَدْ وَطِئَهَا أَ يَطَؤُهَا زَوْجُ ابْنَتِهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives as a gift his slave- girl with whom he has gone to bed, to his son in-law; if his son in-law can go to bed with this slave- girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’”

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ الرِّضَا ع فَسَأَلَهُ صَفْوَانُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ رَجُلٍ وَ لِلرَّجُلِ امْرَأَةٌ وَ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ فَمَاتَ أَبُو الْجَارِيَةِ أَ يَحِلُّ لِلرَّجُلِ الْمُتَزَوِّجِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ أُمُّ وَلَدِهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

“Once I was with al-Rida’ (a.s.), when Safwan asked about a man who has married the daughter of a man and the man has a woman and a mother of child. The father of the girl dies; if this man can marry the wife and mother of the child of the deceased. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَأَهْدَى لَهَا أَبُوهَا جَارِيَةً كَانَ يَطَؤُهَا أَ يَحِلُّ لِزَوْجِهَا أَنْ يَطَأَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and her father gives her a slave-girl with whom he has gone to bed, as a gift; if her husband can go to bed with the slave-girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ فَمَاتَ عَنْهَا سَيِّدُهَا وَ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَلَدٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ أُمِّ وَلَدِهِ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَرَادَ الَّذِي تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ الْوَلَدِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ سَيِّدِهَا الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهَا فَيَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهَا وَ بَيْنَ بِنْتِ سَيِّدِهَا الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries the mother of the child of a man and her master dies. The deceased has a child from a woman other than his mother of the child; if the man who has married the mother of the child can marry the daughter of her master who ha

سَأَلَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ هِشَامَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ اللَّهُ حَكِيماً قَالَ بَلَى وَ هُوَ أَحْكَمُ الْحَاكِمِينَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَانْكِحُوا ما طابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّساءِ مَثْنى‌ وَ ثُلاثَ وَ رُباعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَواحِدَةً[1] أَ لَيْسَ هَذَا فَرْضاً قَالَ بَلَى قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ ت

“Once, ibn abu al-‘Awja’ asked Hisham ibn al-Hakam, ’Is not Allah wise?’ Hisham ibn al-Hakam replied, ’Yes, He is. He is the most firm of the judges.’ He (ibn abu al-’Awja’) then asked, ’Tell me about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, “Marry whomever of women you like, two, three or four and if you fear

إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَحَلَّ الْفَرْجَ لِعِلَلِ مَقْدُرَةِ الْعِبَادِ فِي الْقُوَّةِ عَلَى الْمَهْرِ وَ الْقُدْرَةِ عَلَى الْإِمْسَاكِ فَقَالَ‌ فَانْكِحُوا ما طابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّساءِ مَثْنى‌ وَ ثُلاثَ وَ رُباعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَواحِدَةً أَوْ ما مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ‌[1] وَ قَالَ‌ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَناتِ الْمُؤْمِناتِ فَمِنْ ما مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Hisham ibn al-Hakam who has said the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘Allah, most High has made marriage lawful on the basis of His servants’ ability to pay mahr (dower) and their ability to provide maintenance, so He has said, “Marry wh

يَحِلُّ الْفَرْجُ بِثَلَاثٍ نِكَاحٍ بِمِيرَاثٍ وَ نِكَاحٍ بِلَا مِيرَاثٍ وَ نِكَاحِ مِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ‌[1].

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Marriage is of three conditions: It is with right for inheritance, or without the right for inheritance, or it is marriage with the right of ownership.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ يَحِلُّ الْفَرْجُ بِثَلَاثٍ نِكَاحٍ بِمِيرَاثٍ وَ نِكَاحٍ بِلَا مِيرَاثٍ وَ نِكَاحٍ بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ.

‘Marriage becomes lawful with three conditions: marriage with the right for inheritance, without inheritance, and with the right for ownership.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ يَحِلُّ الْفَرْجُ بِثَلَاثٍ نِكَاحٍ بِمِيرَاثٍ وَ نِكَاحٍ بِلَا مِيرَاثٍ وَ نِكَاحٍ بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ.

‘Marriage becomes lawful with three conditions: marriage with the right for inheritance, without inheritance, and with the right for ownership.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةَ أَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّمَا يَشْتَرِيهَا بِأَغْلَى الثَّمَنِ‌[1].

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who wanted to marry a woman if he could look at her. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so because he wants to pay a high price/”

لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى وَجْهِهَا وَ مَعَاصِمِهَا إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا[2].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not unlawful for a man to look at her face and hands to wrists, if he wants to marry her.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الْمَرْأَةَ يَتَأَمَّلُهَا وَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى خَلْفِهَا وَ إِلَى وَجْهِهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَنْظُرَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا يَنْظُرَ إِلَى خَلْفِهَا وَ إِلَى وَجْهِهَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who wants to marry a woman; if he can think about her, look behind her and to her face. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is lawful for a man to look at the woman, if he wants to marry, behind her and to her face/”

أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ فَلِمَ يُعْطِي مَالَهُ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who looks at a woman before he marries her. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so; then what for he gives his assets?’”

قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ يَنْظُرُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ يُرِيدُ تَزْوِيجَهَا فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَى شَعْرِهَا وَ مَحَاسِنِهَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُتَلَذِّذاً.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who wants to marry a woman; if he can look to her hairs and beauty. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is lawful if it is not with lust.’”

لَمَّا بَلَغَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ رَجُلًا تَزَوَّجَ فِي سَاعَةٍ حَارَّةٍ عِنْدَ نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع مَا أَرَاهُمَا يَتَّفِقَانِ فَافْتَرَقَا.

“When it was mentioned to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), that a man married a woman during the heat of the midday, abu Ja’far (a.s.), said, ‘I do not see they can agree.’ They then separated from each other (as he (the Imam) had mentioned).’”

إِنَّكَ تَزَوَّجْتَهَا فِي سَاعَةٍ حَارَّةٍ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), said to me, T wanted to marry a woman but my father disliked it. I went and married her and afterwards I went to see her. I looked at her and did not see anything attractive to me. I stood up to leave but her guard with her went to the door to close it on me. I told her not to do so and she could ha