The Book of Prayer

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ أَكْثِرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَيَّ فِي اللَّيْلَةِ الْغَرَّاءِ وَ الْيَوْمِ الْأَزْهَرِ- لَيْلَةِ الْجُمُعَةِ وَ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَسُئِلَ إِلَى كَمِ الْكَثِيرُ قَالَ إِلَى مِائَةٍ وَ مَا زَادَتْ فَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Say a great number of times, “Allahumma Salli ‘Ala Muhammad wa ‘Ali Muhammad (O Allah, please, grant Muhammad and his family a compensation worthy of their serving Your cause)” on the brilliant day and blossoming night of Friday.’ He was asked abou

مَا مِنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ يُعْبَدُ اللَّهُ بِهِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘On Friday no other form of obedience to Allah is more beloved to me than saying, “Allahumma Salli ‘Ala Muhammad wa ‘Ali Muhammad (O Allah grant Muhammad and his family compensation worthy of their serving Your cause.)””’

قَالَ: إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَقُلِ اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْأَوْصِيَاءِ الْمَرْضِيِّينَ بِأَفْضَلِ صَلَوَاتِكَ وَ بَارِكْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِأَفْضَلِ بَرَكَاتِكَ وَ السَّلَامُ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ قَالَهَا فِي دُبُرِ الْعَصْرِ كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ حَسَنَةٍ وَ مَحَا عَنْهُ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ سَيِّئَةٍ وَ قَضَى لَهُ بِهَا

4. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad in a marfu‘ manner (from the Imam) who has said the following: “After completing Friday Salah (prayer) say, ‘Allahumma Salli ‘Ala Muhammad wa ‘Ali Muhammad. . . (O Allah grant Muhammad and his family a compensation worthy of their serving Your cause, the well accepte

أَنَّ مَنْ قَالَهَا سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ رَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ كُلِّ عَبْدٍ حَسَنَةً وَ كَانَ عَمَلُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ مَقْبُولًا وَ جَاءَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ نُورٌ.

5. The narrator of the previous Hadith has narrated that if one says the expression stated in the previous Hadith seven times, Allah in return grants him one good from every servant. On that day his deeds are accepted and on the Day of Judgment he will come with a light between his eyes.”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ يُسْتَحَبُّ أَنْ تَقْرَأَ فِي دُبُرِ الْغَدَاةِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ الرَّحْمَنَ‌[1] كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ تَقُولَ كُلَّمَا قُلْتَ- فَبِأَيِّ آلاءِ رَبِّكُما تُكَذِّبانِ‌ لَا بِشَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ آلَائِكَ رَبِّ أُكَذِّبُ.

“I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘It is preferable to recite Chapter 55 of the Holy Quran after the morning Salah (prayer) on Friday morning and after reciting the verse that says, “Which of the bounties of your Lord do you then deny?” say, ‘I do not deny anyone of the bounties of my Lord.’”

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مَنْ قَرَأَ الْكَهْفَ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةِ جُمُعَةٍ كَانَتْ كَفَّارَةَ مَا بَيْنَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلَى الْجُمُعَةِ. - قَالَ وَ رَوَى غَيْرُهُ أَيْضاً فِيمَنْ قَرَأَهَا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one recites chapter 18 of the Holy Quran every Friday night, it serves as an expiation for the matters from this to the next Friday.’” The narrator of the Hadith has said that people other than him also have narrated about reciting this Chapter after the afternoon Salah (prayer) on

كَانَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع يُبَكِّرُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ حِينَ تَكُونُ الشَّمْسُ قَدْرَ رُمْحٍ فَإِذَا كَانَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ يَكُونُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ وَ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِنَّ لِجُمَعِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى جُمَعِ سَائِرِ الشُّهُورِ فَضْلًا كَفَضْلِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى سَائِرِ الشُّهُورِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), would go to Masjid early Friday morning after sunrise when the sun would rise by about one spear’s length (above the horizon). In the month of Ramadan he would do so earlier and say, ‘The Fridays of the month of Ramadan have extra excellence over the Fridays of other months, just as the month of Ram

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي رَجُلٍ أَدْرَكَ الْجُمُعَةَ وَ قَدِ ازْدَحَمَ النَّاسُ فَكَبَّرَ مَعَ الْإِمَامِ وَ رَكَعَ وَ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى السُّجُودِ وَ قَامَ الْإِمَامُ وَ النَّاسُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ وَ قَامَ هَذَا مَعَهُمْ فَرَكَعَ الْإِمَامُ وَ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ هَذَا عَلَى الرُّكُوعِ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ مِنَ الزِّحَامِ وَ قَدَرَ عَلَى السُّجُودِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَب

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘If a man attends Friday in a dense crowd when the Imam says Takbir (Allah is great beyond description) and performs Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees), this man also performs Ruku‘ but cannot perform Sajdah (prostration). The Imam and the people stand up for the second Rak‘at

قِيلَ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَزْعُمُ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ أَنَّ النُّورَةَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ مَكْرُوهَةٌ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ حَيْثُ ذَهَبَ أَيُّ طَهُورٍ أَطْهَرُ مِنَ النُّورَةِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ.[3]

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah in a marfu‘ manner saying: “Someone said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘Certain people consider applying Nurah (lime as hair cleaner) on Friday as undesirable.’ The Imam said, ‘It is not as they say. No other cleaner is a better cleaner on Friday than Nurah.’” (The

صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عِنْدَ الزَّوَالِ فَقُلْتُ بِأَبِي وَ أُمِّي وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ فَقَالَ وَقْتُ مَا تَسْتَقِيلُ إِبِلَكَ فَقُلْتُ إِذَا كُنْتُ فِي غَيْرِ سَفَرٍ فَقَالَ عَلَى أَقَلَّ مِنْ قَدَمٍ ثُلُثَيْ قَدَمٍ وَقْتُ الْعَصْرِ.

“Once I performed Salah (prayer) behind abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), at the time of Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) and I asked, saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, when is it time for al-‘Asr Salah (prayer)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is when you release your camel.’ I

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ وَقْتِ الظُّهْرِ فِي يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي السَّفَرِ فَقَالَ عِنْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ وَ ذَلِكَ وَقْتُهَا يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي غَيْرِ السَّفَرِ.

‘It is at Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) which is its time on Friday when one is not on a journey.’”

كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ أَوْ عَجَّلَتْ بِهِ حَاجَةٌ يَجْمَعُ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ وَ بَيْنَ الْمَغْرِبِ وَ الْعِشَاءِ قَالَ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تُعَجِّلَ عِشَاءَ الْآخِرَةِ فِي السَّفَرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَغِيبَ الشَّفَقُ.

‘The Messenger of Allah, when on a journey or being in need for something, would perform al-Dhuhr and al-‘Asr Salah (prayer) together soon one after the other, as well as al-Maghrib and al-‘Isha’ Salah (prayer).’ He (the narrator) has said that abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not harmful to perform al-‘Isha’ al

كُنْتُ أَنَا وَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا مُتَرَافِقِينَ فِيهِمْ مُيَسِّرٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَارْتَحَلْنَا وَ نَحْنُ نَشُكُّ فِي الزَّوَالِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ فَامْشُوا بِنَا قَلِيلًا حَتَّى نَتَيَقَّنَ الزَّوَالَ ثُمَّ نُصَلِّيَ فَفَعَلْنَا فَمَا مَشَيْنَا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا حَتَّى عَرَضَ لَنَا قِطَارُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقُلْتُ أَتَى الْقِطَارُ فَرَأَيْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَ

“Once a few persons of our people and I were in a company, among them was Muyassir, between Makkah and al-Madinah. As we traveled, we were in doubt about the time of Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime). Certain ones among us said that we must walk for a while until we are certain about Zawal, then

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ وَقْتُ الْمَغْرِبِ فِي السَّفَرِ إِلَى ثُلُثِ اللَّيْلِ وَ رُوِيَ أَيْضاً إِلَى نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ.

The time for al-Maghrib on a journey is up to one-third of the night.’ It is also narrated that it is up to midnight.”

التَّقْصِيرُ فِي بَرِيدٍ وَ الْبَرِيدُ أَرْبَعَةُ فَرَاسِخَ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Salah (prayer) is reduced after traveling a distance of one barid and one barid is four farasikh (which is twelve miles).”’

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَدْنَى مَا يَقْصُرُ فِيهِ الْمُسَافِرُ فَقَالَ بَرِيدٌ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the minimum distance after the traveling of which a traveler reduces his Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is one barid.’”

بَيْنَا نَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ وَ أَبِي عِنْدَ وَالٍ لِبَنِي أُمَيَّةَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ إِذْ جَاءَ أَبِي فَجَلَسَ فَقَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْدَ هَذَا قُبَيْلُ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنِ التَّقْصِيرِ فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ فِي ثَلَاثٍ‌[1] وَ قَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ وَ قَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ رَوْحَةٍ فَسَأَلَنِي‌[2] فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ جَبْرَئِيلُ ع بِالتَّقْصِيرِ قَالَ لَهُ النَّب

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Khazzaz from certain persons of our people who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Once we were sitting and my father was with the governor of banu ‘Umayyah over the people of al-Madinah. My father came back

سُئِلَ عَنْ حَدِّ الْأَمْيَالِ الَّتِي يَجِبُ فِيهَا التَّقْصِيرُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص جَعَلَ حَدَّ الْأَمْيَالِ مِنْ ظِلِّ عَيْرٍ إِلَى ظِلِّ وُعَيْرٍ وَ هُمَا جَبَلَانِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَإِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَقَعَ ظِلُّ عَيْرٍ إِلَى ظِلِّ وُعَيْرٍ وَ هُوَ الْمِيلُ الَّذِي وَضَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلَيْهِ التَّقْصِيرَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the limit of the miles which is involved in Taqsir (reducing Salah (prayer) on a journey after traveling a certain distance). Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘The Messenger of Allah had determined the limits of such mile to be from the shadow of ‘Ayr to the shadow of O’ Ayr and they

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ قَوْمٍ خَرَجُوا فِي سَفَرٍ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَوْا إِلَى الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهِ التَّقْصِيرُ قَصَّرُوا مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمَّا صَارُوا عَلَى فَرْسَخَيْنِ أَوْ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ فَرَاسِخَ أَوْ أَرْبَعَةٍ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ لَا يَسْتَقِيمُ لَهُمْ سَفَرُهُمْ إِلَّا بِهِ فَأَقَامُوا يَنْتَظِرُونَ مَجِيئَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ هُمْ لَا يَسْتَقِيمُ لَهُمُ السَّفَرُ إِلَّا بِ

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a people who are on a journey. When they arrived at the place where they were required to perform their Salah (prayer) in a reduced form, they reduced their Salah (prayer). After traveling two, three, or four farsakh, one of them without whom their journey could not

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يُرِيدُ السَّفَرَ مَتَى يُقَصِّرُ قَالَ إِذَا تَوَارَى مِنَ الْبُيُوتِ قَالَ قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يُرِيدُ السَّفَرَ فَيَخْرُجُ حِينَ تَزُولُ الشَّمْسُ قَالَ إِذَا خَرَجْتَ فَصَلِّ رَكْعَتَيْنِ. - وَ رَوَى الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ وَ فَضَالَةَ عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ مِثْلَهُ.

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who wants to travel. Where is he required to apply the rules about journey? He (the Imam) said, ‘He must apply them where houses become invisible to him? I then asked, ‘A man begins his journey on Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime). What is he requi

سَمِعْتُ الرِّضَا ع يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ وَ أَنْتَ فِي الْمِصْرِ وَ أَنْتَ تُرِيدُ السَّفَرَ فَأَتِمَّ فَإِذَا خَرَجْتَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ قَصِّرِ الْعَصْرَ.

“I once heard al-Rida’ (a.s.), say, ‘At Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) if you are in a city and want to travel, if you go out after Zawal perform al-‘Asr Salah in the reduced form.’”

خَرَجْتُ مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع حَتَّى أَتَيْنَا الشَّجَرَةَ فَقَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا نَبَّالُ قُلْتُ لَبَّيْكَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَذَا الْعَسْكَرِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ أَرْبَعاً غَيْرِي وَ غَيْرُكَ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ قَبْلَ أَنْ نَخْرُجَ.

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and I traveled until we were at al-Shajarah. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to me, ‘O Nabbal.’ I replied, ‘Yes Imam, I am here.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘In this group no one other than you and I, are required to perform our Salah (prayer) in four Rak‘at because it became the time for Salah (praye

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَدْخُلُ مِنْ سَفَرِهِ وَ قَدْ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ قَالَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَإِذَا خَرَجَ إِلَى سَفَرٍ وَ قَدْ دَخَلَ وَقْتُ الصَّلَاةِ فَلْيُصَلِّ أَرْبَعاً[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who returns from his journey when it has become the time for a Salah (prayer). He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as two Rak‘at and if he goes out on a journey when it has become the time for Salah (prayer) he is required to perform his Sal

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ مُسَافِراً ثُمَّ يَقْدَمُ فَيَدْخُلُ بُيُوتَ الْكُوفَةِ أَ يُتِمُّ الصَّلَاةَ أَمْ يَكُونُ مُقَصِّراً حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ أَهْلَهُ قَالَ بَلْ‌ يَكُونُ مُقَصِّراً حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ أَهْلَهُ.

I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about a man who is on a journey, returns and arrives among the houses of al-Kufah. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) complete or as reduced until he comes to his family? He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as reduced until he comes to his family.

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ صَلَّى وَ هُوَ مُسَافِرٌ فَأَتَمَّ الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي وَقْتٍ فَلْيُعِدْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْوَقْتُ قَدْ مَضَى فَلَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who on a journey performs Salah (prayer) in complete form. He (the Imam) said, ‘If there is time for it he is required to perform his Salah (prayer) again, otherwise, it is passed.’”

قُلْتُ لَهُ‌[1] رَجُلٌ فَاتَتْهُ صَلَاةٌ مِنْ صَلَاةِ السَّفَرِ فَذَكَرَهَا فِي الْحَضَرِ قَالَ يَقْضِي مَا فَاتَهُ كَمَا فَاتَهُ إِنْ كَانَتْ صَلَاةَ السَّفَرِ أَدَّاهَا فِي الْحَضَرِ مِثْلَهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ صَلَاةَ الْحَضَرِ فَلْيَقْضِ فِي السَّفَرِ صَلَاةَ الْحَضَرِ كَمَا فَاتَتْهُ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who misses a Salah (prayer) while on a journey and remembers it when he is at home. He (the Imam) said, ‘He performs Qada’ (compensatory prayer) for it just as it was missed, if missed on a journey the compensatory prayer for it at home is as reduced and if it is missed

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ خَرَجَ فِي سَفَرٍ ثُمَّ تَبْدُو لَهُ الْإِقَامَةُ وَ هُوَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ قَالَ يُتِمُّ إِذَا بَدَتْ لَهُ الْإِقَامَةُ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who is on a journey and during performing a Salah (prayer) he decides to stay there for ten days. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he decides to stay for ten days, he is required to perform his Salah (prayer) complete.’” (The following chapter is best explained in the form of fatw

قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ مَنْ قَدِمَ بَلْدَةً إِلَى مَتَى يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُقَصِّراً وَ مَتَى يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُتِمَّ قَالَ إِذَا دَخَلْتَ أَرْضاً فَأَيْقَنْتَ أَنَّ لَكَ بِهَا مُقَاماً عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَأَتِمَّ الصَّلَاةَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَدْرِ مَا مُقَامُكَ بِهَا تَقُولُ غَداً أَخْرُجُ أَوْ بَعْدَ غَدٍ فَقَصِّرْ مَا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ أَنْ يَمْضِيَ شَهْرٌ فَإِذَا تَمَّ لَكَ شَهْرٌ فَأَتِمَّ الصَّلَاةَ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a man who returns home from a journey. To what time is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as reduced, and when is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete? He (the Imam) said, ‘If you enter a land and you become certain of staying there for ten days, then perfo

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ بِالْبَصْرَةِ وَ هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ لَهُ بِهَا دَارٌ وَ مَنْزِلٌ فَيَمُرُّ بِالْكُوفَةِ وَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مُجْتَازٌ لَا يُرِيدُ الْمُقَامَ إِلَّا بِقَدْرِ مَا يَتَجَهَّزُ يَوْماً أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ قَالَ يُقِيمُ فِي جَانِبِ الْمِصْرِ وَ يُقَصِّرُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ دَخَلَ أَهْلَهُ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ التَّمَامُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who is in al-Basra and he is from al- Kufah. He has a house there and he passes by al-Kufah just as a passer-by without an intention to stay there except for picking up supplies within one or two days. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to stay in one side of the city a

سَأَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ عَنِ الْمُسَافِرِ إِنْ حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ بِإِقَامَةِ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ قَالَ فَلْيُتِمَّ الصَّلَاةَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَدْرِ مَا يُقِيمُ يَوْماً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَلْيَعُدَّ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً ثُمَّ لْيُتِمَّ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَقَامَ يَوْماً أَوْ صَلَاةً وَاحِدَةً فَقَالَ لَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ قُلْتَ خَمْساً فَقَالَ قَدْ قُلْتُ ذَاكَ

“Muhammad ibn Muslim once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when I was listening, about a traveler who thinks to stay for ten days. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete. If he does not know for how long he will stay, like for one or more, he can count to thirty days, then perform his

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَرْبَعَةٌ قَدْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمُ التَّمَامُ فِي السَّفَرِ كَانُوا أَوِ الْحَضَرِ الْمُكَارِي وَ الْكَرِيُّ وَ الرَّاعِي وَ الْأَشْتَقَانُ لِأَنَّهُ عَمَلُهُمْ.[2]

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, Tour kinds of people are required to perform their Salah (prayer) as complete on a journey or when at home. Of such people are muleteers, al-kariy (workers of muleteers), shepherds and mailmen, because it is their work.’” “In another Hadith it is said that a muleteer performs his Salah (pr

لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمَلَّاحِينَ فِي سَفِينَتِهِمْ تَقْصِيرٌ وَ لَا عَلَى الْمُكَارِي وَ الْجَمَّالِ. - وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى‌ الْمُكَارِي إِذَا جَدَّ بِهِ السَّيْرُ فَلْيُقَصِّرْ. قَالَ وَ مَعْنَى جَدَّ بِهِ السَّيْرُ يَجْعَلُ مَنْزِلَيْنِ مَنْزِلًا[1].

“One of the two Imam (a.s.), has said, ‘Sailors when in their vessel are not required to perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced as well as muleteers and camel drivers.’ In another Hadith it is said that muleteers perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced when the journey becomes condensed, like walking two days of journ

سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى ضَيْعَتِهِ وَ يُقِيمُ الْيَوْمَ وَ الْيَوْمَيْنِ وَ الثَّلَاثَةَ أَ يُقَصِّرُ أَمْ يُتِمُّ قَالَ يُتِمُّ الصَّلَاةَ[2] كُلَّمَا أَتَى ضَيْعَةً مِنْ ضِيَاعِهِ.

3. Muhammad ibn al-Hassan and others have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about a man who has a country estate where he goes and stays for one, two or three days. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) com

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَصَيَّدُ الْيَوْمَ وَ الْيَوْمَيْنِ وَ الثَّلَاثَةَ أَ يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ قَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يُشَيِّعَ الرَّجُلُ أَخَاهُ فِي الدِّينِ وَ إِنَّ التَّصَيُّدَ مَسِيرٌ بَاطِلٌ لَا تُقْصَرُ الصَّلَاةُ فِيهِ وَ قَالَ يَقْصُرُ إِذَا شَيَّعَ أَخَاهُ. - عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَرْقِيِّ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ م

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who goes hunting for one, two or three days. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot perform as reduced. However if one escorts one’s brother in belief, then it is permissible to do so. Hunting is a way of falsehood and

الْأَعْرَابُ لَا يُقَصِّرُونَ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَنَازِلَهُمْ مَعَهُمْ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Arabs (desert dwellers) do not perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced because their homes are with them.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضِّيَاعُ بَعْضُهَا قَرِيبٌ مِنْ بَعْضٍ يَخْرُجُ فَيُقِيمُ فِيهَا يُتِمُّ أَوْ يُقَصِّرُ قَالَ يُتِمُّ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who has certain country estates which are near each other to which he goes and stays. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete or reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete.’”

الْبَاغِي بَاغِي الصَّيْدِ وَ الْعَادِي السَّارِقُ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا أَنْ يَأْكُلَا الْمَيْتَةَ إِذَا اضْطُرَّا إِلَيْهَا هِيَ حَرَامٌ عَلَيْهِمَا لَيْسَ هِيَ عَلَيْهِمَا كَمَا هِيَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا أَنْ يُقَصِّرَا فِي الصَّلَاةِ.

“About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . one who is compelled and who is not a rebel or transgressor. . .’(2:168) abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, This rebel is a rebel to hunt. The transgressor is a thief and they do have permission to eat dead animals when they are compelled; it is unlawful for

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى الصَّيْدِ أَ يُقَصِّرُ أَمْ يُتِمُّ قَالَ يُتِمُّ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمَسِيرِ حَقٍّ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who goes for hunting. Can he perform his Salah (prayer) as reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete, because it is not a journey in the way of truth.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[2] عَنِ الْمَلَّاحِينَ وَ الْأَعْرَابِ هَلْ عَلَيْهِمْ تَقْصِيرٌ قَالَ لَا بُيُوتُهُمْ مَعَهُمْ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of sailors and desert dwelling Arabs. Can they perform their Salah (prayer) as reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they cannot do so because their homes are with them.’”

قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى الصَّيْدِ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ يُقَصِّرُ أَوْ يُتِمُّ فَقَالَ إِنْ خَرَجَ لِقُوتِهِ وَ قُوتِ عِيَالِهِ فَلْيُفْطِرْ وَ لْيُقَصِّرْ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَ لِطَلَبِ الْفُضُولِ فَلَا وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who goes hunting to a place which is one or two day’s journey away. Is he required to perform his Salah (prayer) as complete or reduced? He (the Imam) said, ‘If he goes to provide for his family, he is not required to fast, and performs his Salah (prayer) as reduced. If

كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ لِي جِمَالًا وَ لِي قُوَّامٌ عَلَيْهَا وَ قَدْ أَخْرُجُ فِيهَا إِلَى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ لِرَغْبَةٍ فِي الْحَجِّ أَوْ فِي النَّدْرَةِ إِلَى بَعْضِ الْمَوَاضِعِ فَهَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَيَّ التَّقْصِيرُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَ الصِّيَامِ فَوَقَّعَ ع إِنْ كُنْتَ لَا تَلْزَمُهَا وَ لَا تَخْرُجُ مَعَهَا فِي كُلِّ سَفَرٍ إِلَّا إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَعَلَيْكَ تَقْصِيرٌ وَ فُطُورٌ.

“I once wrote to him (the Imam) (a.s.), ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. I have a few camels and I have a caretaker for them. At certain times I go to them on the way to Makkah because of desire for Hajj or for al-Nadrah (rarely) in certain places. Is it necessary to perform my Salah (prayer)

يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَ يَمْضِي حَيْثُ شَاءَ[1].

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about a traveler if he can perform Salah (prayer) behind a non-traveler. He (the Imam) said, ‘After performing two Rak‘at, he then can move away whenever he wants.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمُسَافِرِ يُصَلِّي مَعَ الْإِمَامِ فَيُدْرِكُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ أَ يُجْزِئُ ذَلِكَ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a traveler who performs Salah (prayer) behind an Imam and joins only for two Rak‘at, is it sufficient? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is sufficient.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[2] عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي السَّفَرِ قَالَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ لَيْسَ قَبْلَهُمَا وَ لَا بَعْدَهُمَا شَيْ‌ءٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لِلْمُسَافِرِ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ وَ لْيَتَطَوَّعْ بِاللَّيْلِ مَا شَاءَ إِنْ كَانَ نَازِلًا وَ إِنْ كَانَ رَاكِباً فَلْيُصَلِّ عَلَى دَابَّتِهِ وَ هُوَ رَاكِبٌ وَ لْتَكُنْ صَلَاتُهُ إِيمَاءً وَ لْيَكُنْ رَأْسُهُ حَيْثُ يُرِيدُ السُّجُودَ أَخْفَضَ مِنْ

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about Salah (prayer) on a journey. He (the Imam) said, ‘ It is a two Rak‘at without anything before or thereafter, except that it is appropriate for a traveler to perform four Rak‘at after al-Maghrib and optional Salah (prayer) during the night as much as he wants, if a traveler on

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ أَرْبَعُ رَكَعَاتٍ بَعْدَ الْمَغْرِبِ لَا تَدَعْهُنَّ فِي حَضَرٍ وَ لَا سَفَرٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘There are four Rak‘at after al-Maghrib. You must not omit them, regardless of being on a journey or while at home.’”

الصَّلَاةُ فِي السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَانِ لَيْسَ قَبْلَهُمَا وَ لَا بَعْدَهُمَا شَيْ‌ءٌ إِلَّا الْمَغْرِبَ فَإِنَّ بَعْدَهَا أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ لَا تَدَعْهُنَّ فِي حَضَرٍ وَ لَا سَفَرٍ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ قَضَاءُ صَلَاةِ النَّهَارِ[1] وَ صَلِّ صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ وَ اقْضِهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Salah (prayer) on a journey is of two Rak‘at and there is nothing before or thereafter except al-Maghrib after which there are four Rak‘at which you must not omit on a journey or while at home. You are not required to perform the compensatory Salah (prayer) during the day but you shou

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَاتَتْنِي صَلَاةُ اللَّيْلِ فِي السَّفَرِ فَأَقْضِيهَا فِي النَّهَارِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ إِنْ أَطَقْتَ ذَلِكَ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about nightly optional Salah (prayer) which are missed. Can I perform the compensatory prayer for them during the day? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so, if you are able to bear it.’”

نَعَمْ حَيْثُمَا كُنْتَ مُتَوَجِّهاً قَالَ فَقُلْتُ عَلَى الْبَعِيرِ وَ الدَّابَّةِ قَالَ نَعَمْ حَيْثُمَا كُنْتَ مُتَوَجِّهاً قُلْتُ أَسْتَقْبِلُ الْقِبْلَةَ إِذَا أَرَدْتُ التَّكْبِيرَ قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ تُكَبِّرُ حَيْثُمَا كُنْتَ مُتَوَجِّهاً وَ كَذَلِكَ فَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about performing optional Salah (prayer) on the back of camel or stumper. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so as your face is.’ I then asked, ‘Am I required to face al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah) when saying Takbir (Allah is great beyond description)? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, you are not

خَرَجْتُ مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِيمَا بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَكَانَ يَقُولُ أَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَشَبَابٌ تُؤَخِّرُونَ وَ أَمَّا أَنَا فَشَيْخٌ أُعَجِّلُ فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي صَلَاةَ اللَّيْلِ أَوَّلَ اللَّيْلِ.

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and I journeyed between Makkah and al-Madinah and he would say, ‘You, however, are young people, thus you delay. I am old so I hurry up.’ He (the Imam) would perform the nightly optional Salah (prayer) in the beginning of the night.”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُصَلِّي عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ قَالَ يُومِئُ إِيمَاءً يَجْعَلُ السُّجُودَ أَخْفَضَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ قُلْتُ يُصَلِّي وَ هُوَ يَمْشِي قَالَ نَعَمْ يُومِئُ إِيمَاءً وَ لْيَجْعَلِ السُّجُودَ أَخْفَضَ مِنَ الرُّكُوعِ.

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who performs Salah (prayer) on his stumper. He (the Imam) said, ‘He makes gestures for Sujud (prostrations) lower than the gesture for Ruku‘ (bowing down on one’s knees).’ I then asked, ‘Can he perform Salah (prayer) while walking? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, but in the fo