بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَ الزَّكَاةِ وَ الْحَجِّ وَ الصَّوْمِ وَ الْوَلَايَةِ وَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الصَّوْمُ جُنَّةٌ مِنَ النَّارِ.
“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Islam is founded on five isssues. It is founded on Salat (prayer), zakat, al-Hajj, Fasting and al-Wilayat (belief in Divine Authority of ’A’immah). The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Fasting is a shield against the fire of hell.”
لِأَصْحَابِهِ أَ لَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِشَيْءٍ إِنْ أَنْتُمْ فَعَلْتُمُوهُ تَبَاعَدَ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنْكُمْ كَمَا تَبَاعَدَ الْمَشْرِقُ مِنَ الْمَغْرِبِ قَالُوا بَلَى قَالَ الصَّوْمُ يُسَوِّدُ وَجْهَهُ وَ الصَّدَقَةُ تَكْسِرُ ظَهْرَهُ وَ الْحُبُّ فِي اللَّهِ وَ الْمُوَازَرَةُ عَلَى الْعَمَلِ الصَّالِحِ يَقْطَعُ دَابِرَهُ وَ الِاسْتِغْفَارُ يَقْطَعُ وَتِينَهُ[2] وَ لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ زَكَاةٌ وَ زَكَاةُ الْأَبْدَانِ الصِّيَا
“Abu ‘Abd Allah, has narrated from his ancestors, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, who have stated this Hadith. ‘Once, the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, asked his companions, ‘Should I tell you something which, if you do it, will keep Satan away from you
قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَ لَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِأَصْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ فَرْعِهِ وَ ذِرْوَتِهِ وَ سَنَامِهِ[1] قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ أَصْلُهُ الصَّلَاةُ وَ فَرْعُهُ الزَّكَاةُ وَ ذِرْوَتُهُ وَ سَنَامُهُ الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَ لَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِأَبْوَابِ الْخَيْرِ إِنَّ الصَّوْمَ جُنَّةٌ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once asked me, ‘Should I tell you what the root, the branch, the peak and the highest point of Islam is?’ I replied, ‘Please, do so.’ He said, ‘The root of Islam is salat (prayer), its branch is zakat, and its peak and highest point is al-Jihad in the way of Allah. Should I tell you about the do
لِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ زَكَاةٌ وَ زَكَاةُ الْأَجْسَادِ الصَّوْمُ.
“He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘Everything has a cleanser; the cleanser for bodies is fasting.”
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ أَبِي إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَصُومُ يَوْماً تَطَوُّعاً يُرِيدُ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَيُدْخِلُهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ الْجَنَّةَ.
“When a person completes a day of optional fasting for the sake of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, Allah admits him in Paradise.’””
إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ الصَّوْمُ لِي وَ أَنَا أَجْزِي عَلَيْهِ[2].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Allah, the most Blessed, the most High, has said, ‘Fasting is for Me, and I reward for it.’”
الصَّبْرُ الصِّيَامُ وَ قَالَ إِذَا نَزَلَتْ بِالرَّجُلِ النَّازِلَةُ وَ الشَّدِيدَةُ فَلْيَصُمْ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- وَ اسْتَعِينُوا بِالصَّبْرِ يَعْنِي الصِّيَامَ.
“This is about the words of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, ‘Seek support through patience.’ (2:45) Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘“Patience” is a reference to fasting.’ He further said, ‘If a man faces severe difficulties, he should fast. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, has said, “Seek sup
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَنْ صَامَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَوْماً فِي شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ فَأَصَابَهُ ظَمَأٌ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يَمْسَحُونَ وَجْهَهُ وَ يُبَشِّرُونَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا أَفْطَرَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ مَا أَطْيَبَ رِيحَكَ وَ رَوْحَكَ مَلَائِكَتِي اشْهَدُوا أَنِّي قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَهُ[2].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one, for the sake of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, fasts on a very hot day, causing him to experience a great deal of thirst, Allah assigns a thousand angels for his safety who wipe his face until he discontinues his fast.’ Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الصَّائِمُ فِي عِبَادَةٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَى فِرَاشِهِ مَا لَمْ يَغْتَبْ مُسْلِماً.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘A fasting person, even when resting in bed, is in the state of worshipping as long as he does not backbite a Muslim.’”
مَنْ كَتَمَ صَوْمَهُ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِمَلَائِكَتِهِ عَبْدِي اسْتَجَارَ مِنْ عَذَابِي فَأَجِيرُوهُ وَ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَلَائِكَتَهُ بِالدُّعَاءِ لِلصَّائِمِينَ وَ لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُمْ بِالدُّعَاءِ لِأَحَدٍ إِلَّا اسْتَجَابَ لَهُمْ فِيهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if a person fasts secretly, Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, says to His angels, ‘My servant has sought protection against my punishment, you must give him protection.’ Allah, the most Blessed, the most High, then assigns His angels to pray for the fasting people and in
إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَكَّلَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ بِالدُّعَاءِ لِلصَّائِمِينَ وَ قَالَ أَخْبَرَنِي جَبْرَئِيلُ ع عَنْ رَبِّهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَا أَمَرْتُ مَلَائِكَتِي بِالدُّعَاءِ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ خَلْقِي إِلَّا اسْتَجَبْتُ لَهُمْ فِيهِ.
Jibril has informed me from his Lord who has said, “When I command My angels to pray in favor of someone, I do not leave their prayers without acceptance.’””
نَوْمُ الصَّائِمِ عِبَادَةٌ وَ نَفَسُهُ تَسْبِيحٌ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that a fasting person’s sleeping is also counted as worshipping and his breathing as speaking of the glory of Allah.”
أَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى مُوسَى ع مَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنْ مُنَاجَاتِي فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ أُجِلُّكَ عَنِ الْمُنَاجَاةِ لِخُلُوفِ[1] فَمِ الصَّائِمِ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ يَا مُوسَى لَخُلُوفُ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدِي مِنْ رِيحِ الْمِسْكِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, sent revelation to Moses, thereby asking him, ‘What keeps you from speaking to Me?’ Moses replied, ‘It is to keep away the bad breath of fasting in order to respect your glory.’ Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, then sent him
قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع قِيلُوا[2] فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يُطْعِمُ الصَّائِمَ وَ يَسْقِيهِ فِي مَنَامِهِ.
“Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘Rest in the form of a short nap between sunrise and noontime; Allah gives food and water to a fasting person during his sleep.”’
لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ إِفْطَارِهِ وَ فَرْحَةٌ عِنْدَ لِقَاءِ رَبِّهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that a fasting person enjoys two occasions of happiness: one is at the time of ending his fast, and the other is when he meets his Lord.”
إِذَا رَأَى الصَّائِمُ قَوْماً يَأْكُلُونَ أَوْ رَجُلًا يَأْكُلُ سَجَّتْ كُلُّ شَعْرَةٍ مِنْهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when a fasting person observes people or a person eating food, every piece of his hair feels a kind of covering (tranquility).”
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَنْ صَامَ لِلَّهِ يَوْماً فِي شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ فَأَصَابَهُ ظَمَأٌ وَكَّلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ يَمْسَحُونَ وَجْهَهُ وَ يُبَشِّرُونَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا أَفْطَرَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَا أَطْيَبَ رِيحَكَ وَ رَوْحَكَ مَلَائِكَتِي اشْهَدُوا أَنِّي قَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one, for the sake of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, fasts on a very hot day, causing him to experience a great deal of thirst, Allah assigns a thousand angels for his safety who wipe his face until the time he discontinues his fast. Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most
إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنا عَشَرَ شَهْراً فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضَ فَغُرَّةُ الشُّهُورِ شَهْرُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَلْبُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ وَ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَاسْتَقْبِلِ الشَّهْرَ بِالْقُرْآنِ.
The Holy Quran came during the first night of the month of Ramadan; thus, the month is welcomed with the Holy Quran.”
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يُوصِي وُلْدَهُ إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَأَجْهِدُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ فَإِنَّ فِيهِ تُقَسَّمُ الْأَرْزَاقُ وَ تُكْتَبُ الْآجَالُ وَ فِيهِ يُكْتَبُ وَفْدُ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يَفِدُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ الْعَمَلُ فِيهَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَمَلِ فِي أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ.
“I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), giving advice to his children in the beginning of the month of Ramadan. The Imam said, ‘Make yourselves to work hard; in it (month of Ramadan), sustenance is distributed and the duration of lives is written down. During this month, it is decided who should join the delegation before Alla
مَنْ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ إِلَى قَابِلٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَرَفَةَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if one is not forgiven in the month of Ramadan, one will not be forgiven until the coming month of Ramadan unless he attends ‘Arafah (the ninth of the month of Dhul Hajjah).”
خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص النَّاسَ فِي آخِرِ جُمُعَةٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَظَلَّكُمْ[1] شَهْرٌ فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ صِيَامَهُ وَ جَعَلَ قِيَامَ لَيْلَةٍ فِيهِ بِتَطَوُّعِ صَلَاةٍ كَتَطَوُّعِ صَلَاةِ سَبْعِينَ لَيْلَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ وَ جَعَلَ لِمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ فِيهِ بِ
4. Muhammad ibn Yahya and people other than him have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub, from abu Ayyub from abu al-Ward, who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Once, the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their servi
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ ذَلِكَ فِي ثَلَاثٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ قَالَ لِبِلَالٍ نَادِ فِي النَّاسِ فَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ ثُمَّ صَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ هَذَا الشَّهْرَ قَدْ خَصَّكُمُ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَ حَضَرَكُمْ وَ هُوَ سَيِّدُ الشُّهُورِ لَيْلَةٌ فِيهِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ تُغْلَقُ فِيهِ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ وَ تُفَ
5. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from, Fadalah ibn Ayyub from Sayf ibn ‘Ami rah from ‘ Abd Allah ibn ‘ Abd Allah from a man who has said the following: ”Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his famil
كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يُقْبِلُ بِوَجْهِهِ إِلَى النَّاسِ فَيَقُولُ يَا مَعْشَرَ النَّاسِ إِذَا طَلَعَ هِلَالُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ غُلَّتْ مَرَدَةُ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَ فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ وَ أَبْوَابُ الْجِنَانِ وَ أَبْوَابُ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ غُلِّقَتْ أَبْوَابُ النَّارِ وَ اسْتُجِيبَ الدُّعَاءُ وَ كَانَ لِلَّهِ فِيهِ عِنْدَ كُلِّ فِطْرٍ عُتَقَاءُ يُعْتِقُهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ يُنَادِي مُنَادٍ كُلَّ لَيْلَة
The Messenger of Allah (sw) used to turn his face to the people and say, "O people, when the crescent of the month of Ramadan appears, the rebellious devils are chained; the gates of the sky, the gates of Paradise, and the gates of mercy are opened; the gates of Hell are closed; and prayers are answered. Allah has, at
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عُتَقَاءَ وَ طُلَقَاءَ مِنَ النَّارِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى مُسْكِرٍ فَإِذَا كَانَ فِي آخِرِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهُ أَعْتَقَ فِيهَا مِثْلَ مَا أَعْتَقَ فِي جَمِيعِهِ.
“I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘Every night in the month of Ramadan, Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, liberates many people and releases them from hellfire, except those who drink intoxicating liquor. During the last night of this month, Allah frees and releases a number of people equal to all that He had fre
مَنْ فَطَّرَ صَائِماً فَلَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِهِ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the reward for one who serves food to a fasting person is equal to the reward for the fasting person for his fasting.”
فِطْرُكَ أَخَاكَ الصَّائِمَ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ صِيَامِكَ.
“Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘Your serving food to your fasting brother (in belief) is better than your fasting.’”
كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع إِذَا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي يَصُومُ فِيهِ أَمَرَ بِشَاةٍ فَتُذْبَحُ وَ تُقْطَعُ أَعْضَاءً وَ تُطْبَخُ فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْمَسَاءِ أَكَبَّ عَلَى الْقُدُورِ حَتَّى يَجِدَ رِيحَ الْمَرَقِ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ هَاتُوا الْقِصَاعَ اغْرِفُوا لآِلِ فُلَانٍ وَ اغْرِفُوا لآِلِ فُلَانٍ ثُمَّ يُؤْتَى بِخُبْزٍ وَ تَمْرٍ فَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ عَشَاءَهُ[1] صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَى
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that on the first day of his fasting, Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.), would ask his people to prepare a sheep for food. In the evening, the cooking pots gave out a fine fragrance while he was fasting, and he would then say, ‘Fill up this pot for the family of so and so and fill up this one fo
دَخَلَ سَدِيرٌ عَلَى أَبِي ع فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ يَا سَدِيرُ هَلْ تَدْرِي أَيُّ اللَّيَالِي هَذِهِ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ فِدَاكَ أَبِي هَذِهِ لَيَالِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَمَا ذَاكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ- أَ تَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ تُعْتِقَ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ اللَّيَالِي عَشْرَ رَقَبَاتٍ مِنْ وُلْدِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ فَقَالَ لَهُ سَدِيرٌ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَ أُمِّي لَا يَبْلُغُ مَالِي ذَاكَ فَمَا زَالَ يَنْقُصُ حَتَّى بَلَغَ
“Once, during the month of Ramadan, Sadir went to visit abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.). The Imam asked, ‘O Sadir, do you know which nights are these days?’ He replied, ‘Yes, I pray to Allah to keep my soul and the soul of my father in service for your cause, these are the nights of the month of Ramadan, but what do they signify
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ لَا تَقُولُوا رَمَضَانَ وَ لَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرُ رَمَضانَ فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا رَمَضَانُ.
‘Do not say, “Ramadan.” Say the month of Ramadan; you do not know what Ramadan is.’”
كُنَّا عِنْدَهُ ثَمَانِيَةَ رِجَالٍ فَذَكَرْنَا رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ لَا تَقُولُوا هَذَا رَمَضَانُ وَ لَا ذَهَبَ رَمَضَانُ[1] وَ لَا جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَا يَجِيءُ وَ لَا يَذْهَبُ وَ إِنَّمَا يَجِيءُ وَ يَذْهَبُ الزَّائِلُ وَ لَكِنْ قُولُوا شَهْرُ رَمَضانَ فَإِنَّ الشَّهْرَ مُضَافٌ إِلَى الِاسْمِ وَ الِاسْمُ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ وَ هُوَ الشَّهْرُ الّ
The Imam said, ‘You must not say, “This is Ramadan or Ramadan is gone or Ramadan has come.” Ramadan is one of the names of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, which does not come or go. What comes or goes is what is not durable. You instead should say, “The month of Ramadan.” The word “month” in this case is u
كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا أَهَلَّ هِلَالَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْقِبْلَةَ وَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ[3] فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ السَّلَامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الْعَافِيَةِ الْمُجَلِّلَةِ[1] وَ الرِّزْقِ الْوَاسِعِ وَ دَفْعِ الْأَسْقَامِ اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنَا صِيَامَهُ وَ قِيَامَهُ وَ تِلَاوَةَ الْقُرْآنِ فِيهِ اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّمْهُ لَنَا وَ تَسَلَّمْهُ مِنَّا وَ سَلّ
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Ibrahim ibn ‘Umar al-Yamaniy from ‘Amr ibn Shamir from Jabir who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, upon seeing the crescent of the month of Ramadan, would turn toward the Ka‘bah, raise his h
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا كَانَ أَوَّلُ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقُلِ- اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ مُنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنِ هَذَا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ- وَ أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدى وَ الْفُرْقانِ اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنَا صِيَامَهُ وَ أَعِنَّا عَلَى قِيَامِهِ اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّمْهُ لَنَا[2] وَ سَلِّمْنَا فِيهِ وَ تَسَلَّمْهُ مِنَّا فِي يُسْرٍ مِ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘In the first night of the month of Ramadan say the following: “O Lord of the month of Ramadan and the One who has revealed the Holy Quran! This is the month of Ramadan when You have revealed the Holy Quran. You have revealed in it clear signs for guidance and discernment. O Lord, gran
ادْعُ بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُسْتَقْبِلَ دُخُولِ السَّنَةِ[1]- وَ ذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ مَنْ دَعَا بِهِ مُحْتَسِباً مُخْلِصاً لَمْ تُصِبْهُ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ فِتْنَةٌ وَ لَا آفَةٌ يُضَرُّ بِهَا دِينُهُ وَ بَدَنُهُ وَ وَقَاهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ ذِكْرُهُ شَرَّ مَا يَأْتِي بِهِ تِلْكَ السَّنَةَ- اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِاسْمِكَ الَّذِي دَانَ لَهُ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ وَ بِرَحْمَتِكَ الَّتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْ
3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri’ab from ‘Abd al-Salih, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, who has said the following: “Say the following prayer in the month of Ramadan to welcome the year. Whoever says this prayer, expecting reward for it (from Allah), and with sincerity, no illness or cr
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا أَهَلَّ هِلَالَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَقْبَلَ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ ثُمَّ قَالَ- اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ السَّلَامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الْعَافِيَةِ الْمُجَلِّلَةِ اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنَا صِيَامَهُ وَ قِيَامَهُ وَ تِلَاوَةَ الْقُرْآنِ فِيهِ اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّمْهُ لَنَا وَ تَسَلَّمْهُ مِنَّا وَ سَلِّمْنَا فِيهِ.
4. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Husayn from Ali ibn Asbat from al-Hakam ibn Miskin who has said that narrated to us ‘Amr ibn Shimr who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say the following. ‘’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), when seeing the crescent of the month of Ramadan facing the dire
اللَّهُمَّ أَدْخِلْهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالسَّلَامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الْيَقِينِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ الْبِرِّ وَ التَّوْفِيقِ لِمَا تُحِبُّ وَ تَرْضَى.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), when looking at the crescent of the month of Ramadan would say, “0 Allah, bring it (the month of Ramadan) upon us with peace and submission (to Your will), certainty, belief, virtue and good opportunity for whatever You love and consent with.’”
إِذَا حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَقُلِ- اللَّهُمَّ قَدْ حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدِ افْتَرَضْتَ عَلَيْنَا صِيَامَهُ وَ أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ هُدىً لِلنَّاسِ وَ بَيِّناتٍ مِنَ الْهُدى وَ الْفُرْقانِ اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنَّا عَلَى صِيَامِهِ اللَّهُمَّ تَقَبَّلْهُ مِنَّا وَ سَلِّمْنَا فِيهِ وَ تَسَلَّمْهُ مِنَّا فِي يُسْرٍ مِنْكَ وَ عَافِيَةٍ إِنَّكَ عَلى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ* يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when the month of Ramadan begins, say this, ‘O Allah, the month of Ramadan has begun and You have made it obligatory upon us to fast during this month. You have revealed Your book in it as guidance for people, as the most clear guidance and means of discernment (between right and w
كَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَدْعُو بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ- اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي بِكَ أَتَوَسَّلُ وَ مِنْكَ أَطْلُبُ حَاجَتِي مَنْ طَلَبَ حَاجَةً إِلَى النَّاسِ فَإِنِّي لَا أَطْلُبُ حَاجَتِي إِلَّا مِنْكَ وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ وَ أَسْأَلُكَ بِفَضْلِكَ وَ رِضْوَانِكَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لِي فِي عَامِي هَذَا إِلَى بَيْتِكَ الْحَرَامِ سَبِيلًا حَجّ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), would say this prayer during the month of Ramadan, ‘O Allah, I seek help from You and ask You for my needs. There are those who ask people for their needs, but I ask only You for my needs. You are (the only Lord). You have no partners. I ask You through Your generosity and Your pleasure to grant
أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع كَانَ يَدْعُو بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ- اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ هَذَا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ الصِّيَامِ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ الْإِنَابَةِ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ التَّوْبَةِ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ الْمَغْفِرَةِ وَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَ هَذَا شَهْرُ الْعِتْقِ مِنَ النَّارِ وَ الْفَوْزِ بِالْجَنَّةِ اللَّهُمَّ فَسَلِّمْهُ لِي وَ تَسَلَّمْهُ مِنِّي وَ أَعِنِّي عَلَيْهِ بِأَفْضَل
8. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Husayn from Ja’far ibn Muhammad from Afi ibn Asbat from ‘Abd af-Rahman ibn Bashir from certain individuais of his people who has said the following: “Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, would say this prayer every day during the month of Ramadan, ‘O Allah, this is the
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع إِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْهِلَالَ فَلَا تَبْرَحْ وَ قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ هَذَا الشَّهْرِ وَ فَتْحَهُ وَ نُورَهُ وَ نَصْرَهُ وَ بَرَكَتَهُ وَ طَهُورَهُ وَ رِزْقَهُ وَ أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَ مَا فِيهِ وَ خَيْرَ مَا بَعْدَهُ وَ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا فِيهِ وَ شَرِّ مَا بَعْدَهُ اللَّهُمَّ أَدْخِلْهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ السَّلَامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الْبَر
9. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ya’qub ibn Yazid from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Nawfaliy from al-Husayn ibn al-Mukhtar in a marfu‘ manner who has said the following: “’Amir al-Mu’minin, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘When you see the crescent of the month of Ramadan, say this without fail,
إِنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْأَهِلَّةِ فَقَالَ هِيَ أَهِلَّةُ الشُّهُورِ فَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ الْهِلَالِ فَصُمْ وَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُ فَأَفْطِرْ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the crescents (mentioned in the holy Quran). He (the Imam) replied, ‘It is a reference to the new moon of the months. When you see the new moon, begin fasting; when you see the new moon discontinue fasting.’”
كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يَقُولُ لَا أُجِيزُ فِي الْهِلَالِ إِلَّا شَهَادَةَ رَجُلَيْنِ عَدْلَيْنِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), would say, ‘I do not accept a testimony about seeing the crescent if it is from less than two just witnesses.’”
لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ النِّسَاءِ فِي الْهِلَالِ.
“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘Testimony by women is not admissible in the case of seeing the crescent.’”
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ النِّسَاءِ فِي الْهِلَالِ وَ لَا تَجُوزُ إِلَّا شَهَادَةُ رَجُلَيْنِ عَدْلَيْنِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ‘Testimony of women about the crescent is not admissible, only the testimony of two just witnesses is accepted.’”
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَيْسَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقِبْلَةِ إِلَّا الرُّؤْيَةُ لَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا الرُّؤْيَةُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘People of al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah) must see the crescent. The Muslims must see the crescent.’”
إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُ الْهِلَالَ فَصُومُوا وَ إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا وَ لَيْسَ بِالرَّأْيِ وَ لَا بِالتَّظَنِّي- وَ لَيْسَ الرُّؤْيَةَ أَنْ يَقُومَ عَشَرَةُ نَفَرٍ فَيَقُولَ وَاحِدٌ هُوَ ذَا وَ يَنْظُرُ تِسْعَةٌ فَلَا يَرَوْنَهُ لَكِنْ إِذَا رَآهُ وَاحِدٌ رَآهُ أَلْفٌ.
‘When you see the crescent, then fast and when you see the crescent (again), then discontinue fasting. It is not by opinions and conjectures. If out of ten people only one says that there is the crescent but the rest cannot see, it is not seeing. If one can see a thousand can also see.’”
إِذَا غَابَ الْهِلَالُ قَبْلَ الشَّفَقِ فَهُوَ لِلَيْلَتِهِ وَ إِذَا غَابَ بَعْدَ الشَّفَقِ فَهُوَ لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the crescent disappears before al-Shafaq (redness), then it is its first night but if it disappears after al-Shafaq (redness) then it is its second night.’”
إِذَا صَحَّ هِلَالُ شَهْرِ رَجَبٍ فَعُدَّ تِسْعَةً وَ خَمْسِينَ يَوْماً وَ صُمْ يَوْمَ السِّتِّينَ
“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘If the crescent of the month of Rajab is established, then count fifty nine days and fast the sixtieth day.’”
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عُدَّ شَعْبَانَ تِسْعَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْماً فَإِنْ كَانَتْ مُتَغَيِّمَةً فَأَصْبِحْ صَائِماً فَإِنْ كَانَتْ صَاحِيَةً وَ تَبَصَّرْتَهُ وَ لَمْ تَرَ شَيْئاً فَأَصْبِحْ مُفْطِراً.[3]
‘Count of the month of al-Sha‘ban twenty nine days; if it is cloudy then fast, but if it is clear and you looked but did not see anything, you can remain without fasting.’”
إِذَا رَأَوُا الْهِلَالَ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ فَهُوَ لِلَيْلَتِهِ الْمَاضِيَةِ وَ إِذَا رَأَوْهُ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ فَهُوَ لِلَيْلَتِهِ الْمُسْتَقْبَلَةِ.
‘If they can see the crescent before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime), then it is of the last night but if they see it after Zawal, then it is of the coming night.’”
إِذَا تَطَوَّقَ الْهِلَالُ فَهُوَ لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ وَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ ظِلَّ رَأْسِكَ فِيهِ فَهُوَ لِثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if the crescent forms a crown around it, then it is two nights old and if you can see the shadow of your head it is three nights old.’”