سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْكَلَإِ وَ الْمَرَاعِي فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ قَدْ حَمَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص النَّقِيعَ لِخَيْلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ[2].
‘It is not unlawful, the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, had reserved al-Naqi‘ (name of a place) for the horses of the Muslims.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الشِّرْبُ مَعَ قَوْمٍ فِي قَنَاةٍ فِيهَا شُرَكَاءُ فَيَسْتَغْنِي بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ شِرْبِهِ أَ يَبِيعُ شِرْبَهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنْ شَاءَ بَاعَهُ بِوَرِقٍ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ بَاعَهُ بِكَيْلِ حِنْطَةٍ.
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has a share of water with a people in a canal as partners, and certain ones among them stand free of need of their share of water; if he can sell his share. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so, he can sell it in exchange for war
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص- عَنِ النِّطَافِ وَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ قَالَ وَ الْأَرْبِعَاءُ أَنْ يُسَنَّى مُسَنَّاةٌ[3] فَيُحْمَلَ الْمَاءَ فَيُسْتَقَى بِهِ الْأَرْضَ ثُمَّ يُسْتَغْنَى عَنْهُ فَقَالَ لَا تَبِعْهُ وَ لَكِنْ أَعِرْهُ جَارَكَ وَ النِّطَافُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ الشِّرْبُ فَيَسْتَغْنِيَ عَنْهُ فَيَقُولُ لَا تَبِعْهُ وَ لَكِنْ أَعِرْهُ أَخَاكَ أَوْ جَارَكَ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited al-Nitaf and al-Arbi‘a’. He said, ‘Al-Arbi‘a’ is constructing, something as a dam, to hold water to water the land, then he stands free of need for such
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي سَيْلِ وَادِي مَهْزُورٍ أَنْ يُحْبَسَ الْأَعْلَى عَلَى الْأَسْفَلِ لِلنَّخْلِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ وَ لِلزَّرْعِ إِلَى الشِّرَاكَيْنِ- ثُمَّ يُرْسَلَ الْمَاءُ إِلَى أَسْفَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ لِلزَّرْعِ إِلَى الشِّرَاكِ وَ لِلنَّخْلِ إِلَى الْكَعْبِ ثُمَّ يُرْسَلَ الْمَاءُ إِلَى أَسْفَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ وَ مَهْزُورٌ مَوْضِعُ وَادٍ[2].
‘The Messenger of Allah once issued a judgment about the flood of the valley of Mahzur (name of a place). The amount of water that those of higher areas can hold is up to the anklebones for palm trees and up to one’s shoelaces for plantation. Thereafter water must be allowed for those below that; for plantation up to t
قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي سَيْلِ وَادِي مَهْزُورٍ أَنْ يُحْبَسَ الْأَعْلَى عَلَى الْأَسْفَلِ لِلنَّخْلِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ وَ لِلزَّرْعِ إِلَى الشِّرَاكَيْنِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, issued a judgment about the flood water of valley of Mahzur by which those of higher area could hold water for palm trees up to the anklebones and for plantation u
قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي سَيْلِ وَادِي مَهْزُورٍ لِلنَّخْلِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ وَ لِأَهْلِ الزَّرْعِ إِلَى الشِّرَاكَيْنِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, issued a judgment about the flood water of valley of Mahzur for palm trees up to the anklebones and for plantation up to shoelaces.”
قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي شُرْبِ النَّخْلِ بِالسَّيْلِ أَنَّ الْأَعْلَى يَشْرَبُ قَبْلَ الْأَسْفَلِ وَ يُتْرَكُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ ثُمَّ يُسَرَّحُ الْمَاءُ إِلَى الْأَسْفَلِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ الْحَوَائِطُ وَ يَفْنَى الْمَاءُ.
’Those of the higher area drink before the lower ones, and water is left up to the anklebones; then water is allowed for the lower ones which is next until all gardens’ needs are met and water is depleted.’”
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا قَوْمٍ أَحْيَوْا شَيْئاً مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَ عَمَرُوهَا فَهُمْ أَحَقُّ بِهَا وَ هِيَ لَهُمْ.
“I once heard abu Ja’far (a.s.), saying, ‘Whoever of people revive a land and build it, they are more deserving to have it and it is for them. 5 ”
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَتَى خَرِبَةً بَائِرَةً فَاسْتَخْرَجَهَا وَ كَرَى أَنْهَارَهَا[1] وَ عَمَرَهَا فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَةَ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ أَرْضٌ لِرَجُلٍ قَبْلَهُ فَغَابَ عَنْهَا وَ تَرَكَهَا فَأَخْرَبَهَا ثُمَّ جَاءَ بَعْدُ يَطْلُبُهَا فَإِنَّ الْأَرْضَ لِلَّهِ وَ لِمَنْ عَمَرَهَا.
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Whoever comes upon a ruined barren place, then finds out and digs its canals and builds it, he owes charity. If the land belonged to a man before him who has disappeared, abandoned it and ruined it, then came thereafter, he has to take notice that the land belongs to Allah
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ أَحْيَا مَوَاتاً فَهُوَ لَهُ.
Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘One who revives a barren (dead) land, it becomes his land.”’
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ أَحْيَا مَوَاتاً فَهُوَ لَهُ.
“Abu Ja‘far, and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, have said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Whoever revives a barren (dead) land, it becomes his land.’”
وَجَدْنَا فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ع إِنَّ الْأَرْضَ لِلَّهِ يُورِثُها مَنْ يَشاءُ مِنْ عِبادِهِ وَ الْعاقِبَةُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ أَنَا وَ أَهْلُ بَيْتِيَ الَّذِينَ أَوْرَثَنَا الْأَرْضَ وَ نَحْنُ الْمُتَّقُونَ وَ الْأَرْضُ كُلُّهَا لَنَا فَمَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضاً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَلْيَعْمُرْهَا وَ لْيُؤَدِّ خَرَاجَهَا إِلَى الْإِمَامِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي وَ لَهُ مَا أَكَلَ مِنْهَا فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا أَوْ أَخْرَبَهَا فَأَخَ
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘We have found in the book of Ali (a.s.), that the land belongs to Allah which He makes whomever of His servant He wants to inherit; and the end result is in favor of the pious people. We and the people of the House have inherited the earth and we are the pious ones. All of the earth belon
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ غَرَسَ شَجَراً أَوْ حَفَرَ وَادِياً بَدْءاً لَمْ يَسْبِقْهُ إِلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ وَ أَحْيَا أَرْضاً مَيْتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ قَضَاءً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ رَسُولِهِ ص.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Whoever plants a tree or digs a valley as the first one before anyone else and revives a land which is barren (dead), it becomes his land from Allah and
الشُّفْعَةُ لِكُلِّ شَرِيكٍ لَمْ يُقَاسِمْ.
The right of al- Shuf’ah (pre-emption) of an asset belongs to a business partner who has not yet departed partnership.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ دَارٍ فِيهَا دُورٌ وَ طَرِيقُهُمْ وَاحِدٌ فِي عَرْصَةِ الدَّارِ فَبَاعَ بَعْضُهُمْ مَنْزِلَهُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ هَلْ لِشُرَكَائِهِ فِي الطَّرِيقِ أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا بِالشُّفْعَةِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ بَاعَ الدَّارَ وَ حَوَّلَ بَابَهَا إِلَى طَرِيقٍ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ لَهُمْ وَ إِنْ بَاعَ الطَّرِيقَ مَعَ الدَّارِ فَلَهُمُ الشُّفْعَةُ.
“Regarding my question before ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a house which is among the houses that have one driveway through a courtyard and one of them sells to a man, if the people sharing the driveway can apply their al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption). He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has sold his house and has changed it
إِذَا وَقَعَتِ السِّهَامُ ارْتَفَعَتِ الشُّفْعَةُ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘When division takes place, al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre- emption) ceases to apply.’”
قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِالشُّفْعَةِ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَاءِ فِي الْأَرَضِينَ وَ الْمَسَاكِنِ وَ قَالَ لَا ضَرَرَ وَ لَا ضِرَارَ وَ قَالَ إِذَا رُفَّتِ الْأُرَفُ وَ حُدَّتِ الْحُدُودُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ[2].
Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, issued a judgment in favor of al- Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) in the case of partners in the ownership of land and houses, saying, “Harming and causing harm be
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الشُّفْعَةِ فِي الدُّورِ أَ شَيْءٌ وَاجِبٌ لِلشَّرِيكِ وَ يُعْرَضُ عَلَى الْجَارِ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ فَقَالَ الشُّفْعَةُ فِي الْبُيُوعِ إِذَا كَانَ شَرِيكاً فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا بِالثَّمَنِ[1].
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) in the case of houses; if it is obligatory on the neighbor to offer to the neighbor because of his priority right to buy. He (the Imam) said, ‘Al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) is applicable in selling if one
لَيْسَ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ وَ النَّصْرَانِيِّ شُفْعَةٌ وَ قَالَ لَا شُفْعَةَ إِلَّا لِشَرِيكٍ غَيْرِ مُقَاسِمٍ وَ قَالَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع وَصِيُّ الْيَتِيمِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ أَبِيهِ يَأْخُذُ لَهُ الشُّفْعَةَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ رَغْبَةٌ فِيهِ وَ قَالَ لِلْغَائِبِ شُفْعَةٌ.
“Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) does not apply in the case of the Jew and the Christian.‘ And he said, ‘It only applies to a partner who has not concluded the partnership.’ He (the Imam) has said, that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.) has said, ‘The Executor of the will for an orphan is
لَا تَكُونُ الشُّفْعَةُ إِلَّا لِشَرِيكَيْنِ مَا لَمْ يُقَاسِمَا فَإِذَا صَارُوا ثَلَاثَةً فَلَيْسَ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ شُفْعَةٌ.
‘Al-Shuf’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) is applicable only between two partners who have not concluded the partnership. If they become three then one of them does not have such right.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الشُّفْعَةِ لِمَنْ هِيَ وَ فِي أَيِّ شَيْءٍ هِيَ وَ لِمَنْ تَصْلُحُ وَ هَلْ يَكُونُ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ شُفْعَةٌ وَ كَيْفَ هِيَ فَقَالَ الشُّفْعَةُ جَائِزَةٌ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ- مِنْ حَيَوَانٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ أَوْ مَتَاعٍ إِذَا كَانَ الشَّيْءُ بَيْنَ شَرِيكَيْنِ لَا غَيْرِهِمَا فَبَاعَ أَحَدُهُمَا نَصِيبَهُ فَشَرِيكُهُ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ وَ إِنْ زَادَ عَلَى الِاثْنَيْنِ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْه
Al-Shuf ’ is applicable to animals, land or assets if it is between two partners and not more than two. When one of them sells his share then his partner has such right more than others, but if they are more than two it does not apply to one of them.’ It is also narrated that it does not apply to anything other than la
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع دَارٌ بَيْنَ قَوْمٍ اقْتَسَمُوهَا فَأَخَذَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ قِطْعَةً وَ بَنَاهَا وَ تَرَكُوا بَيْنَهُمْ سَاحَةً فِيهَا مَمَرُّهُمْ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَاشْتَرَى نَصِيبَ بَعْضِهِمْ أَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لَكِنْ يَسُدُّ بَابَهُ وَ يَفْتَحُ بَاباً إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ أَوْ يَنْزِلُ مِنْ فَوْقِ الْبَيْتِ وَ يَسُدُّ بَابَهُ فَإِنْ أَرَادَ صَاحِبُ الطَّرِيقِ بَيْعَهُ فَإِنَّهُمْ أَحَقّ
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a house which a certain people divided, each one took a piece, built and left in between a courtyard with the driveway on it. A man came and bought the share of someone among them; if he can do so. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so but
الشُّفْعَةُ لَا تَكُونُ إِلَّا لِشَرِيكٍ لَمْ يُقَاسِمْ.
“We heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘ Al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) is applicable only between two partners who have not concluded their partnership.’”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا شُفْعَةَ فِي سَفِينَةٍ وَ لَا فِي نَهَرٍ وَ لَا فِي طَرِيقٍ.[1]
Al-Shuf ’ (one’s rights of pre-emption) does not apply to ship, canal or road.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ اكْتَرَى أَرْضاً مِنْ أَرْضِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِنَ الْخَرَاجِ وَ أَهْلُهَا كَارِهُونَ وَ إِنَّمَا تَقَبَّلَهَا مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ لِعَجْزِ أَهْلِهَا عَنْهَا أَوْ غَيْرِ عَجْزٍ فَقَالَ إِذَا عَجَزَ أَرْبَابُهَا عَنْهَا فَلَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يُضَارُّوا وَ إِنْ أَعْطَيْتَهُمْ شَيْئاً فَسَخَتْ أَنْفُسُ أَهْلِهَا لَكُمْ بِهَا فَخُذُوهَا قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَ
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who rents, from al-Sultan a piece of land of al-Kharaj that belongs to tax payers, because of the failure of the owners. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the owners fail, you can take such land unless it is harmful to the owners. If you pay a
قَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ أَرْضَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ إِذَا عَمَرُوهَا وَ أَحْيَوْهَا فَهِيَ لَهُمْ.
“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not unlawful if tax payers buy land, if they build and revive it, it becomes their land.’”
إِنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ انْتُزِعَتْ مِنْكَ[2] أَوْ تُؤَدِّيَ عَنْهَا مَا عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْخَرَاجِ قَالَ عَمَّارٌ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ اشْتَرِهَا فَإِنَّ لَكَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ مَا هُوَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ.
“This is regarding their question before one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about buying the land of farmers of al-Kharaj land. He (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘On its coming (the time of the rise of al-Mahdiy with Divine Authority and Power) the land will be taken away or you pay what
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شِرَاءِ أَرْضِ الذِّمَّةِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا فَتَكُونُ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِمْ تُؤَدِّي عَنْهَا[1] كَمَا يُؤَدُّونَ قَالَ وَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ النِّيلِ- عَنْ أَرْضٍ اشْتَرَاهَا بِفَمِ النِّيلِ- فَأَهْلُ الْأَرْضِ يَقُولُونَ هِيَ أَرْضُهُمْ وَ أَهْلُ الْأُسْتَانِ[2] يَقُولُونَ هِيَ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا قَالَ لَا تَشْتَرِهَا إِلَّا بِرِضَا أَهْلِهَا.
“This is concerning my question before abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about buying the land of tax payers (non-Muslims). He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful. On its coming (the time of the rise of al-Mahdiy with Divine Authority and Power) you will pay what they pay.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man from pe
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ لِي أَرْضَ خَرَاجٍ وَ قَدْ ضِقْتُ بِهَا ذَرْعاً قَالَ فَسَكَتَ هُنَيْهَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ قَائِمَنَا لَوْ قَدْ قَامَ كَانَ نَصِيبُكَ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْهَا وَ لَوْ قَدْ قَامَ قَائِمُنَا ع كَانَ الْأُسْتَانُ أَمْثَلَ مِنْ قَطَائِعِهِمْ.
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that I had a piece of land of al-Kharaj which had caused to me great difficulties. He (the Imam) remained quiet for a while, then said, ‘On its coming (the time of the rise of al-Mahdiy with Divine Authority and Power) your share of the land will be greater than this and on such t
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ السُّخْرَةِ فِي الْقُرَى وَ مَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْعُلُوجِ[1] وَ الْأَكَرَةِ فِي الْقُرَى فَقَالَ اشْتَرِطْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَمَا اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الدَّرَاهِمِ وَ السُّخْرَةِ وَ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ لَكَ وَ لَيْسَ لَكَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً حَتَّى تُشَارِطَهُمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ كَالْمُسْتَيْقِنِ إِنَّ كُلَّ مَنْ نَزَلَ تِلْكَ الْقَرْيَةَ أُخِذَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ قَالَ وَ سَ
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about free labor in villages and what is taken of al-‘Aluj (infidels) and laborers on hire. He (the Imam) said, ‘Stipulate with them. Whatever you have stipulated with them like dirhams, their free labor and other things, then it is for you; but you cannot t
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ وَصَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص- عَلِيّاً ع عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَقَالَ يَا عَلِيُّ لَا يُظْلَمُ الْفَلَّاحُونَ بِحَضْرَتِكَ وَ لَا يَزْدَادُ عَلَى أَرْضٍ وَضَعْتَ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَا سُخْرَةَ عَلَى مُسْلِمٍ يَعْنِي الْأَجِيرَ[3].
The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, said, when he was about to leave this world to Ali (a.s.), “O Ali, you must not allow that farmers be oppressed before you; and you must not allow taxes on land to increase and you must not allow free
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَكْتُبُ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ لَا تُسَخِّرُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ مَنْ سَأَلَكُمْ غَيْرَ الْفَرِيضَةِ فَقَدِ اعْتَدَى فَلَا تُعْطُوهُ وَ كَانَ يَكْتُبُ يُوصِي بِالْفَلَّاحِينَ خَيْراً وَ هُمُ الْأَكَّارُونَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin, would write to his agents, ‘You must not make Muslims to perform free labor. Whoever of you asks for what is not obligatory, he has committed transgression and you must not give him anything.’ He (‘Amir al-Mu’minin) would write and recommend about farmers good ad
النُّزُولُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْخَرَاجِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ.
‘The duration of stay to demand al-Kharaj (taxes) from people of al-Kharaj is three days.’”
يُنْزَلُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْخَرَاجِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He (the tax collector agent) stays to demand al-Kharaj from the people of al-Kharaj for three days.’”
هَذِهِ أُجْرَةٌ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَا.
“About the case of a broker who shows houses and assets for a certain amount of fee, abu al-Hassan (a.s.), said it is not unlawful.’”
سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنَّا نَأْمُرُ الرَّجُلَ فَيَشْتَرِي لَنَا الْأَرْضَ وَ الْغُلَامَ وَ الدَّارَ وَ الْخَادِمَ وَ نَجْعَلُ لَهُ جُعْلًا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.
2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from and others from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Once abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, was asked, when I was listening, ‘We order a man to buy land, slave, a house or a servant for us and assign a certain amount for
اشْتَرَيْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع جَارِيَةً فَنَاوَلَنِي أَرْبَعَةَ دَنَانِيرَ فَأَبَيْتُ فَقَالَ لَتَأْخُذَنَّ فَأَخَذْتُهَا وَ قَالَ لَا تَأْخُذْ مِنَ الْبَائِعِ[2].
‘You must take it’ and I took it and he (the Imam) said, ‘You must not take anything from the seller.’”
سَمِعْتُ أَبِي سَأَلَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رُبَّمَا أَمَرْنَا الرَّجُلَ فَيَشْتَرِي لَنَا الْأَرْضَ وَ الدَّارَ وَ الْغُلَامَ وَ الْجَارِيَةَ وَ نَجْعَلُ لَهُ جُعْلًا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ.
4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Once, a man asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, when I was listening, ‘We perhaps order a man to buy for us land, house, slave or slave-girl and assign for him a
قَالُوا قَالا لَا بَأْسَ بِأَجْرِ السِّمْسَارِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ يَشْتَرِي لِلنَّاسِ يَوْماً بَعْدَ يَوْمٍ بِشَيْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مِثْلُ الْأَجِيرِ
“They have said that abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Payment for brokerage fee to a broker who buys goods for people day after day is not unlawful.’”
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يُشَارِكَ الذِّمِّيَّ وَ لَا يُبْضِعَهُ بِضَاعَةً وَ لَا يُودِعَهُ وَدِيعَةً وَ لَا يُصَافِيَهُ الْمَوَدَّةَ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not proper for a Muslim man to become a partner of al-Dhimmiy (non-Muslim tax payer) and not to give him goods for business, leave safe deposit with him and not to have pure friendly relationship with him.’”
أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص كَرِهَ مُشَارَكَةَ الْيَهُودِيِّ وَ النَّصْرَانِيِّ وَ الْمَجُوسِيِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجارَةً حاضِرَةً لَا يَغِيبُ عَنْهَا الْمُسْلِمُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin did not like partnership with Jews, Christians, al-Majusiy, unless it was a hand in hand business deal in the presence of the Muslim.”’
اشْتَرَيْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع جَارِيَةً فَلَمَّا ذَهَبْتُ أَنْقُدُهُمُ الدَّرَاهِمَ قُلْتُ أَسْتَحِطُّهُمْ قَالَ لَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نَهَى عَنِ الِاسْتِحْطَاطِ بَعْدَ الصَّفْقَةِ[3].
“I once bought a slave-girl for abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), and went to get dirhams and I asked him (the Imam), ‘Can I ask to reduce the price ? 5 He (the Imam) said, ‘No, because the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited asking for red
أَتَيْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بِجَارِيَةٍ أَعْرِضُهَا فَجَعَلَ يُسَاوِمُنِي وَ أُسَاوِمُهُ ثُمَّ بِعْتُهَا إِيَّاهُ فَضَمَّ عَلَى يَدِي قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّمَا سَاوَمْتُكَ لِأَنْظُرَ الْمُسَاوَمَةُ تَنْبَغِي أَوْ لَا تَنْبَغِي وَ قُلْتُ قَدْ حَطَطْتُ عَنْكَ عَشَرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ فَقَالَ هَيْهَاتَ أَلَّا كَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ الضَّمَّةِ أَ مَا بَلَغَكَ قَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ ص الْوَضِيعَةُ بَعْدَ الضَّمَّةِ حَرَامٌ[
“I once took a slave-girl to abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam. He (the Imam) bargained and I also bargained very hard. I then sold her to him (the Imam) and he (the Imam) shook my hand and I said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, I bargained hard to see if it was permissible or not and I said,
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ لَنَا أَكَرَةً فَنُزَارِعُهُمْ فَيَجِيئُونَ وَ يَقُولُونَ لَنَا قَدْ حَزَرْنَا هَذَا الزَّرْعَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَأَعْطُونَاهُ وَ نَحْنُ نَضْمَنُ لَكُمْ أَنْ نُعْطِيَكُمْ حِصَّتَكُمْ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَزْرِ فَقَالَ وَ قَدْ بَلَغَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَذَا قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ يَجِيءُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَيَقُولُ لَنَا إِنَّ الْحَزْرَ لَمْ يَجِئْ كَمَا حَزَرْتُ وَ قَدْ نَقَصَ قَالَ
“This is concerning my question before abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the people who work for hire and we make a deal with them to farm for us and they say, ‘We have estimated this farm for so and so much and if you give it to us we guarantee your share according to our estimation.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘Is it completed?’
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَسْتَأْجِرُ الرَّجُلَ بِأُجْرَةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ فَيَبْعَثُهُ فِي ضَيْعَةٍ فَيُعْطِيهِ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ دَرَاهِمَ وَ يَقُولُ اشْتَرِ بِهَذَا كَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ مَا رَبِحْتَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَذِنَ لَهُ الَّذِي اسْتَأْجَرَهُ فَلَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ.
“This is concerning my question before abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man who hires a man for a certain amount of wages and sends him to work; but he gives dirhams to another man and asks him, ‘Buy such and such things; we will share the profit.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If the one who has hired gives permission,
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ رَجُلًا بِنَفَقَةٍ وَ دَرَاهِمَ مُسَمَّاةٍ عَلَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَهُ إِلَى أَرْضٍ فَلَمَّا أَنْ قَدِمَ أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ الشَّهْرَ وَ الشَّهْرَيْنِ فَيُصِيبُ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُغْنِيهِ عَنْ نَفَقَةِ الْمُسْتَأْجِرِ فَنَظَرَ الْأَجِيرُ إِلَى مَا كَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الشَّهْرِ إِذَا هُوَ لَمْ يَدْعُهُ فَكَافَأَهُ الَّذِي يَدْعُ
“This is concerning my question before abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who hires another man for a certain amount of wages and dirham to send him to a certain land. When he arrives in that land one of his friends invites him with who he stays for one or two months where he does not need to spend from the
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَأْتِي الرَّجُلَ فَيَقُولُ اكْتُبْ لِي بِدَرَاهِمَ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ آخُذُ مِنْكَ[1] وَ أَكْتُبُ لَكَ [بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ] قَالَ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ مَمْلُوكاً فَقَالَ الْمَمْلُوكُ أَرْضِ مَوْلَايَ بِمَا شِئْتَ وَ لِي عَلَيْكَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا دَرَاهِمَ مُسَمَّاةً فَهَلْ يَلْزَمُ الْمُسْتَأْجِرَ وَ هَلْ يَحِلُّ لِلْمَمْلُوكِ قَالَ لَا يَل
“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who comes to another man and says, ‘Write for me for a few dirham.’ He says, ‘I take from you and write (in your presence).’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I then asked about a man who hires a slave who says, ‘Make my maste
كُنْتُ مَعَ الرِّضَا ع فِي بَعْضِ الْحَاجَةِ فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَنْصَرِفَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِي فَقَالَ لِيَ انْصَرِفْ مَعِي فَبِتْ عِنْدِيَ اللَّيْلَةَ فَانْطَلَقْتُ مَعَهُ فَدَخَلَ إِلَى دَارِهِ مَعَ الْمُعَتِّبِ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى غِلْمَانِهِ يَعْمَلُونَ بِالطِّينِ أَوَارِيَ الدَّوَابِ[2] وَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ وَ إِذاً مَعَهُمْ أَسْوَدُ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ مَا هَذَا الرَّجُلُ مَعَكُمْ فَقَالُوا يُعَاوِنُنَا وَ نُعْطِيهِ شَيْئ
“I once was with al-Rida’ (a.s.), because of a certain work and I wanted to leave for my home but he (the Imam) said, ‘Come with me and stay for the night with me/ I went with him (the Imam), he entered in his house with al-Mu‘attib and looked at his slaves who worked with clay, in the animal barn and other things and
لَا يَجِفُّ عَرَقُهُ حَتَّى تُعْطِيَهُ أُجْرَتَهُ.
“About the case of porters and a man working for hire, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You must pay him before his perspiration dries up.’”
تَكَارَيْنَا لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَوْماً يَعْمَلُونَ فِي بُسْتَانٍ لَهُ وَ كَانَ أَجَلُهُمْ إِلَى الْعَصْرِ فَلَمَّا فَرَغُوا قَالَ لِمُعَتِّبٍ أَعْطِهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَجِفَّ عَرَقُهُمْ.
“We once hired a people for abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), to work in his garden and they were suppose to work until the time of al-‘Al-‘Asr. When they finished, he (the Imam) said to Mu‘attib, ‘Pay them their wages before their perspiration dries up.’”