فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكَهُ فِي مَرَضِهِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ رُدَّ إِلَى الثُّلُثِ وَ جَازَ الْعِتْقُ[1].
“About the case of a man who makes a will about more than one-third of his legacy, or setting free a slave during his illness, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If it is more than one-third it is returned to one-third and setting free of slave is permissible/”
إِنْ أَعْتَقَ رَجُلٌ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ خَادِماً لَهُ ثُمَّ أَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ أُخْرَى أُلْقِيَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ وَ أُعْتِقَ الْخَادِمُ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَفْضُلَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ مَا يَبْلُغُ الْوَصِيَّةَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man when about to die sets free a servant, then makes another will, the will is dropped and the servant is set free from the one-third of his legacy except if the will exceeds one-third of the legacy.”’
فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ بِمَالٍ لِذَوِي قَرَابَتِهِ وَ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكاً لَهُ وَ كَانَ جَمِيعُ مَا أَوْصَى بِهِ يَزِيدُ عَلَى الثُّلُثِ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ فَقَالَ يَبْدَأُ بِالْعِتْقِ فَيُنَفِّذُهُ.
“This about the case of a man who makes a will when about to die, for relatives and setting free of a slave but the total exceeds one-third of the legacy and about how to deal with it. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘First it is executed about setting free of the slave then about the rest.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَأَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكَهُ وَ أَوْصَى بِوَصِيَّةٍ فَكَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ قَالَ يُمْضَى عِتْقُ الْغُلَامِ وَ يَكُونُ النُّقْصَانُ فِيمَا بَقِيَ.
“About the case of a man who when about to die sets free his slave and makes a will but the total is more than one-third of his legacy, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is executed about the setting free of the slave and the deficit falls on the rest of the will.’”
قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ أَوْصَانِي أَنْ أُعْتِقَ عَنْهُ رَقَبَةً فَأَعْتَقْتُ عَنْهُ امْرَأَةٌّأَ فَتُجْزِيهِ أَوْ أُعْتِقُ عَنْهُ مِنْ مَالِي قَالَ يُجْزِيهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي إِنَّ فَاطِمَةَ أُمَّ ابْنِي أَوْصَتْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَ عَنْهَا رَقَبَةً فَأَعْتَقْتُ عَنْهَا امْرَأَةً[2].
“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘’Alqamah ibn Muhammad has made a will that I must set free a slave for him, and I set free for him a woman: if this is sufficient or must I set free for him from my own property.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is sufficient.’ He (the Imam) then said to me, ‘Fatimah, mother of my son, m
سَأَلَنِي رَجُلٌ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَ لَمْ تَحُجَّ فَأَوْصَتْ أَنْ يُنْظَرَ قَدْرُ مَا يُحَجُّ بِهِ فَسُئِلَ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ أَمْثَلَ أَنْ يُوضَعَ فِي فُقَرَاءِ وُلْدِ فَاطِمَةَ وُضِعَ فِيهِمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْحَجُّ 5 أَمْثَلَ حُجَّ عَنْهَا فَقُلْتُ لَهُ إِنْ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا حَجَّةٌ مَفْرُوضَةٌ فَأَنْ يُنْفَقَ مَا أَوْصَتْ بِهِ فِي الْحَجِّ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ فِي غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man once asked me about a woman who died without performing al-Hajj but made a will about an amount which is sufficient for al-Hajj. He asked if it is better to spend it on the needy people from the descendents of Fatimah, ‘Alayha al-Salam, it will be done so; if performing al-Hajj
إِنْ كَانَ صَرُورَةً يُحَجُّ عَنْهُ مِنْ وَسَطِ الْمَالِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ صَرُورَةٍ فَمِنَ الثُّلُثِ.
“This is about the case of a man who dies but makes a will to perform al-Hajj for him. He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘If it is his first al-Hajj then al-Hajj is performed from the center of the legacy, but if it is not his first al-Hajj then it is paid for from the one-third of his legacy.’”
ابْدَأْ بِالْحَجِّ فَإِنَّهُ مَفْرُوضٌ فَإِنْ بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ فَاجْعَلْهُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ طَائِفَةً وَ فِي 5 الْعِتْقِ طَائِفَةً.
“About the case of a woman who makes a will to set free a slave, pay charity and al-Hajj but there is not enough, he (the Imam) (a.s.), said that first is al-Hajj because it is obligatory and if anything remains extra then spend something on charity and something for setting free a slave.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِثَلَاثِينَ دِينَاراً يُعْتَقُ بِهَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ يُشْتَرَى مِنَ النَّاسِ فَيُعْتَقُ.
“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who has made a will about thirty dinars to set free a man from our people but it cannot be done with that much. (The Imam) said, ‘A slave then must be bought from other people for this purpose.’”
سَأَلْتُ عَبْداً صَالِحاً ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ هَلَكَ فَأَوْصَى بِعِتْقِ نَسَمَةٍ مُسْلِمَةٍ بِثَلَاثِينَ دِينَاراً فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ بِالَّذِي سَمَّى قَالَ مَا أَرَى لَهُمْ أَنْ يَزِيدُوا عَلَى الَّذِي سَمَّى قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدُوا قَالَ فَلْيَشْتَرُوا مِنْ عُرْضِ النَّاسِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ نَاصِباً.
“I once asked the virtuous servant of Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has made a will about thirty dinar to set free a Muslim slave but it cannot be done with that amount. He (the Imam) said, ‘They must then buy from the rest of the people as long as he is not hostile to ‘A’immah (a.s.).’”
أَنَّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ سِتِّينَ مَمْلُوكاً فَأَعْتَقَ ثُلُثَهُمْ فَأَقْرَعْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَ أَخْرَجْتُ الثُّلُثَ.
“The Shaykh (a.s.), has said that abu Ja‘far (a.s.), died and left sixty slaves of whom he set free one-third and I determined such slaves by raffle and took the one-third away.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ مُحَرَّرَةٍ أَعْتَقَهَا أَخِي وَ قَدْ كَانَتْ تَخْدُمُ مَعَ الْجَوَارِي وَ كَانَتْ فِي عِيَالِهِ فَأَوْصَانِي أَنْ أُنْفِقَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْوَسَطِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مَعَ الْجَوَارِي وَ أَقَامَتْ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَأَنْفِقْ عَلَيْهَا وَ اتَّبِعْ وَصِيَّتَهُ[1].
“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about a slave-girl who was set free by my brother who served with slave-girls and was in his dependents. He made a will to spend for her from the center of the legacy. He (the Imam) said, ‘If she was with the slave-girls and managed them, then you must spend for her and execute the will
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى أَنْ يُعْتَقَ عَنْهُ نَسَمَةٌ بِخَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ فَاشْتُرِيَ نَسَمَةٌ بِأَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ فَضَلَتْ فَضْلَةٌ فَمَا تَرَى قَالَ تُدْفَعُ الْفَضْلَةُ إِلَى النَّسَمَةِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُعْتَقَ ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ[2].
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who made a will to set free a slave for five hundred dirham from the one-third of his legacy. A slave was bought for less than five hundred dirham and something remained extra. What do you say about it? He (the Imam) said, ‘Give the extra to the slave before
أَوْصَتْ إِلَيَّ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِي بِثُلُثِ مَالِهَا وَ أَمَرَتْ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ وَ يُحَجَّ وَ يُتَصَدَّقَ فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ ذَلِكَ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ تَجْعَلُ أَثْلَاثاً ثُلُثاً فِي الْعِتْقِ وَ ثُلُثاً فِي الْحَجِّ وَ ثُلُثاً فِي الصَّدَقَةِ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنْ أَهْلِي مَاتَتْ وَ أَوْصَتْ إِلَيَّ بِثُلُثِ مَالِهَا وَ أَمَرَتْ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ ع
“A woman of our family made a will about one-third of her legacy and asked to set free a slave, perform al-Hajj and give charity; but the one-third was not sufficient. I asked abu Hanifah about it and he said, ’Make it in three equal parts and spend one part for each cause/ I then visited abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), and sa
فِي رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ أَعْتِقْ فُلَاناً وَ فُلَاناً وَ فُلَاناً وَ فُلَاناً وَ فُلَاناً فَنَظَرْتُ فِي ثُلُثِهِ فَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ أَثْمَانَ قِيمَةِ الْمَمَالِيكِ الْخَمْسَةِ الَّتِي أَمَرَ بِعِتْقِهِمْ قَالَ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى الَّذِينَ سَمَّاهُمْ وَ يُبْدَأُ بِعِتْقِهِمْ فَيُقَوَّمُونَ وَ يُنْظَرُ إِلَى ثُلُثِهِ فَيُعْتَقُ مِنْهُ أَوَّلُ شَيْءٍ ثُمَّ الثَّانِي ثُمَّ الثَّالِثُ ثُمَّ الرَّابِعُ ثُمَّ الْخَامِ
“About the case of a man who at the time of his death makes a will to set free a slave so and so and so and so. I looked into the one-third of his legacy and found that it is not even equal to one-eighth of the five slaves whom he had mentioned, he (the Imam) (a.s.), said, ‘You must evaluate the slaves and begin settin
سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ فِي سَفَرٍ وَ مَعَهُ جَارِيَةٌ لَهُ وَ غُلَامَانِ مَمْلُوكَانِ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَنْتُمَا حُرَّانِ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ وَ اشْهَدَا أَنَّ مَا فِي بَطْنِ جَارِيَتِي هَذِهِ مِنِّي فَوَلَدَتْ غُلَاماً فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى الْوَرَثَةِ أَنْكَرُوا ذَلِكَ وَ اسْتَرَقُّوهُمْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْغُلَامَيْنِ أُعْتِقَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَشَهِدَا بَعْدَ مَا أُعْتِقَا أَنَّ مَوْلَاهُمَا الْأَ
“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who on a journey was with a slave-girl and two slaves. He said to them, ‘You are free for the sake of Allah and bear witness that the child in the womb of the slave-girl is from me. She gave birth to a son. When they came back, the heir refused the will and
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَحْضُرُهُ الْوَفَاةُ وَ لَهُ مَمَالِيكُ لِخَاصَّةِ نَفْسِهِ وَ لَهُ مَمَالِيكُ فِي شِرْكَةِ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَيُوصِي فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ مَمَالِيكِي أَحْرَارٌ مَا حَالُ مَمَالِيكِهِ الَّذِينَ فِي الشِّرْكَةِ فَقَالَ يُقَوَّمُونَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كَانَ مَالُهُ يَحْتَمِلُ ثُمَّ هُمْ أَحْرَارٌ[1].
“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who is about to die and sets free all of his slaves. He owns certain slaves and certain others with a partner and about the condition of the ones that he owns with a partner. He (the Imam) said, ‘His slaves of the partnership must be evaluated; if his share co
فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَ تَرَكَ جَارِيَةً أَعْتَقَ ثُلُثَهَا فَتَزَوَّجَهَا الْوَصِيُّ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ أَنَّهَا تُقَوَّمُ وَ تُسْتَسْعَى هِيَ وَ زَوْجُهَا فِي بَقِيَّةِ ثَمَنِهَا بَعْدَ مَا يُقَوَّمُ فَمَا أَصَابَ الْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ عِتْقٍ أَوْ رِقٍّ فَهُوَ يَجْرِي عَلَى وَلَدِهَا[2].
“This is about the case of a man who dies and leaves as his legacy a slave-girl whose one-third he sets free and the executor of the will marries her before the distribution of the legacy. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘She is appraised, then with her husband both are made to work to pay for the remaining of her cos