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الکافی- ط الاسلامیة

الكافي- ط الاسلامية

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بَابُ الْإِبَاقِ‌

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ وَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ:

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ثَلَاثَةٌ لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُمْ صَلَاةً أَحَدُهُمُ الْعَبْدُ الْآبِقُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَوْلَاهُ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Khalid, and Al Husayn Bin Saeed altogether, from Al Qasim Bin Urwa, from Abdul Hameed, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws having said: ‘Three (people) Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic will not Accept their Prayers – one of them is the absconding slave until he returns to his master’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَمِيلَةَ عَنْ زَيْدٍ الشَّحَّامِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ يَتَخَوَّفُ إِبَاقَ مَمْلُوكِهِ أَوْ يَكُونُ الْمَمْلُوكُ قَدْ أَبَقَ أَ يُقَيِّدُهُ أَوْ يَجْعَلُ فِي رَقَبَتِهِ رَايَةً فَقَالَ

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إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ بَعِيرٍ تَخَافُ شِرَادَهُ فَإِذَا خِفْتَ ذَلِكَ فَاسْتَوْثِقْ مِنْهُ وَ لَكِنْ أَشْبِعْهُ وَ اكْسُهُ قُلْتُ وَ كَمْ شِبَعُهُ فَقَالَ أَمَّا نَحْنُ فَنَرْزُقُ عِيَالَنَا مُدَّيْنِ مِنْ تَمْرٍ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Abu Nasr, from Abu Jameela, from Zayd Al Shahaam, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having been asked, ‘A man fears the absconding of his slave, or the slave happened to have absconded, should he constrain him, or make him to be in his slavery? Your asws view?’ So he asws said: ‘But rather, he is at the status of a camel which fears its owner. So when it fears that, so it is confident from it, but satiate it (feed it), and clothe it’. I said, ‘And how much is its satiation?’ So he asws said: ‘As for us asws , so we asws used to feed our asws families from two handfuls of dates’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]الراية: القلادة او التي توضع في عنق الغلام الآبق.( القاموس)ص 199

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ أَبِي هَاشِمٍ الْجَعْفَرِيِّ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَدْ أَبَقَ مِنْهُ مَمْلُوكُهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الظِّهَارِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ مَا لَمْ يَعْرِفْ مِنْهُ مَوْتاً قَالَ أَبُو هَاشِمٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَ كَانَ سَأَلَنِي نَصْرُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ الْقُمِّيُّ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Abu Hashim Al Ja’fary who said, ‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan asws about a man whose owned slave had absconded from him, is he allowed that he emancipates him regarding an expiation of Al-Zahaar ?’ He asws said: ‘There is no problem with it, for as long as death is not recognised from him’. Abu Hashim, may Allah azwj be Pleased with him said, ‘And it was Nasr Bin Aamir Al Qummy who had asked me that I ask him asws about that’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْأَوَّلِ ع قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ جَارِيَةٍ مُدَبَّرَةٍ أَبَقَتْ مِنْ سَيِّدِهَا مُدَّةَ سِنِينَ كَثِيرَةٍ ثُمَّ جَاءَتْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا مَاتَ سَيِّدُهَا بِأَوْلَادٍ وَ مَتَاعٍ كَثِيرٍ وَ شَهِدَ لَهَا شَاهِدَانِ أَنَّ سَيِّدَهَا قَدْ كَانَ دَبَّرَهَا فِي حَيَاتِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَأْبِقَ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع أَرَى أَنَّهَا وَ جَمِيعَ مَا مَعَهَا فَهُوَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ قُلْتُ لَا تُعْتَقُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ سَيِّدِهَا قَالَ لَا لِأَنَّهَا أَبَقَتْ عَاصِيَةً لِلَّهِ وَ لِسَيِّدِهَا فَأَبْطَلَ الْإِبَاقُ التَّدْبِيرَ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Al Husayn, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Hilal, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws the 1 st , said, ‘I asked him asws about a slave girl with an arranged emancipation who absconded from her master for a period of several years. Then she came back after her master had died, with a child, and a lot of belongings, and two witnesses testified for her that her master had arranged for her emancipation during his lifetime from before she had absconded. So Abu Ja’far asws said: ‘I asws view that she and the entirety of what is with her, so it is for the inheritors’. I said, ‘She would not be emancipated from a third of her (deceased) master?’ He asws said: ‘No, because she absconded, being disobedient to Allah azwj and her master, so the absconding invalidated the arranged emancipation’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الْخَثْعَمِيِّ عَنْ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ:

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فِي جُعْلِ الْآبِقِ الْمُسْلِمِ يُرَدُّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ‌ وَ قَالَ ع فِي رَجُلٍ أَخَذَ آبِقاً فَأَبَقَ مِنْهُ قَالَ لَا شَيْ‌ءَ عَلَيْهِ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Yahya Al Khash’amy, from Gayas Bin Ibrahim, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws that Amir Al-Momineen asws said regarding the absconded (slave) of a Muslim: ‘He would be returned upon the Muslim’. And he asws said regarding a man who seized an absconding slave, so he absconded from him. He asws said: ‘There is nothing upon him’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]أي يلزم ان يرد المسلم الآبق على المسلم و لا يأخذ منه جعلا أو ينبغي أن يرد الجعل على المسلم لو أخذه منه أو لا يأخذه لو أعطاه و يحتمل بعيدا أن يكون المعنى ان المسلم المالك يرد أي يعطى الجعل على التقادير الاولة فهو محمول على الاستحباب إذا قرر جعلا و على الوجوب مع عدمه اذا لم نقل بوجوب الدينار و الأربعة دنانير و يمكن أن يكون المراد انه إذا أخذ جعلا و لم يرد العبد يجب عليه ردّ الجعل، و قال في المسالك: لو استدعى الرد و لم يتعرض للاجرة يلزم أجرة المثل الا في الآبق فانه يلزم برده من مصره دينار و من غيره أربعة على المشهور و في طريق الرواية ضعف و نزلها الشيخ على الافضل و عمل المحقق بمضمونها ان نقصت قيمة العبد عن ذلك و تمادى الشيخان في النهاية و المقنعة فاثبتا ذلك و ان لم يستبرع المالك.( آت)ص 200

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أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِنَا رَفَعَهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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الْمَمْلُوكُ إِذَا هَرَبَ وَ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ مِصْرِهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ آبِقاً.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from one of our companions, (It has been narrated) raising it from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘The owned slave, when he flees and does not exit from his city, does not constitute as having absconded’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ صَالِحٍ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَصَابَ عَبْداً آبِقاً فَأَخَذَهُ وَ أَفْلَتَ مِنْهُ الْعَبْدُ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ قُلْتُ فَأَصَابَ جَارِيَةً قَدْ سُرِقَتْ مِنْ جَارٍ لَهُ فَأَخَذَهَا لِيَأْتِيَهُ‌ بِهَا فَنَفَقَتْ‌ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Al Hassan Bin Salih who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a man who came across an absconding slave, so he seized him, and the slave escaped from him. He asws said: ‘There is nothing upon him’. I said, ‘Supposing he came across a slave girl who had stolen from a neighbour of his, so he seizes in order to come over with her, so she dies’. (He asws said): ‘There is nothing upon him’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 2

[1]في بعض النسخ‌[ فنفقت‌] أى هلكت.ص 201

[2]محمول على عدم التفريط فان المشهور بين الاصحاب انه لو أبق العبد اللقيط اوضاع من غير تفريط لم يضمن و لو كان بتفريط ضمن و لو اختلفا في التفريط و لا بينة فالقول قول الملتقط مع يمينه.( آت)ص 201

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع اخْتُصِمَ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ أَخَذَ عَبْداً آبِقاً وَ كَانَ مَعَهُ ثُمَّ هَرَبَ مِنْهُ قَالَ

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يَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَا سَلَبَهُ ثِيَابَهُ وَ لَا شَيْئاً مِمَّا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا بَاعَهُ وَ لَا دَاهَنَ فِي إِرْسَالِهِ فَإِذَا حَلَفَ بَرِئَ مِنَ الضَّمَانِ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Al Nowfaly, from Al Sakuny, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws that Amir Al-Momineen asws , they disputed to him asws regarding a man who had seized an absconding slave, and he was with him, then he fled from him. He would be made to swear an oath by Allah azwj , besides Whom there is not god except for Him azwj , that he did not confiscate his clothes, nor anything from what was upon him, nor did he sell him, nor coaxed him during his sending. So when he swears, he is free from the responsibility’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنِ الْعَمْرَكِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَخِيهِ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ جُعْلِ الْآبِقِ وَ الضَّالَّةِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Read English translationHubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Al Amraky Bin Ali, (It has been narrated) from Ali son of Ja’far asws , from his brother asws Abu Al-Hassan asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about making the absconding slave suffer humiliation. He asws said: ‘There is no problem with it’.

Translation: HubeAli — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ:

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لَيْسَ فِي الْإِبَاقِ عُهْدَةٌ.

الهوامش · 1

[4]أي إباق العبد الآبق من عند الملتقط.( آت)ص 201