Salah (Prayer) for a Dead Person Hostile to ’A’immah

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from af-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Ubay ibn Salul died, the Holy prophet attended his funeral. ‘Umar said to the Messenger of Allah, “O Messenger of Allah, has Allah not forbidden you from standing on his grave?” He (the Messenger of Allah) remained silent. He (‘Umar) said, “O Messenger of Allah, has Allah not forbidden you from standing on his grave?” He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘Fie upon you, how you could tell what I say? I said, “O Lord, fill his belly with fire, fill his grave with fire and make him feel the heat of fire.”’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), then said, ‘He made the Messenger of Allah to expose what he disliked.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Muthanna’ al- Hannat from Zurarah who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ’If a man performs al-Hajj along with his small son, he must instruct him to say Talbiyah and make al-Hajj obligatory. If he cannot say Talbiyah correctly, he (the father) must say it on his behalf, make him to perform Tawaf and perform Salat (prayer) on his behalf.’ I then asked, are they not required to offer al-Hady (sacrifice)?’ He (the Imam) said, ’Sacrifice is required for small ones and fast is required from grown up people, and they must stay away in the state of Ihram from whatever the grown up people must stay away, and if he kills a prey his father must pay the expiation.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ibn Bukayr from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a girl whose father wants to give her in marriage to one man and her grandfather wants to give her in marriage to another man. He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather is preferred above the father as long as it is not harmful to the girl and that the father has not given her in marriage before the grandfather. Both father and grandfather’s giving her in marriage is permissible.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from Ziyad ibn ‘Isa from ‘Amir ibn al-Simt who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that a man of the hypocrites died. Al-Husayn ibn Ali (a.s.), attended his funeral; at this time one of his followers met him and asked, ‘O so and so, where do you want to go?’ He (the follower) said, ‘I am running away from the dead body of this hypocrite and from having to perform Salah (prayer) for him.’ Al-Husayn ibn Ali (a.s.), said, ‘Just stay on my right side and say what I say.’ When the guardian of the deceased said Takbir, al-Husayn ibn Ali (a.s.), said, ‘O Lord, condemn so and so a thousand times together and without difference. O Lord, make this one of Your servant to suffer in Your land and make him suffer the heat of fire, make him suffer the most severe of Your punishment; he loved Your enemies, he was hostile to Your friends and he hated the family of Your Holy prophet.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ahmad ibn abu Nasr has narrated from ‘Abd al-Karim from Ayyub brother of ’Udaym who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked, ‘Where from are children required to assume the state of Ihram?’ He (the Imam) said, ’My father would make them to assume the state of Ihram from Fakhkh (name of a place).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Hakam from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah) (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man gives in marriage his granddaughter to a man, it is binding upon his son and his son also can give her in marriage.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if her father likes one man and her grandfather prefers another man?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather has greater priority.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Sahl ibn Ziyad has narrated from ibn abu Najran from Safwan al-Jammal who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that a man of the hypocrites died and al-Husayn (a.s.), came out walking. One of his followers came and he (the Imam) asked, ‘Where are you going?’ He replied, ‘I am running away from the dead body of this hypocrite to avoid performing Salah (prayer) for him.’ Al-Husayn (a.s.), said, ‘Stand next to me and say what you will hear I will say.’ He (the Imam) then raised his hands and said, ‘O Lord, humiliate a servant who is one of Your servants in Your land. O Lord, make him feel the heat of Your fire. O Lord, make him suffer the most severe of suffering from Your creation because he loved Your enemies, he was an enemy of Your friends and hated the family of Your Holy prophet.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Ali from Yunus ibn Ya’qub from his father who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of small children with me and I am afraid for them of cold. Where from must they assume the state of Ihram? He (the Imam) said, ‘Bring them to al-‘Arj (a place) and you are in Tihamah (a place).’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If you are afraid for them, bring them to al-Juhfah.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from abu al-Mighra’ from ‘Ubayd ibn Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One day I was with Ziyad ibn ‘Ubayd Allah al-Harithiy when a man came and complained saying, “My father has given my daughter in marriage without my permission.” Ziyad then asked the people in his meeting about their views in the matter. They said, “His marriage is invalid.’” He (the Imam) has said, ‘He then asked, “What do you say, O ‘Abd Allah?” When he asked me I then turned to those who had given him an answer and asked them, ‘Of the matters that you narrate from the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, is there the case of the man who came to him (the Messenger of Allah) and complained against his father like this man and the Messenger of Allah told him that you and your assets belong to your father?’ They replied, ‘Yes, we narrate.’ I then asked them, ‘Why is it that even he and his assets belong to his father but his father’s giving in marriage is not permissible?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He accepted their words and ignored my words.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When you pray against the enemy of Allah say, “O Lord, we do not know of so and so except that he is Your enemy and the enemy of Your messenger. O Lord, fill up his grave with fire as well as his belly and hasten him to the fire, because he loved Your enemies, he was an enemy of Your friends and hated the family of Your Holy prophet. O Lord, constrict down his grave.’ When his body is picked up, then say, ‘O Lord, do not raise him and do not purify him.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘See if there are children with you, bring them to al- Juhfah or to Batn Marr and do for them what a person in the state of Ihram must do. They are made to perform Tawaf, throw pebbles; and if one cannot find offering animal for them, his guardian must fast for them. Ali ibn Al-Husayn (a.s.), would place the knife in the hand of the child and a grown up person, then place his hand on the hand of the child to complete slaughtering.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from and Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from all from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hisham ibn Salim and Muhammad ibn Flakim who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If both father and grandfather give in marriage, the first one’s marriage is effective and if both happens at the same time, the grandfather has the priority.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ’Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ’If the dead person is one who refuses the truth say, ‘O Lord, fill up his belly with fire as well as his grave. Make snakes and scorpions dominate him.’ This is what abu Ja’far (a.s.), said about an evil woman of banu ‘Umayyah against whom my father prayed and said this expression, “Make Satan her companion.” Muhammad ibn Muslim has said that he then asked him (the Imam), ’For what reason snakes and scorpions are placed in her grave?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is because snakes bite her and scorpions sting her and Satans give her company.’ I then asked, ‘Will she feel the pain?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, very severely.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from al-Fadl ibn Yunus who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘A slave is not obligated to perform al-Hajj or al-‘Umrah until he is free.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad ibn Sama‘ah from Ja’far ibn Sama‘ah from Aban from al-Fadl ibn ‘Abd al-Malik who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a grandfather gives his granddaughter in marriage and his son is living but grandfather is ill, still marriage is binding.’ We then asked, ‘What happens if the father loves one and grandfather loves another man and they both are equal in justice and agreement?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘I love if she agrees with her grandfather.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, say, ‘O Lord, humiliate a servant who is one of Your servants in Your land. O Lord, make him feel the heat of Your fire. O Lord, make him suffer the most severe of suffering from Your creation because, he was an enemy of Your friends, he loved Your enemies and hated the family of Your Holy prophet.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of boys who have come with us to Makkah for al-‘Umrah and then to Arafat without assuming the state of Ihram. He (the Imam) said, ‘Instruct them to take Ghusl (bath), assume the state of Ihram, slaughter for them as you slaughter (the offering animal) for yourself.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Dawud ibn al- Husayn from al-‘Abbas who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man marries, then his father rejects it, giving in marriage by the father is permissible; if the grandfather dislikes it, it is not like the case where grandfather gives in marriage, then father wants to reverse it.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

7. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Whatever a slave may commit in the state of Ihram is on his master, if he gives him permission to assume the state of Ihram.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from af-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn abu Hamzah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of our slave who came with us with his wife, performed al-Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous) and said Talbiyah for al-Hajj on the day of al- Tarwiyah (eight of Dhu al-Hajj ah), but I did not offer sacrifice for him. Is he required to fast after leaving when the days have passed, about which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has spoken? He (the Imam) said, ‘Why did you not instruct him to perform in Ifrad manner (al-Hajj without al-‘Umrah)?’ I replied, ‘I sought goodness.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Just as you sought goodness, slaughter for him a fat sheep’ and that was the last day to leave.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

9. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from Sama‘ah who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who instructed his slaves to perform al- Hajj al-Tamattu‘ (advantageous). He (the Imam) said, ‘He must offer al-Hady (sacrifice) for them.’ I then said, ‘He gave them dirham. Certain ones among them offered sacrifice and others kept the dirham and fasted.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is sufficient for them and he has the choice; if he wants he can leave them (dirham) alone. If he were to instruct them to fast, it would have been sufficient.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.