Divorce & Separation

سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ شَابَّةٌ وَ هِيَ تَحِيضُ كُلَّ شَهْرَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ حَيْضَةً وَاحِدَةً كَيْفَ يُطَلِّقُهَا زَوْجُهَا فَقَالَ أَمْرُهَا شَدِيدٌ تُطَلَّقُ طَلَاقَ السُّنَّةِ تَطْلِيقَةً وَاحِدَةً عَلَى طُهْرٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ بِشُهُودٍ ثُمَّ تُتْرَكُ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ مَتَى حَاضَتْ فَإِذَا حَاضَتْ ثَلَاثاً فَقَدِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا قِيلَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ مَضَتْ سَنَةٌ وَ

“Once abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who has a young wife who experiences Hayd (menses) every two or three months after once and about how he can divorce her. He (the Imam) said, ’Her case is difficult. He can divorce her according to Sunnah once in a Hayd (menses)-free period in the presence

أَمْرَانِ أَيُّهُمَا سَبَقَ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ الْمُسْتَرَابَةُ تَسْتَرِيبُ الْحَيْضَ إِنْ مَرَّتْ بِهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ بِيضٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا دَمٌ بَانَتْ بِهِ وَ إِنْ مَرَّتْ بِهَا ثَلَاثُ حِيَضٍ لَيْسَ بَيْنَ الْحَيْضَتَيْنِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ بَانَتْ بِالْحَيْضِ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ جَمِيلٌ وَ تَفْسِيرُ ذَلِكَ إِنْ مَرَّتْ بِهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ إِلَّا يَوْماً فَحَاضَتْ ثُمَّ مَرَّتْ بِهَا ثَ

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Jamil ibn Darraj from Zurarah who has said the following: “Abu Ja‘far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has stated this Hadith. ’In the case of a woman whose Hayd (menses) is confusing, of the two issues whichever comes first marks a woman’s becoming stranger to

قُلْتُ لَهُ الْجَارِيَةُ الشَّابَّةُ الَّتِي لَا تَحِيضُ وَ مِثْلُهَا تَحْمِلُ طَلَّقَهَا زَوْجُهَا قَالَ عِدَّتُهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ.

“I once asked the virtuous servant of Allah about the case of a young girl who does not experience Hayd (menses) when girls like her become pregnant and her husband has divorced her. He (the Imam) said, ’Her waiting period is three months.’”

فِي الْمَرْأَةِ يُطَلِّقُهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هِيَ تَحِيضُ كُلَّ ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ حَيْضَةً فَقَالَ إِذَا انْقَضَتْ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا يُحْسَبُ لَهَا لِكُلِّ شَهْرٍ حَيْضَةٌ.

“About the case of a woman who is divorced and experiences Hayd (menses) once every three months, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When three months are over her waiting period is complete. For every month he counts for her one Hayd (menses).”’

‌ فِي امْرَأَةٍ طُلِّقَتْ وَ قَدْ طَعَنَتْ فِي السِّنِّ فَحَاضَتْ حَيْضَةً وَاحِدَةً ثُمَّ ارْتَفَعَ حَيْضُهَا فَقَالَ تَعْتَدُّ بِالْحَيْضَةِ وَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُسْتَقْبِلَيْنِ فَإِنَّهَا قَدْ يَئِسَتْ مِنَ الْمَحِيضِ

“About the case of a woman who is divorced and is old but experiences Hayd (menses) once then her Hayd stops, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘She must count her waiting period for one Hayd and two months in future because she has reached menopause.’”

قُلْتُ لَهُ الْمَرْأَةُ الشَّابَّةُ الَّتِي تَحِيضُ مِثْلُهَا يُطَلِّقُهَا زَوْجُهَا فَيَرْتَفِعُ طَمْثُهَا كَمْ عِدَّتُهَا قَالَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهَا ادَّعَتِ الْحَبَلَ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ عِدَّتُهَا تِسْعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهَا ادَّعَتِ الْحَبَلَ بَعْدَ تِسْعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ إِنَّمَا الْحَبَلُ تِسْعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ قُلْتُ تَزَوَّجُ قَالَ تَحْتَاطُ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a woman who is young and other women like her experience Hayd (menses). She is divorced: then her Hayd stops. How long is her waiting period? He (the Imam) said, ‘It is three months.’ I then asked that she has claimed to be pregnant after three months. He (the Imam)

فِي الْمُطَلَّقَةِ يُطَلِّقُهَا زَوْجُهَا فَتَقُولُ أَنَا حُبْلَى فَتَمْكُثُ سَنَةً قَالَ إِنْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ لِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ سَنَةٍ لَمْ تُصَدَّقْ وَ لَوْ سَاعَةً وَاحِدَةً فِي دَعْوَاهَا.

“About the case of a woman who is divorced and she claims to be pregnant; so she waits for one year, abu Ibrahim or his father (a.s.), has said, ‘If she comes up with such claim after a year it is not accepted even if it is one hour more.’”

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَلَمَّا مَضَتْ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ ادَّعَتْ حَبَلًا قَالَ يُنْتَظَرُ بِهَا تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهَا ادَّعَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَبَلًا قَالَ هَيْهَاتَ هَيْهَاتَ إِنَّمَا يَرْتَفِعُ الطَّمْثُ مِنْ ضَرْبَيْنِ إِمَّا حَبَلٍ بَيِّنٍ وَ إِمَّا فَسَادٍ مِنَ الطَّمْثِ وَ لَكِنَّهَا تَحْتَاطُ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ بَعْدُ وَ قَالَ أَيْضاً فِي الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَطْمَثُ ثُمَّ يَ

5. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Muhammad ibn Hakim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, or abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who divorces his wife and after three months she claims to be pregnant. He (the Imam

الْحَامِلُ أَجَلُهَا أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا وَ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَتُهَا بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Waiting period of a pregnant divorcee expires at childbirth and he must pay for her maintenance in fairness until childbirth.’”

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا فَإِذَا وَضَعَتْهُ أَعْطَاهَا أَجْرَهَا وَ لَا يُضَارَّهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَجِدَ مَنْ هُوَ أَرْخَصُ أَجْراً مِنْهَا فَإِنْ هِيَ رَضِيَتْ بِذَلِكَ الْأَجْرِ فَهِيَ أَحَقُّ بِابْنِهَا حَتَّى تَفْطِمَهُ‌[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man divorces his pregnant wife he must pay for her maintenance until childbirth. When she gives birth, he must pay her wages without causing any harm to her, unless he finds someone who breastfeeds for less. If she also agrees for less then she has the priority to have her son un

الْحُبْلَى الْمُطَلَّقَةُ يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا وَ هِيَ أَحَقُّ بِوَلَدِهَا إِنْ تُرْضِعْهُ بِمَا تَقْبَلُهُ امْرَأَةٌ أُخْرَى إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- لا تُضَارَّ والِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِها وَ لا مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ وَ عَلَى الْوارِثِ مِثْلُ ذلِكَ‌[2] قَالَ كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَّا تَرْفَعُ يَدَهَا إِلَى زَوْجِهَا إِذَا أَرَادَ مُجَامَعَتَهَا فَتَقُولُ لَا أَدَعُكَ لِأَنِّي أَخَافُ

“A pregnant divorcee must receive her maintenance until childbirth, and she has the priority to breastfeed the child for wages equal to what another woman asks. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘A mother must not be harmed because of her child or the father because of the child and the heirs also bear suc

أَجَلُهَا أَنْ تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا وَ عَلَيْهِ نَفَقَتُهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا.

“About the case of a woman who is pregnant and is divorced, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Her waiting period ends with childbirth and he must pay for her maintenance until she gives birth.’”

إِنَّ الْمُطَلَّقَةَ ثَلَاثاً لَيْسَ لَهَا نَفَقَةٌ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا إِنَّمَا هِيَ لِلَّتِي لِزَوْجِهَا عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘A woman divorced three times does not have the right to ask for her maintenance from her husband. Such right becomes due on a husband who has the right to go back to her.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثاً عَلَى السُّنَّةِ هَلْ لَهَا سُكْنَى أَوْ نَفَقَةٌ قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who is divorced three times according to Sunnah; if she deserves maintenance and accommodation. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it does not apply to her case.”’

حُبْلَى هِيَ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ لَا.

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a woman who is divorced three times; if she deserves maintenance and accommodation. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Is she pregnant?’ I replied, ‘No, she is not pregnant.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, she does not deserve it.’”

الْمُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلَاثاً لَيْسَ لَهَا نَفَقَةٌ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ لِلَّتِي لِزَوْجِهَا عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘A woman who is divorced three times does not deserve maintenance from her husband; it is for the one whose husband has the right to go back to her.’”

قُلْتُ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلَاثاً أَ لَهَا سُكْنَى أَوْ نَفَقَةٌ فَقَالَ حُبْلَى هِيَ فَقُلْتُ لَا قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهَا سُكْنَى وَ لَا نَفَقَةٌ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a woman who is divorced three times: if she deserves maintenance and accommodation. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Is she pregnant?’ I replied, ‘No, she is not pregnant.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, she does not deserve it.’”

نَعَمْ أَ مَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ- أَ مَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife; if he can benefit her. He (the Imam) said, ’Yes, does he not want to be of the people of good deeds, does he not want to be of the pious people?”’

ذَكَرَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا[1] أَنَّ مُتْعَةَ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ فَرِيضَةٌ.

“Certain persons of our people have mentioned that benefiting a divorced woman is obligatory.’”

مَتَاعُهَا بَعْدَ مَا تَنْقَضِي عِدَّتُهَا- عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَ عَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ‌ وَ كَيْفَ لَا يُمَتِّعُهَا[3] وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّتِهَا تَرْجُوهُ وَ يَرْجُوهَا وَ يُحْدِثُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بَيْنَهُمَا مَا يَشَاءُ وَ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مُوَسَّعاً عَلَيْهِ مَتَّعَ امْرَأَتَهُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَ الْأَمَةِ وَ الْمُقْتِرُ يُمَتِّعُ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ الزَّبِيبِ وَ الثَّوْبِ وَ الدّ

“About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . divorced women have rights on the pious ones,’ (2:241) abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is benefiting her after her waiting period ends. An affluent man or one who is not affluent, each must benefit according to their abilities. During the waiting peri

فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ لِلْمُطَلَّقاتِ مَتاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ‌ قَالَ مَتَاعُهَا بَعْدَ مَا تَنْقَضِي عِدَّتُهَا- عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَ عَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ‌ قَالَ كَيْفَ يُمَتِّعُهَا فِي عِدَّتِهَا وَ هِيَ تَرْجُوهُ وَ يَرْجُوهَا وَ يُحْدِثُ اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ أَمَا إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ الْمُوسِعَ يُمَتِّعُ الْمَرْأَةَ بِالْعَبْدِ وَ الْأَمَةِ وَ يُمَتِّعُ الْفَقِيرُ

“About the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . divorced women must be benefited with fairness; it is a right on the pious ones’, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this Hadith. ‘It is after the end of waiting period, and about, ‘an affluent man and one not-so-affluent each according to their abilities’,

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ لِلْمُطَلَّقاتِ مَتاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ حَقًّا عَلَى الْمُتَّقِينَ‌ مَا أَدْنَى ذَلِكَ الْمَتَاعِ إِذَا كَانَ مُعْسِراً لَا يَجِدُ قَالَ خِمَارٌ أَوْ شِبْهُهُ.

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘. . . divorced women must be benefited with fairness. It is a right on the pious ones,’ and about what is the minimum of such benefits if one is not affluent. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is a scarf or similar things.’”

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ وَ تَتَزَوَّجُ إِنْ شَاءَتْ مِنْ سَاعَتِهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ فَرَضَ لَهَا مَهْراً فَلَهَا نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَرَضَ لَهَا مَهْراً فَلْيُمَتِّعْهَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man divorces his wife before going to bed with her, she becomes stranger to him and she can marry if she wants in the same hour after divorce. If mahr (dower) is set, she deserves one-half of it but if mahr (dower) is not set he must benefit her.’”

فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌ وَ إِنْ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ وَ قَدْ فَرَضْتُمْ لَهُنَّ فَرِيضَةً فَنِصْفُ ما فَرَضْتُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْفُونَ أَوْ يَعْفُوَا الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكاحِ‌[1] قَالَ هُوَ الْأَبُ أَوِ الْأَخُ أَوِ الرَّجُلُ يُوصَى إِلَيْهِ وَ الَّذِي يَجُوزُ أَمْرُهُ فِي مَالِ الْمَرْأَةِ فَيَبْتَاعُ لَهَا فَتُجِيزُ فَإِذَا عَفَا فَقَدْ جَازَ.

“The following are the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious. ‘If you divorce them before you touch them and if you have set mahr (dower) for them that must be paid them one-half of it is payable unless it is waved or one who has authority in the matter of marriage waves it.’ (2:237) Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has s

عَلَيْهِ نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ إِنْ كَانَ فَرَضَ لَهَا شَيْئاً وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَرَضَ لَهَا فَلْيُمَتِّعْهَا عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا يُمَتَّعُ مِثْلُهَا مِنَ النِّسَاءِ قَالَ وَ قَالَ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌ أَوْ يَعْفُوَا الَّذِي بِيَدِهِ عُقْدَةُ النِّكاحِ‌ قَالَ هُوَ الْأَبُ وَ الْأَخُ وَ الرَّجُلُ يُوصَى إِلَيْهِ وَ الرَّجُلُ يَجُوزُ أَمْرُهُ فِي مَالِ الْمَرْأَةِ فَيَبِيعُ لَهَا وَ يَشْتَرِي لَهَا فَإِذَا عَفَ

“About the case of a man who divorces his wife before going to bed with her, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this Hadith. ‘He owes to her one-half of mahr (dower) if he has set something for her; but if he has not set anything for her he must benefit her like the benefits that similar women receive. 5 The words of Al

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً عَلَى مِائَةِ شَاةٍ ثُمَّ سَاقَ إِلَيْهَا الْغَنَمَ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا وَ قَدْ وَلَدَتِ الْغَنَمُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْغَنَمُ حَمَلَتْ عِنْدَهُ رَجَعَ بِنِصْفِهَا وَ نِصْفِ أَوْلَادِهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْحَمْلُ عِنْدَهُ رَجَعَ بِنِصْفِهَا وَ لَمْ يَرْجِعْ مِنَ الْأَوْلَادِ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ. - مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ م

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and sets a mahr (dower) of one hundred sheep. He then delivers them to her, then divorces her before going to bed with her and the sheep have given birth to their young. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the sheep had become pregnant with him she mu

هَاتَانِ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمَا مَنْ يُوثَقُ بِهِ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ فَإِنْ كُنَّ عَلَى حَالِهِنَّ كَمَا أُدْخِلْنَ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ لَهُنَّ نِصْفَ الصَّدَاقِ الَّذِي فَرَضَ لَهَا وَ لَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهَا مِنْهُ.

“About the case of a man who marries a non-virgin woman or a virgin one and divorces her in the hour that she enters his house, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has stated this Hadith. ‘Trustworthy women must examine them and if they find such woman with the condition before she came to him then she deserves one-half of the mahr (do

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَعْطَاهَا عَبْداً لَهُ آبِقاً وَ بُرْدَ حِبَرَةٍ بِالْأَلْفِ الَّتِي أَصْدَقَهَا فَقَالَ إِذَا رَضِيَتْ بِالْعَبْدِ وَ كَانَ قَدْ عَرَفَتْهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ إِذَا هِيَ قَبَضَتِ الثَّوْبَ وَ رَضِيَتْ بِالْعَبْدِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ لَا مَهْرَ لَهَا وَ تَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ يَكُون

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and sets a mahr (dower) of one thousand dirham and gives her a runaway slave and a gown of Hibr for the one thousand set as mahr (dower). He (the Imam) said, ’If she knows about the slave and has agreed, then it is not unlawful if she has

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ جَعَلَ صَدَاقَهَا أَبَاهَا عَلَى أَنْ تَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا مَا يَنْبَغِي لَهَا أَنْ تَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنَّمَا لَهَا نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ وَ أَبُوهَا شَيْخٌ قِيمَتُهُ خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ هُوَ يَقُولُ لَوْ لَا أَنْتُمْ لَمْ أَبِعْهُ بِثَلَاثَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ لَا يُنْظَرُ فِي قَوْلِهِ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and has set her father as her mahr (dower) and that she must return one thousand dirham to him. He then divorces her before going to bed with her. What must she return to him when she deserves only one- half of the mahr (dower )? Her fathe

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَدَّاهَا إِلَيْهَا فَوَهَبَتْهَا لَهُ وَ قَالَتْ أَنَا فِيكَ أَرْغَبُ فَطَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ يَرْجِعُ عَلَيْهَا بِخَمْسِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ.

‘He must return to her five hundred dirham.’”

سَأَلْتُ- أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَأَمْهَرَهَا أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ دَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهَا فَوَهَبَتْ لَهُ خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ رَدَّتْهَا عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ تَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ الْخَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ الْبَاقِيَةَ لِأَنَّهَا إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ لَهَا خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَهِبَتُهَا إِيَّاهَا لَهُ وَ لِغَيْرِهِ سَوَاءٌ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and sets a mahr (dower) of one thousand dirham and pays it to her. She then keeps five hundred and returns five hundred to him as gift. He then divorces before going to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘She must return the other five hund

فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ أَمْهَرَهَا أَبَاهَا وَ قِيمَةُ أَبِيهَا خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ عَلَى أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا شَيْ‌ءٌ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and sets her (slave) father as her mahr (dower). His price is five hundred dirham; then he divorces before going to bed with her.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘She does not owe anything to him.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ عَلَيْهِ نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ إِنْ كَانَ فَرَضَ لَهَا شَيْئاً وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَرَضَ لَهَا شَيْئاً فَلْيُمَتِّعْهَا عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا يُمَتَّعُ بِهِ مِثْلُهَا مِنَ النِّسَاءِ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife before going to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ’He owes to her one-half of the mahr (dower) if he has set mahr (dower) for her, but if he has not set anything for her then he must benefit her in a fair manner as it is done with women

إِنْ كَانَ قَوَّمَهَا عَلَيْهَا يَوْمَ تَزَوَّجَهَا فَإِنَّهُ يُقَوَّمُ الْعَبْدُ الْبَاقِي بِقِيمَتِهِ ثُمَّ يُنْظَرُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْقِيمَةِ الَّتِي تَزَوَّجَهَا عَلَيْهَا فَتَرُدُّ الْمَرْأَةُ عَلَى الزَّوْجِ ثُمَّ يُعْطِيهَا الزَّوْجُ النِّصْفَ مِمَّا صَارَ إِلَيْهِ.

“This is the case of a man who marries a woman for a slave with his wife. He delivers them to her then the wife of the slave dies in the possession of the woman; then he divorces her before going to bed with her. Abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal (a.s.), has said, ‘If he had appraised her for her on the day of marriage he then a

فِي الْمَرْأَةِ تَزَوَّجُ عَلَى الْوَصِيفِ فَيَكْبَرُ عِنْدَهَا فَيَزِيدُ أَوْ يَنْقُصُ ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا- قَالَ عَلَيْهَا نِصْفُ قِيمَتِهِ يَوْمَ دُفِعَ إِلَيْهَا لَا يُنْظَرُ فِي زِيَادَةٍ وَ لَا نُقْصَانٍ.

‘If a woman marries for a woman as mahr (dower) who grows with her whereby her price increases or reduces, then he divorces her before going to bed with her. She must give back half of the price of the day it was given to her regardless of any increase or decrease.’”

فِي الرَّجُلِ يُعْتِقُ أَمَتَهُ فَيَجْعَلُ عِتْقَهَا مَهْرَهَا ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ تَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ نِصْفَ قِيمَتِهَا تُسْتَسْعَى فِيهَا.

“About the case of a man who sets his slave-girl free then sets her freedom as her mahr (dower) then divorces before going to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘She must return one-half of her price and must work to pay the rest.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَأَغْلَقَ بَاباً وَ أَرْخَى سِتْراً وَ لَمَسَ وَ قَبَّلَ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا أَ يُوجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّدَاقَ قَالَ لَا يُوجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّدَاقَ إِلَّا الْوِقَاعُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman, closes the door, pulls the curtains, touches and kisses her; then divorces; if mahr (dower) becomes obligatory. He (the Imam) said, ‘Mahr (dower) becomes obligatory only after sexual intercourse.’”

سَأَلَهُ أَبِي وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَأُدْخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يَمَسَّهَا وَ لَمْ يَصِلْ إِلَيْهَا حَتَّى طَلَّقَهَا هَلْ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا الْعِدَّةُ مِنَ الْمَاءِ[1] قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ وَاقَعَهَا فِي الْفَرْجِ وَ لَمْ يُنْزِلْ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَدْخَلَهُ وَجَبَ الْغُسْلُ وَ الْمَهْرُ وَ الْعِدَّةُ.

“Abu Basir once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when I was also there, about a man who marries a woman, goes to her but does not touch or approach her before divorcing if she needs to count the waiting period. He (the Imam) said, ‘Waiting period is because of fluid discharge.’ It was asked, ‘What happens if there is sexua

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ عَنْهَا مِنْ أَيِّ يَوْمٍ تَعْتَدُّ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَقَامَتْ لَهَا بَيِّنَةَ عَدْلٍ أَنَّهَا طُلِّقَتْ فِي يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَ تَيَقَّنَتْ فَلْتَعْتَدَّ مِنْ يَوْمَ طُلِّقَتْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَحْفَظْ فِي أَيِّ يَوْمٍ وَ فِي أَيِّ شَهْرٍ فَلْتَعْتَدَّ مِنْ يَوْمِ يَبْلُغُهَا.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife when he is absent. When must his wife commence her ‘Iddah (waiting period )? He (the Imam) said, ‘If just testimony is established for his divorcing her on a known day which gives her certainty, she must commence her ‘Iddah (waiting per

فِي الْغَائِبِ إِذَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ إِنَّهَا تَعْتَدُّ مِنَ‌ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي طَلَّقَهَا.

“About the case of one who is absent if he divorces his wife abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘She must commence her ‘Iddah (waiting period) from the day he has divorced her.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ عَنْهَا مَتَى تَعْتَدُّ قَالَ إِذَا قَامَتْ لَهَا بَيِّنَةٌ أَنَّهَا طُلِّقَتْ فِي يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَ شَهْرٍ مَعْلُومٍ فَلْتَعْتَدَّ مِنْ يَوْمَ طُلِّقَتْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَحْفَظْ فِي أَيِّ يَوْمٍ وَ أَيِّ شَهْرٍ فَلْتَعْتَدَّ مِنْ يَوْمِ يَبْلُغُهَا[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife when he is absent. When must she commence her ‘Iddah (waiting period)? He (the Imam) said, ‘If testimony is established that he has divorced on a known day, of a known month, she must commence her ‘Iddah (waiting period) from that day; b

إِنْ جَاءَ شَاهِدَا عَدْلٍ فَلَا تَعْتَدَّ وَ إِلَّا فَلْتَعْتَدَّ مِنْ يَوْمِ يَبْلُغُهَا.

“Once, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who divorces his wife. He informs her about it only after one year. He (the Imam) said, ‘If two just witness testify to prove it, she does not need to complete any ‘Iddah (waiting period), otherwise, she must commence her ‘Iddah (waiting period) from the d

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ فَلْيُشْهِدْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَإِذَا مَضَى ثَلَاثَةُ أَقْرَاءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فَقَدِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.) has said, ‘If a man divorces his wife when he is absent he must appoint witnesses. When three Hayd (menses)-free periods pass from that time her ‘Iddah (waiting period) is complete.’”

قَالَ: فِي الْمُطَلَّقَةِ إِذَا قَامَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ طَلَّقَهَا مُنْذُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا فَكَانَتْ عِدَّتُهَا قَدِ انْقَضَتْ فَقَدْ بَانَتْ.

“Abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ (a.s.), has said, ‘If proof is established that she was divorced on such and such date which proves the expiration of her ‘Iddah (waiting period) she becomes a stranger for him.’”

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ فَقَامَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَعِدَّتُهَا مِنْ يَوْمَ طَلَّقَ.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘If one divorces his wife when he is absent and proof is established to prove such divorce, her ‘Iddah (waiting period) commences from the day he has divorced her.’”

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ وَ هُوَ غَائِبٌ فَقَامَتْ لَهَا الْبَيِّنَةُ أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا فِي شَهْرِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا اعْتَدَّتْ مِنَ الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي كَانَ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا فِيهِ الطَّلَاقُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَحْفَظْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ اعْتَدَّتْ مِنْ يَوْمَ عَلِمَتْ.

‘If a man divorces his wife when he is absent and testimony is established to prove the date of such divorce, she can commence her ‘Iddah (waiting period) from the day her husband had divorced her. If it is not proved then she must commence her ‘Iddah (waiting period) from the time she is informed.’”

قُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَيْفَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثَ حِيَضٍ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ صَارَتْ عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً فَقَالَ أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُطَلَّقَةِ ثَلَاثَةَ قُرُوءٍ فَلِاسْتِبْرَاءِ الرَّحِمِ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ وَ أَمَّا عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَرَطَ لِلنِّسَاءِ شَرْطاً وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِنَّ شَرْ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, why is it that waiting period for a woman divorced three times, is three cycles of Hayd (menses) or three months, and the waiting period of a widow is four months and ten days? He (the Imam) said, ‘Waiting pe

عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا آخِرُ الْأَجَلَيْنِ لِأَنَّ عَلَيْهَا أَنْ تُحِدَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا فِي الطَّلَاقِ أَنْ تُحِدَّ.

‘The waiting period of a widow ends with the end of one of the two which ends last because she must sit in mourning for four months and ten days, while in divorce there is no mourning.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْمَرْأَةُ الْحُبْلَى الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا تَضَعُ وَ تَزَوَّجُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَخْلُوَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ زَوْجُهَا الَّذِي تَزَوَّجَهَا دَخَلَ بِهَا فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ اعْتَدَّتْ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ عِدَّتِهَا الْأُولَى وَ عِدَّةً أُخْرَى مِنَ الْأَخِيرِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ اعْتَدَّتْ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ عِدَّتِهَا و

7. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Safwan ibn Yahya from ibn Muskan from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has said the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a pregnant widow who after childbirth marries before the end of four months and ten days. He (the Imam)

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا قَالَ إِنْ هَلَكَتْ أَوْ هَلَكَ أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَ عَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ كَمَلًا وَ لَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ.

‘If he or she dies or he divorces her, she deserves one- half of the mahr (dower), complete inheritance and must count complete waiting period.’”