Marriage

سَمِعْتُ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ يَا عَلِيُّ مُرْ نِسَاءَكَ لَا يُصَلِّينَ عُطُلًا وَ لَوْ يُعَلِّقْنَ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِنَّ سَيْراً[1].

“I once heard Ja’far ibn Muhammad (a.s.), saying that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, said, ‘O Ali, instruct your women not to perform Salat (prayer) without having dressed well and not to use a necklace which is made of skin.’”

ذَكَرْتُ لَهُ الْمَجُوسَ وَ أَنَّهُمْ يَقُولُونَ نِكَاحٌ كَنِكَاحِ وُلْدِ آدَمَ وَ إِنَّهُمْ يُحَاجُّونَّا بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَلَا يُحَاجُّونَكُمْ بِهِ لَمَّا أَدْرَكَ هِبَةُ اللَّهِ قَالَ آدَمُ يَا رَبِّ زَوِّجْ هِبَةَ اللَّهِ فَأَهْبَطَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَهُ حَوْرَاءَ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ غِلْمَةٍ ثُمَّ رَفَعَهَا اللَّهُ فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ وُلْدُ هِبَةِ اللَّهِ قَالَ يَا رَبِّ زَوِّجْ وُلْ

“I once mentioned to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), Zoroastrians and that they say, ‘A marriage like the marriage of the sons of Adam and that they argue with us about it. He (the Imam) said, ‘They cannot argue against you because of what Hibbahtu Allah found. Adam said, ‘O Lord, find marriage for Hibbahtu Allah.’ Allah, most Maje

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ لِلْمَرْأَةِ إِنِّي أُحِبُّكِ لَا يَذْهَبُ مِنْ قَلْبِهَا أَبَداً.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘The words of a man to a woman, ‘I love you’ never goes away from her heart.’”

كُلُّ زِنًى سِفَاحٌ وَ لَيْسَ كُلُّ سِفَاحٍ زِنًى لِأَنَّ مَعْنَى الزِّنَى فِعْلُ حَرَامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ جِهَةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ مِنْ وُجُوهِ الْحَلَالِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ هَذَا الْفِعْلُ بِكُلِّيَّتِهِ حَرَاماً مِنْ كُلِّ وَجْهٍ كَانَتْ تِلْكَ الْعِلَّةُ رَأْسَ كُلِّ فَاحِشَةٍ وَ رَأْسَ كُلِّ حَرَامٍ حَرَّمَهُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْفُرُوجِ كُلِّهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَدْ يَكُونُ فِعْلُ الزِّنَى عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنَ الْعِبَادِ وَ أَج

قَذَفَ رَجُلٌ رَجُلًا مَجُوسِيّاً عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ مَهْ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ إِنَّهُ يَنْكِحُ أُمَّهُ أَوْ أُخْتَهُ فَقَالَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَهُمْ نِكَاحٌ فِي دِينِهِمْ.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from ‘ Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “A man once accused a Zoroastrian man before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), he (the Imam) said, ‘Hold it.’ The man said, ‘He marries his mother or sister.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is marriage among them i

لَمَّا لَقِيَ يُوسُفُ أَخَاهُ قَالَ لَهُ يَا أَخِي كَيْفَ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ النِّسَاءَ بَعْدِي‌ قَالَ إِنَّ أَبِي أَمَرَنِي وَ قَالَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ تَكُونَ لَكَ ذُرِّيَّةٌ تُثْقِلُ الْأَرْضَ بِالتَّسْبِيحِ فَافْعَلْ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When Yusuf ‘Alayhi al-Salam, met his brother, he asked him, ‘How could you marry women after me?’ He replied, ‘My father commanded me and said, ‘If you like to have such a number of children who can make the earth heavy with Tasbih (Allah is free of all defects) you must do so.’”

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع أَنِّي اجْتَنَبْتُ طَلَبَ الْوَلَدِ مُنْذُ خَمْسِ سِنِينَ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَهْلِي كَرِهَتْ ذَلِكَ وَ قَالَتْ إِنَّهُ يَشْتَدُّ عَلَيَّ تَرْبِيَتُهُمْ لِقِلَّةِ الشَّيْ‌ءِ فَمَا تَرَى فَكَتَبَ ع إِلَيَّ اطْلُبِ الْوَلَدَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَرْزُقُهُمْ.

“I once wrote to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), saying, ‘I have avoided praying for a son for five years because my wife dislikes it and says that bringing up a child is very difficult because of lack of resources.’ He (the Imam) (a.s.), wrote to me, ‘Ask for them (children): Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, will grant them

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مَرَّ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ ع بِقَبْرٍ يُعَذَّبُ صَاحِبُهُ ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِهِ مِنْ قَابِلٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ لَا يُعَذَّبُ فَقَالَ يَا رَبِّ مَرَرْتُ بِهَذَا الْقَبْرِ عَامَ أَوَّلَ فَكَانَ يُعَذَّبُ وَ مَرَرْتُ بِهِ الْعَامَ فَإِذَا هُوَ لَيْسَ يُعَذَّبُ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ أَدْرَكَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ صَالِحٌ فَأَصْلَحَ طَرِيقاً وَ آوَى يَتِيماً فَلِهَذَا غَفَرْتُ لَهُ بِمَا فَعَلَ ابْنُهُ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said the following: ‘Jesus, son of Marry, once passed by a grave wherein its dweller suffered a great suffering. He passed by the same grave afterward but foun

تَزَوَّجْتُ‌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَيْفَ رَأَيْتَ قُلْتُ مَا رَأَى رَجُلٌ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فِي امْرَأَةٍ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ فِيهَا وَ لَكِنْ خَانَتْنِي فَقَالَ وَ مَا هُوَ قُلْتُ وَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً قَالَ لَعَلَّكَ كَرِهْتَهَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- آباؤُكُمْ وَ أَبْناؤُكُمْ لا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعاً[1].

“I married in al-Madinah and abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), asked me, ‘How is your married life?’ I replied, ‘Every good thing that a man can see in a woman I found with her but she betrayed me.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘How did she do so?’ I replied, ‘She gave birth to a girl.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You may have disliked her but

أُتِيَ رَجُلٌ وَ هُوَ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ص فَأُخْبِرَ بِمَوْلُودٍ أَصَابَهُ فَتَغَيَّرَ وَجْهُ الرَّجُلِ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ع مَا لَكَ فَقَالَ خَيْرٌ فَقَالَ قُلْ قَالَ خَرَجْتُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَمْخَضُ فَأُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّهَا وَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ص الْأَرْضُ تُقِلُّهَا[3] وَ السَّمَاءُ تُظِلُّهَا- وَ اللَّهُ يَرْزُقُهَا وَ هِيَ رَيْحَانَةٌ تَشَمُّهَا ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ مَ

“A man once was with the Holy Prophet (saww) and he informed him about the birth of a child but his face changed. The Holy Prophet asked him, ‘What is the matter with you?’ He (the Messenger of Allah) said, ‘Say that it is good.’ He then said, ‘I left and my wife was in labor. I am informed that she has given birth to

أَنَّهُ وَفَدَ إِلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ فَأَبْطَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْإِذْنُ حَتَّى اغْتَمَّ وَ كَانَ لَهُ حَاجِبٌ كَثِيرُ الدُّنْيَا وَ لَا يُولَدُ لَهُ فَدَنَا مِنْهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تُوصِلَنِي إِلَى هِشَامٍ وَ أُعَلِّمَكَ دُعَاءً[3] يُولَدُ لَكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ فَأَوْصَلَهُ إِلَى هِشَامٍ وَ قَضَى لَهُ جَمِيعَ حَوَائِجِهِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ قَالَ لَهُ الْحَاجِبُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ الد

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Once I wanted to visit Hisham ibn ‘Abd al-Malik but permission for a meeting was delayed and I felt worried.’ He ‘Abd al-Malik had a guard who was wealthy but had no children. Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), asked him, ‘If you can arrange a meeting with Hisham I will teach you a prayer and you will ha

لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا جَامَعْتَ فَقُلِ- اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ إِنْ رَزَقْتَنِي ذَكَراً سَمَّيْتُهُ مُحَمَّداً قَالَ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَرُزِقَ.

‘When going to bed with your wife say, ‘O Lord, if You grant me a son I will name him Muhammad.’ He (the narrator) has said that he followed the instruction, then a son was born to him.’”

أَتَتْ عَلَيَّ سِتُّونَ سَنَةً لَا يُولَدُ لِي فَحَجَجْتُ فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَشَكَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِي أَ وَ لَمْ يُولَدْ لَكَ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ إِذَا قَدِمْتَ الْعِرَاقَ فَتَزَوَّجِ امْرَأَةً وَ لَا عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ سَوْءَاءَ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا السَّوْءَاءُ قَالَ امْرَأَةٌ فِيهَا قُبْحٌ فَإِنَّهُنَّ أَكْثَرُ أَوْلَاداً وَ ادْعُ بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو- أَنْ يَرْزُقَ

“I was sixty years old and had no children. I went to perform al-Hajj then visited abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), and complained about not having any child. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Has any child ever been born to you?’ I replied, ‘No, it has not happened.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When you go to Iraq marry a woman and it does not ma

فَفَعَلْتُ فَأَذْهَبَ اللَّهُ عَنِّي سُقْمِي وَ كَثُرَ وُلْدِي قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَاشِدٍ وَ كُنْتُ دَائِمَ الْعِلَّةِ مَا أَنْفَكُّ مِنْهَا فِي نَفْسِي وَ جَمَاعَةِ خَدَمِي وَ عِيَالِي حَتَّى إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَبْقَى وَحْدِي وَ مَا لِي أَحَدٌ يَخْدُمُنِي فَلَمَّا سَمِعْتُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ هِشَامٍ عَمِلْتُ بِهِ فَأَذْهَبَ اللَّهُ عَنِّي وَ عَنْ عِيَالِيَ الْعِلَلَ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ.

“Hisham ibn Ibrahim narrated to me that he complained before abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about not having a child. He (the Imam) commanded him to raise his voice with Adhan in his house. He has said, ‘I followed the instruction: then Allah removed my shortcoming and my children became many.’ Muhammad ibn Rashid has said, ’I

قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ بِالرَّبَذَةِ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لَمْ أُرْزَقْ وَلَداً فَقَالَ لَهُ إِذَا رَجَعْتَ إِلَى بِلَادِكَ وَ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ أَهْلَكَ فَاقْرَأْ إِذَا أَرَدْتَ ذَلِكَ- وَ ذَا النُّونِ إِذْ ذَهَبَ مُغاضِباً فَظَنَّ أَنْ لَنْ نَقْدِرَ عَلَيْهِ فَنادى‌ فِي الظُّلُماتِ أَنْ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحانَكَ إِنِّي كُنْتُ مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ‌[1] إِلَى ثَلَاثِ آيَاتٍ فَإِنَّكَ سَتُرْزَق

I have not been granted any children.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘When you return to your country and then decide to go to bed with your wife then read, ‘When the companion of fish went away in anger he thought that We will not apply any measures against him. He then in the dark called, “I testify that no one other than You

إِذَا أَرَدْتَ الْوَلَدَ فَقُلْ عِنْدَ الْجِمَاعِ- اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي وَلَداً وَ اجْعَلْهُ تَقِيّاً لَيْسَ فِي خَلْقِهِ زِيَادَةٌ وَ لَا نُقْصَانٌ وَ اجْعَلْ عَاقِبَتَهُ إِلَى خَيْرٍ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘When you want to have a son then at the time of your going to bed with your wife say, “O Lord, grant me a son, make him pious, without any deficiency or extra in his physical condition and make his consequences in goodness.’”

إِذَا كَانَ بِامْرَأَةِ أَحَدِكُمْ حَبَلٌ فَأَتَى عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ[1] فَلْيَسْتَقْبِلْ بِهَا الْقِبْلَةَ وَ لْيَقْرَأْ آيَةَ الْكُرْسِيِّ وَ لْيَضْرِبْ عَلَى جَنْبِهَا وَ لْيَقُلِ- اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي قَدْ سَمَّيْتُهُ مُحَمَّداً فَإِنَّهُ يَجْعَلُهُ غُلَاماً فَإِنْ وَفَى بِالاسْمِ بَارَكَ اللَّهُ لَهُ فِيهِ وَ إِنْ رَجَعَ عَنِ الِاسْمِ كَانَ لِلَّهِ فِيهِ الْخِيَارُ إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the wife of one you is pregnant, during the fourth month ask her to face al-Qiblah (al-Ka‘bah) and read verse 255 of Chapter two, then tap on her side and say, ‘O Lord, I have named him Muhammad.’ Allah will make him a boy. If he keeps the name as he had promised Allah grants him b

كُنْتُ أَنَا وَ ابْنُ غَيْلَانَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ دَخَلْنَا عَلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ غَيْلَانَ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ حَمْلٌ فَنَوَى أَنْ يُسَمِّيَهُ مُحَمَّداً وُلِدَ لَهُ غُلَامٌ فَقَالَ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ حَمْلٌ فَنَوَى أَنْ يُسَمِّيَهُ عَلِيّاً وُلِدَ لَهُ غُلَامٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَلِيٌّ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ مُحَمَّدٌ عَلِيٌّ شَيْئاً وَاحِداً[3] قَالَ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ إِن

“Once ibn Ghaylan al-Mada’iniy and I visited abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), and ibn Ghaylan said to him (the Imam), ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, I have been informed that if one’s wife is pregnant and he keeps his intention to name him Muhammad a son then is born to him.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If one’s wife is pr

مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يُحْمَلُ لَهُ حَمْلٌ‌[4] فَيَنْوِي أَنْ يُسَمِّيَهُ مُحَمَّداً إِلَّا كَانَ ذَكَراً إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَ قَالَ هَاهُنَا ثَلَاثَةٌ كُلُّهُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ مُحَمَّدٌ مُحَمَّدٌ وَ قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي حَدِيثٍ آخَرَ يَأْخُذُ بِيَدِهَا وَ يَسْتَقْبِلُ بِهَا الْقِبْلَةَ عِنْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ وَ يَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي‌ سَمَّيْتُهُ مُحَمَّداً وُلِدَ لَهُ غُلَامٌ وَ إِنْ حَوَّلَ اس

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Anyone whose wife is pregnant and he keeps in his intention to name him Muhammad, the child will be a boy by the will of Allah.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘There are three and all of them are Muhammad, Muhammad, Muhammad.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), in another Hadith has said, ‘He should hold h

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ حَمْلٌ فَنَوَى أَنْ يُسَمِّيَهُ- مُحَمَّداً أَوْ عَلِيّاً وُلِدَ لَهُ غُلَامٌ.

“The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘If one’s wife is pregnant and he keeps in his intention to name him Muhammad or Ali, a boy will be born to him.’”

إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَ النُّطْفَةَ[2] الَّتِي مِمَّا أَخَذَ عَلَيْهَا الْمِيثَاقَ فِي صُلْبِ آدَمَ أَوْ مَا يَبْدُو لَهُ فِيهِ‌[3] وَ يَجْعَلَهَا فِي الرَّحِمِ حَرَّكَ الرَّجُلَ لِلْجِمَاعِ وَ أَوْحَى إِلَى الرَّحِمِ‌[4] أَنِ افْتَحِي بَابَكِ حَتَّى يَلِجَ فِيكِ- خَلْقِي وَ قَضَائِيَ النَّافِذُ وَ قَدَرِي فَتَفْتَحُ الرَّحِمُ بَابَهَا فَتَصِلُ النُّطْفَةُ إِلَى الرَّحِمِ فَتَرَدَّدُ

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘When Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, wants to create the seed which has formed the covenant when taken from the back of Adam or what appears to Him, (due to al-Bada’ ) He places it in the womb and moves the man to go to bed with the woman (his wife). He inspires the womb to open its

قَالَ لِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع مَا تُكَنَّى قَالَ قُلْتُ مَا اكْتَنَيْتُ بَعْدُ وَ مَا لِي مِنْ وَلَدٍ وَ لَا امْرَأَةٍ وَ لَا جَارِيَةٍ قَالَ فَمَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ حَدِيثٌ‌ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع قَالَ وَ مَا هُوَ قُلْتُ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ مَنِ اكْتَنَى وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ فَهُوَ أَبُو جَعْرٍ[1] فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع شَوْهٌ‌[2] لَيْسَ هَذَا مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ ع إِنَّا لَن

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once asked me, ‘What is your Kunyah (father of so and so or son of so and so)?’ I replied, ‘I have no Kunyah yet; I have no son or wife or daughter.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What keeps you from having one?’ I replied, ‘It is a Hadith which is narrated from Ali (a.s.). ’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is i

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ أَطْعِمُوا حَبَالاكُمُ اللُّبَانَ فَإِنَّ الصَّبِيَّ إِذَا غُذِّيَ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ بِاللُّبَانِ اشْتَدَّ قَلْبُهُ وَ زِيدَ فِي عَقْلِهِ فَإِنْ يَكُ ذَكَراً كَانَ شُجَاعاً وَ إِنْ وُلِدَتْ أُنْثَى عَظُمَتْ عَجِيزَتُهَا فَتَحْظَى بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَ زَوْجِهَا[1].

“The Messenger of Allah (s.w) has said, ‘Feed your women, during their pregnancy, frankincense; if a child receives frankincense for nourishment in the mother’s womb it strengthens the heart of the child and increases the reasoning power of the child. If the child is a male he grows up brave and if the child is female

أَطْعِمُوا حَبَالاكُمْ ذَكَرَ اللُّبَانِ فَإِنْ يَكُ فِي بَطْنِهَا غُلَامٌ خَرَجَ ذَكِيَّ الْقَلْبِ عَالِماً شُجَاعاً وَ إِنْ تَكُ جَارِيَةٌ حَسُنَ خَلْقُهَا وَ خُلُقُهَا وَ عَظُمَتْ عَجِيزَتُهَا وَ حَظِيَتْ عِنْدَ زَوْجِهَا.

“Al-Rida’ (a.s.), has stated this Hadith. ‘You should feed male frankincense to your pregnant women; if the child in her womb is a male he will grow up of intelligent heart, learned and brave; and if the child is female she will grow up of good moral behavior (beautiful) and of large posterior which will be favorable t

كَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ طَيْبَةَ تَخْفِضُ الْجَوَارِيَ فَدَعَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ لَهَا يَا أُمَّ طَيْبَةَ إِذَا أَنْتِ خَفَضْتِ امْرَأَةً فَأَشِمِّي وَ لَا تُجْحِفِي فَإِنَّهُ أَصْفَى لِلَّوْنِ وَ أَحْظَى عِنْدَ الْبَعْلِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that there was a woman called ‘Umm Taybah and she lowered girls. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, called her and said, ‘O ’Umm Taybah, when you lower a woman make it (as little as) a scratch but do not

لَمَّا هَاجَرْنَ النِّسَاءُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص هَاجَرَتْ فِيهِنَّ امْرَأَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا أُمُّ حَبِيبٍ وَ كَانَتْ خَافِضَةً تَخْفِضُ الْجَوَارِيَ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ لَهَا يَا أُمَّ حَبِيبٍ الْعَمَلُ الَّذِي كَانَ فِي يَدِكِ هُوَ فِي يَدِكِ الْيَوْمَ قَالَتْ نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ حَرَاماً فَتَنْهَانِي عَنْهُ قَالَ لَا بَلْ حَلَالٌ فَادْنِي مِنِّي حَتَّى أُعَلِّمَكِ ق

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that when women migrated to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, among them was a woman called ‘Umm Habib who lowered girls. When the Messenger of Allah saw her, he (the Messenger of Allah) asked her, ‘O ‘

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا وَ إِذَا وَضَعَتْهُ أَعْطَاهَا أَجْرَهَا وَ لَا يُضَارَّهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَجِدَ مَنْ هُوَ أَرْخَصُ أَجْراً مِنْهَا فَإِنْ هِيَ رَضِيَتْ بِذَلِكَ الْأَجْرِ فَهِيَ أَحَقُّ بِابْنِهَا حَتَّى تَفْطِمَهُ.

‘When a man divorces his wife, who is pregnant, he must provide her maintenance until she gives birth. When she gives birth he must pay her wages and must not harm her unless he finds someone who does it for less; but if she agrees with the lesser wages then she has more right to breastfeeding her child until the child

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَدٌ أَيُّهُمَا أَحَقُّ بِالْوَلَدِ قَالَ الْمَرْأَةُ أَحَقُّ بِالْوَلَدِ مَا لَمْ تَتَزَوَّجْ.

“Once, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who divorces his wife. They have a child, which one of them has more right for the child? He (the Imam) said, ‘The woman has more right as long as she does not marry.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ نَكَحَتْ عَبْداً فَأَوْلَدَهَا أَوْلَاداً ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا فَلَمْ تُقِمْ مَعَ وُلْدِهَا وَ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الْعَبْدَ أَنَّهَا تَزَوَّجَتْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ وُلْدَهُ مِنْهَا وَ قَالَ أَنَا أَحَقُّ بِهِمْ‌ مِنْكِ إِنْ تَزَوَّجْتِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لِلْعَبْدِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا وُلْدَهَا وَ إِنْ تَزَوَّجَتْ حَتَّى يُعْتَقَ هِيَ أَحَقُّ بِوُلْ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a free woman who has married a slave who has given birth to several children. She is then divorced and then does not stay with her children but marries another man. The slave then finds out about her marriage. He wants to take his children from her saying that he h

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا مَغْمُومٌ مَكْرُوبٌ فَقَالَ لِي يَا سَكُونِيُّ مِمَّا غَمُّكَ قُلْتُ وُلِدَتْ لِي ابْنَةٌ فَقَالَ يَا سَكُونِيُّ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ ثِقْلُهَا وَ عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُهَا تَعِيشُ فِي غَيْرِ أَجَلِكَ-[3] وَ تَأْكُلُ مِنْ غَيْرِ رِزْقِكَ فَسَرَّى وَ اللَّهِ عَنِّي‌[1] فَقَالَ لِي مَا سَمَّيْتَهَا قُلْتُ فَاطِمَةَ قَالَ آهِ آهِ‌[2] ثُمَّ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ فَقَالَ قَ

“I once went to visit Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), who found me sad and depressed. He (the Imam) then asked, ‘O Sakuni, what has made you so depressed?’ I replied, ‘Aminah (a daughter) is born to me.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘O Sakuni, the earth carries her weight and Allah grants her sustenance. She lives in a lifetime which is

مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِرَجُلٍ فَقَالَ مَا فَعَلْتَ امْرَأَتَكَ قَالَ طَلَّقْتُهَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ قَالَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ تَزَوَّجَ فَمَرَّ بِهِ النَّبِيُّ ص فَقَالَ تَزَوَّجْتَ قَالَ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَا فَعَلْتَ امْرَأَتَكَ قَالَ طَلَّقْتُهَا قَالَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ قَالَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ تَزَوَّجَ فَمَرَّ بِهِ ال

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that once the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, passed by a man and asked, ’How is your wife doing?’ He said, ‘I have divorced her, O Messenger of Allah.’ He (the Messenger of Allah) asked, ‘Did you do it witho

مَا مِنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ مِمَّا أَحَلَّهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَبْغَضَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الطَّلَاقِ وَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُبْغِضُ الْمِطْلَاقَ الذَّوَّاقَ‌[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Of whatever Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has made lawful nothing is more hateful to Him than divorce. Allah hates those who divorce very often in a hasty manner (like an epicure who keeps tasting this and that food).”’

إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُحِبُّ الْبَيْتَ الَّذِي فِيهِ الْعُرْسُ وَ يُبْغِضُ الْبَيْتَ الَّذِي فِيهِ الطَّلَاقُ وَ مَا مِنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ أَبْغَضَ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنَ الطَّلَاقِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, loves the house in which there is a wedding and He hates the house where divorce takes place. There is nothing more hateful to Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, than divorce.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبِي ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُبْغِضُ كُلَّ مِطْلَاقٍ ذَوَّاقٍ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘Allah hates those who divorce very often in big haste (like an epicure who keeps tasting this and that food).”’

بَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ ص أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُطَلِّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ طَلَاقَ أُمِّ أَيُّوبَ لَحُوبٌ‌[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Holy Prophet, was informed about abu Ayyub’s divorcing his wife. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, then said, ‘Divorcing ‘Umm (mother of) Ayyub is a sin."

لَهُ بَعْضُ مَوَالِيهِ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لِمَ طَلَّقْتَهَا فَقَالَ إِنِّي ذَكَرْتُ عَلِيّاً ع فَتَنَقَّصَتْهُ فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُلْصِقَ جَمْرَةً مِنْ جَمْرِ جَهَنَّمَ بِجِلْدِي.

‘I mentioned Ali (a.s.), before her and she belittled him (the Imam). I did not like touching a piece of charcoal from the charcoals of hell with my skin.'"

كَانَتْ عِنْدِي امْرَأَةٌ تَصِفُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ وَ كَانَ أَبُوهَا كَذَلِكَ وَ كَانَتْ سَيِّئَةَ الْخُلُقِ فَكُنْتُ أَكْرَهُ طَلَاقَهَا لِمَعْرِفَتِي بِإِيمَانِهَا وَ إِيمَانِ أَبِيهَا فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع وَ أَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ طَلَاقِهَا فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ لِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةً فَتَأْذَنُ لِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ ائْتِنِي غَداً صَلَاةَ الظُّهْرِ قَالَ فَلَمَّا صَل

“I had a wife who believed (in the divine authority of ‘ A’immah ) and so also was her father, but she had very bad moral behaviors and I did not like to divorce her because of her belief and the belief of her father. I met abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), and I wanted to ask him (the Imam) if divorcing her is proper saying

دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ يَعْنِي أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع وَ أَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَشْكُوَ إِلَيْهِ مَا أَلْقَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِي‌ مِنْ سُوءِ خُلُقِهَا فَابْتَدَأَنِي فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَبِي كَانَ زَوَّجَنِي مَرَّةً امْرَأَةً سَيِّئَةَ الْخُلُقِ فَشَكَوْتُ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لِي مَا يَمْنَعُكَ مِنْ فِرَاقِهَا قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْكَ فَقُلْتُ فِيمَا بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ نَفْسِي قَدْ فَرَّجْتَ عَنِّي.

“I once went to see him, abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), and complain before him against my wife because of her bad moral behaviors. He (the Imam) initiating to speak to me said, ‘One time my father arranged for me the marriage to a woman who had very bad moral behaviors and I complained before him against her. He said, ‘W

إِنَّ عَلِيّاً قَالَ وَ هُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ لَا تُزَوِّجُوا الْحَسَنَ فَإِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ مِطْلَاقٌ فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَمْدَانَ فَقَالَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ لَنُزَوِّجَنَّهُ وَ هُوَ ابْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ ابْنُ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ طَلَّقَ.

‘Do not give in marriage to al-Hassan because he is a man who divorces very often.’ A man from Hamadan stood up and said, ‘Yes, we will give to him in marriage, by Allah, because he is the grandson of the Messenger of Allah (s.w) and the son of ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.). He may keep if he likes or divorce if he so wills

إِنَّ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ ع طَلَّقَ خَمْسِينَ امْرَأَةً فَقَامَ عَلِيٌّ ع بِالْكُوفَةِ فَقَالَ يَا مَعَاشِرَ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ لَا تُنْكِحُوا الْحَسَنَ فَإِنَّهُ رَجُلٌ مِطْلَاقٌ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ لَنُنْكِحَنَّهُ فَإِنَّهُ ابْنُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ ابْنُ فَاطِمَةَ ع فَإِنْ أَعْجَبَتْهُ أَمْسَكَ وَ إِنْ كَرِهَ طَلَّقَ‌[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Al-Hassan ibn Ali (a.s.), divorced fifty women. Ali (a.s.), stood in al-Kufa and said, ‘O people of al-Kufa do not give in marriage to al-Hassan because he divorces very often.’ A man stood up and said, ‘Yes, we will give to him in marriage, by Allah, because he is the grandson of the

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ ثَلَاثَةٌ تُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ دَعْوَتُهُمْ أَحَدُهُمْ رَجُلٌ يَدْعُو عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ وَ هُوَ لَهَا ظَالِمٌ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ أَ لَمْ نَجْعَلْ أَمْرَهَا بِيَدِكَ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘The prayers of three kinds of people are returned to them without a favorable answer. One of such people is one who prays against his wife to whom he is unjust and it is said to him, ‘Have we not given you the authority to divorce her?”’

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ لَا يَصْلُحُ النَّاسُ‌[2] فِي الطَّلَاقِ إِلَّا بِالسَّيْفِ- وَ لَوْ وَلِيتُهُمْ لَرَدَدْتُهُمْ فِيهِ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ. - قَالَ وَ حَدَّثَنِي بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ الْمِيثَمِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ عَنْ بَعْضِ رِجَالِهِ أَوْهَمَهُ الْمِيثَمِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌[1].

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حَائِضٌ قَالَ الطَّلَاقُ عَلَى غَيْرِ السُّنَّةِ بَاطِلٌ قُلْتُ فَالرَّجُلُ يُطَلِّقُ ثَلَاثاً فِي مَقْعَدٍ قَالَ يُرَدُّ إِلَى السُّنَّةِ.

‘A divorce which is not according to Sunnah is invalid.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if a man divorces his wife three times in one place and time?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It must be returned to Sunnah.’”

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ مَنْ طَلَّقَ ثَلَاثاً فِي مَجْلِسٍ عَلَى غَيْرِ طُهْرٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَيْئاً إِنَّمَا الطَّلَاقُ الَّذِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِ فَمَنْ خَالَفَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ طَلَاقٌ وَ إِنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثاً فِي مَجْلِسٍ وَ هِيَ حَائِضٌ فَأَمَرَهُ النَّبِيُّ ص أَنْ يَنْكِحَهَا وَ لَا يَعْتَدَّ بِالطَّلَاقِ قَالَ وَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَقَالَ يَا أَ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If one divorces his wife in one place and time three times when she is experiencing Hayd (menses) such divorce does not have any valid effect. A valid divorce is that which Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has commanded. Whoever does otherwise it is not a divorce. Ibn ’Umar divorced h

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ طَلَّقَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثاً وَ هِيَ حَائِضٌ فَسَأَلَ عُمَرُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا طَلَّقَهَا وَاحِدَةً وَ هِيَ حَائِضٌ‌[2] فَقَالَ فَلِأَيِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا كَانَ هُوَ أَمْلَكَ بِرَجْعَتِهَا كَذَبُوا وَ لَكِنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثاً فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يُرَاج

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), state this Hadith. ‘Ibn ‘Umar divorced his wife three times at the same place and time when she experienced Hayd (menses). He asked the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and he commanded him to go back

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي طُهْرٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ جِمَاعٍ ثُمَّ يُرَاجِعُهَا مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ثُمَّ يُطَلِّقُهَا تَبِينُ مِنْهُ بِثَلَاثِ تَطْلِيقَاتٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَقَالَ خَالَفَ السُّنَّةَ قُلْتُ فَلَيْسَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ إِذَا هُوَ رَاجَعَهَا أَنْ يُطَلِّقَهَا إِلَّا فِي طُهْرٍ آخَرَ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ حَتَّى يُجَامِعَ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan, (Musa) (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife in a menses-free period during which he has not gone to bed with her. He then goes back to her on the same day, then divorces her: if it becomes irrevocable with three divorces during one menses-free period. He (the Imam) said, ‘H

مَنْ طَلَّقَ بِغَيْرِ شُهُودٍ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ.

‘If one divorces his wife without witnesses it does not become of any valid effect.’”

قَدِمَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِالْكُوفَةِ فَقَالَ إِنِّي طَلَّقْتُ امْرَأَتِي بَعْدَ مَا طَهُرَتْ مِنْ مَحِيضِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ أُجَامِعَهَا فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَشْهَدْتَ رَجُلَيْنِ ذَوَيْ عَدْلٍ كَمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَالَ لَا فَقَالَ اذْهَبْ فَإِنَّ طَلَاقَكَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ.

‘I have divorced my wife after she became clean from her Hayd (menses) and before I went to bed with her.’ ’Amir al- Mu’minin asked, ‘Did you ask two just men to witness as Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has commanded to do?’ He replied, ‘No, I did not do so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Your divorce in not valid.’”

مَنْ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثاً فِي مَجْلِسٍ وَ هِيَ حَائِضٌ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ وَ قَدْ رَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص طَلَاقَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ إِذَا طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ ثَلَاثاً وَ هِيَ حَائِضٌ فَأَبْطَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص ذَلِكَ الطَّلَاقَ- وَ قَالَ كُلُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ خَالَفَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ قَالَ لَا طَلَاقَ إِلَّا فِي عِدَّةٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one divorces his wife three times at the same place and time it does not become of any valid effect. The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, rejected the divorce of ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar when he divorced

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنِّي سَأَلْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ طَلَاقِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ طَلَّقَهَا وَ هِيَ طَامِثٌ وَاحِدَةً قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَ فَلَا قُلْتُمْ لَهُ إِذَا طَلَّقَهَا وَاحِدَةً وَ هِيَ طَامِثاً كَانَتْ أَوْ غَيْرَ طَامِثٍ فَهُوَ أَمْلَكُ بِرَجْعَتِهَا قَالَ قَدْ قُلْتُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَذَبَ عَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ بَلْ طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثاً فَرَدّ

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘I asked ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd about the divorce of ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Umar and he said, “He divorced her once when she experienced Hayd (menses).”’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘Why did you not say to him, “If he divorced her once during her experiencing Hayd (menses) or when she did not