Parents

لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ.

“About the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband and both parents, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The share of the husband is one-half, the share of mother is one-third and the remaining belongs to the father.’”

أَنَّ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع أَقْرَأَهُ صَحِيفَةَ الْفَرَائِضِ الَّتِي أَمْلَاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ خَطَّ عَلِيٌّ ع بِيَدِهِ فَقَرَأْتُ فِيهَا امْرَأَةٌ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأُمِّ سَهْمَانِ الثُّلُثُ تَامّاً وَ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once made me (Muhammad ibn Muslim) to read the book of ordained shares which was dictated by the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, to Ali (a.s.), who wrote it with his own hand. I read in it about the case of a woman wh

قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنَّ أُنَاساً قَدْ حَدَّثُونِي عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع بِأَشْيَاءَ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ فَأَعْرِضُهَا عَلَيْكَ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْهَا بَاطِلًا فَقُلْ هَذَا بَاطِلٌ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا حَقّاً فَقُلْ هَذَا حَقٌّ وَ لَا تَرْوِيهِ وَ اسْكُتْ فَحَدَّثْتُهُ بِمَا حَدَّثَنِي بِهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ فِي الزَّوْجِ وَ الْأَبَوَيْنِ قَالَ وَ اللَّهِ هُوَ الْحَقُّ.

“I once said to Zurarah that certain people narrated to me from abu Ja‘far and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about certain things of ordained shares. I like to show them to you so you can tell me what is right and what is false; and about what is right, say that it is right but do not narrate and remain quiet, and

هِيَ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ. " قَالَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَسْأَلَةِ وَ مِنَ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا لَمْ يَقُولُوا فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ وَ إِنَّمَا قَالُوا لِلْأُمِّ ثُلُثُ‌ مَا بَقِيَ وَ ثُلُثُ مَا بَقِيَ ه

“About the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband, her mother and father, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is distributed from six shares, one-half, three shares for the husband, one-third, two shares for the mother and one-sixth is for the father.’ “Al-Fadl ibn Shadhan in this issue has said, ‘Of the proof

إِذَا تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ أَوْ أُمَّهُ أَوِ ابْنَهُ أَوِ ابْنَتَهُ إِذَا تَرَكَ وَاحِداً مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ فَلَيْسَ هُمُ الَّذِينَ عَنَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلالَةِ[2].

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ’If a deceased leaves behind his father and mother or his son or his daughter, if one of these four people is left behind, they are not of those about whom Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, “Say, Allah gives you a fatwa about Kalalah (burdensome people).’””

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْكَلَالَةِ فَقَالَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَالِدٌ.

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about Kalalah. He (the Imam) said, ‘One who is not a son or a father.’”

الْكَلَالَةُ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَالِدٌ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Kalalah (burdensome people) is one who is not a son or a father.’”

وَقَعَ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي عَمِّي مُنَازَعَةٌ فِي مِيرَاثٍ فَأَشَرْتُ عَلَيْهِمَا بِالْكِتَابِ إِلَيْهِ‌[1] فِي ذَلِكَ لِيَصْدُرَا عَنْ رَأْيِهِ فَكَتَبَا إِلَيْهِ جَمِيعاً جَعَلَنَا اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي امْرَأَةٍ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ ابْنَتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا وَ أُمِّهَا وَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنْ رَأَيْتَ أَنْ تُجِيبَنَا بِمُرِّ الْحَقِّ فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمَا كِتَابٌ‌ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ

‘We pray to Allah to keep our souls in service for your cause, what do you say about the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband and her daughter from her father and mother?’ I said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, if you consider it proper answer us with the bitter truth.’ A letter ca

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَقُلْتُ فَإِنَّا قَدِ احْتَجْنَا إِلَى هَذَا وَ الْمَيِّتُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّاسِ وَ أُخْتُهُ مُؤْمِنَةٌ عَارِفَةٌ قَالَ فَخُذِ النِّصْفَ لَهَا خُذُوا مِنْهُمْ كَمَا يَأْخُذُونَ مِنْكُمْ‌[2] فِي سُنَّتِهِمْ وَ قَضَايَاهُمْ قَالَ اب

“Zurarah has said that al-‘Ammah (non-Shi‘ah) in their rules, decisions and ordained shares say something on consensus which is authoritative and binding upon them. In the case of a deceased who leaves behind his daughter or two daughters and his brother from his father and mother or his sister from his father and moth

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع امْرَأَةٌ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا وَ أَخَوَاتِهَا لِأَبِيهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ بَقِيَ سَهْمٌ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ لِأَنَّ السِّهَامَ لَا تَعُولُ وَ لَا يُنْقَصُ الزَّوْجُ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a woman who has left behind her husband, brothers from her mother and brothers and sisters from her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘The share of husband is one-half, three shares, the share of brothers from her mother is one-third, male and female receive equal shares

جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ أُخْتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ فَإِنَّ فَرَائِضَ زَيْدٍ وَ فَرَائِضَ الْعَامَّةِ وَ الْقُضَاةِ عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُونَ لِلْأُخْتِ

“Once a man came to abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam, and asked about a woman who has died and left behind her husband, brothers from her mother and her sister from her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘The share of the husband is one-half, three shares, brothers from her mother receive one-third, two shares and the sister from

قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي امْرَأَةٍ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبِيهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِإِخْوَتِهَا لِأُمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ بَقِيَ سَهْمٌ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ لِأَنَّ السِّهَامَ لَا تَعُولُ وَ إِنَّ الزَّوْج

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a woman who has left behind her husband, brothers from her mother and brothers and sisters from her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘The share of the husband is one-half, three shares, the share of brothers from her mother is one-third which is two shares; male and female

قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنَّ بُكَيْراً حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ يُزَادُونَ وَ يُنْقَصُونَ لِأَنَّهُنَّ لَا يَكُنَّ أَكْثَرَ نَصِيباً مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ لَوْ كَانُوا مَكَانَهُنَ‌[2] لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَها نِصْفُ ما تَرَكَ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُها

“I once said to Zurarah that ibn Bukayr has narrated to me from abu Ja‘far (a.s.), that the shares of brothers from the father and sisters from father and mother increase and decrease. It is because their shares are not greater than the share of brothers and sisters from father and mother if they were in their place. A

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِابْنَتِهِ. قَالَ الْفَضْلُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ لِلْأُخْتِ فَرِيضَةً إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ فَقَالَ- إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَ لَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَها نِصْفُ ما تَرَكَ‌ فَإِذَا كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَلَيْسَ لَهَا شَيْ‌ءٌ فَمَنْ أَعْطَاهَا فَقَدْ خَالَفَ اللَّهَ وَ رَسُولَهُ وَ كَذَلِ

إِنَّ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ يَصِيرُ مِثْلَ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ مَا بَلَغُوا قَالَ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ أَوْ قُلْتُ تَرَكَ جَدَّهُ وَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ إِنْ كَانَا أَخَوَيْنِ أَوْ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ فَلَهُ مِثْلُ نَصِيبِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ قَالَ قُلْتُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ جَدَّهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ فَقَالَ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَ

“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘ Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘The grandfather with brothers from the father’s side become like one of the brothers regardless of how many they are.’ He (the narrator) has said that I asked, ‘A man has left his brother from his mother and father and his grandfather’

الْإِخْوَةُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ يَعْنِي أَبَا الْأَبِ يُقَاسِمُ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأَبِ يَكُونُ الْجَدُّ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الذُّكُورِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The grandfather, that is, the father of the father distributes the legacy with brothers from both parents and brothers from the father. The grandfather is like one of them, of the male ones.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ وَ لَوْ كَانَا أَخَوَيْنِ أَوْ مِائَةً كَانَ الْجَدُّ مَعَهُمْ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ لِلْجَدِّ مَا يُصِيبُ وَاحِداً مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ قَالَ وَ إِنْ تَرَكَ أُخْتَهُ فَلِلْجَدِّ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ سَهْمٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَتَا أُخْتَيْنِ فَلِلْجَدِّ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُخْتَيْنِ النِّصْفُ قَالَ وَ إ

8. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Muhammad ibn Yahya from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri’ab from Zurarah who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who leaves behind his brother from his father and mother

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَخٌ لِأَبٍ وَ جَدٌّ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءً.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a brother from a father and grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy between them is distributed in equal shares.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأُمِّهِ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَارِثاً غَيْرَهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ جَدٌّ قَالَ يُعْطَى الْأَخُ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسَ وَ يُعْطَى الْجَدُّ الْبَاقِيَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَخُ لِأَبٍ وَ جَدٌّ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءً[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who leaves behind his brother from his mother. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has not left other heirs besides him the legacy belongs to him.’ I then asked about a brother from a mother with a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘One-sixth must be given to the broth

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ قَالَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَرِيضَتُهُمُ الثُّلُثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of brothers from one’s mother, with a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The share of brothers from one’s mother with a grandfather is one- third.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ إِخْوَةً وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأُمٍّ وَ جَدّاً قَالَ فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَخِ مِنَ الْأَبِ لَهُ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ فَهُمْ فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ سَوَاءً.

3. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn Mahbub from Husayn ibn ‘Umarah from Misma‘ abu Sayyar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who dies and lea

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَعْطِ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَرِيضَتَهُنَّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Two shares belong to the sisters from one’s mother if a grandfather is with them.’”

لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ نَصِيبُهُمُ الثُّلُثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ[1].

“About the case of brothers from one’s mother with a grandfather, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The share of brothers from one’s mother is one-third if a grandfather is with them.’”

لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَرِيضَتُهُمُ الثُّلُثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ.

About the case of a man who leaves behind brothers from his mother with a grandfather, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The ordained shares of brothers from one’s mother is one-third if a grandfather is with them.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مَعَ الْجَدِّ فَقَالَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ فَرِيضَتُهُمُ الثُّلُثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of brothers from one’s mother with a grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The ordained share of brothers from one’s mother is one-third if a grandfather is with them.’”

نَشَرَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع صَحِيفَةً فَأَوَّلُ مَا تَلَقَّانِي فِيهَا ابْنُ أَخٍ وَ جَدٌّ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ‌[2] فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ الْقُضَاةَ عِنْدَنَا لَا يَقْضُونَ لِابْنِ الْأَخِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ خَطُّ عَلِيٍّ ع وَ إِمْلَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from abu Ayyub from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “Once, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), made a book available to the public. I found in it that the son of a brother and a grandfather share a legacy in equal shares. I said, ‘I pray to All

إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يُوَرِّثُ ابْنَ الْأَخِ‌[1] مَعَ الْجَدِّ مِيرَاثَ أَبِيهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), would make the son of a brother to inherit the share of his father with a grandfather.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ مُمْلَكَةٍ[5] لَمْ‌ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ أُمَّهَا وَ أَخَوَيْنِ لَهَا مِنْ أَبِيهَا وَ أُمِّهَا وَ جَدَّهَا أَبَا أُمِّهَا وَ زَوْجَهَا قَالَ يُعْطَى الزَّوْجُ النِّصْفَ وَ تُعْطَى الْأُمُّ الْبَاقِيَ وَ لَا يُعْطَى الْجَدُّ شَيْئاً لِأَنَّ ابْنَتَهُ حَجَبَتْهُ عَنِ الْمِيرَاثِ وَ لَا يُعْطَى الْإِخْوَةُ شَيْئاً.

8. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad and a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad all from ibn Mahbub from al-Hassan ibn Salih who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a woman who is married, but before going to bed with her

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌[1] عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَبَاهُ وَ عَمَّهُ وَ جَدَّهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ حَجَبَ الْأَبُ الْجَدَّ الْمِيرَاثُ لِلْأَبِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْعَمِّ وَ لَا لِلْجَدِّ شَيْ‌ءٌ.

9. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his father, his uncle and grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘The father bars

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع امْرَأَةٌ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا أَوْ جَدَّهَا أَوْ جَدَّتَهَا كَيْفَ يُقْسَمُ مِيرَاثُهَا فَوَقَّعَ ع لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبَوَيْنِ وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ أَيْضاً أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّ وَ الْجَدَّةَ السُّدُسَ.

10. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith and Ali ibn ‘Abd Allah all from Ibrahim from ‘Abd Allah ibn Ja‘far who has narrated the following: “I once wrote to abu Muhammad, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, and asked that a woman has died leaving behind her husband, her parents or her grandfather or her grandmother; h

أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الْأَبِ السُّدُسَ وَ ابْنُهَا حَيٌّ وَ أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الْأُمِّ السُّدُسَ وَ ابْنَتُهَا حَيَّةٌ.

Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, provided for the grandmother, mother of the father, one-sixth when his son was alive and provided for the grandmother, mother of the mother, one-sixth when her daug

دَخَلْتُ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ عِنْدَهُ أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ فَقُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ إِنَّ ابْنَتِي هَلَكَتْ وَ أُمِّي حَيَّةٌ فَقَالَ أَبَانٌ لَيْسَ لِأُمِّكَ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ أَعْطِهَا السُّدُسَ.

“I once visited abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), when Aban ibn Taghlib was with him (the Imam) and I said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, my daughter has died and my mother is alive.’ Aban said, ‘There is nothing for your mother.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said, ‘Allah is free of all defects, give her one-sixth.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنَ الْفَرَائِضِ فَقَالَ لِي أَ لَا أُخْرِجُ لَكَ كِتَابَ عَلِيٍّ ع فَقُلْتُ كِتَابُ عَلِيٍّ ع لَمْ يَدْرُسْ فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ إِنَّ كِتَابَ عَلِيٍّ ع لَمْ يَدْرُسْ فَأَخْرَجَهُ فَإِذَا كِتَابٌ جَلِيلٌ وَ إِذَا فِيهِ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ عَمَّهُ وَ خَالَهُ قَالَ لِلْعَمِّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِلْخَالِ الثُّلُثُ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about certain issues of ordained shares of inheritance. He (the Imam) said, ’Do you like if I show you the book of Ali (a.s.) ?’ I said, ‘But the book of Ali (a.s.), is no longer studied.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘O abu Muhammad, how can you say that the book of Ali (a.s.), is no longe

الْخَالُ وَ الْخَالَةُ يَرِثَانِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمَا أَحَدٌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- وَ أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى‌ بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ‌[1].

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The maternal uncle and maternal aunt inherit if there are no other heirs. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘. . . relatives have priorities over other relatives according to the book of Allah.’(33:6)”

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ الْخَالُ وَ الْخَالَةُ يَرِثَانِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمَا أَحَدٌ يَرِثُ غَيْرُهُمَا إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ- وَ أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى‌ بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ‌.

“I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘Maternal uncle and maternal aunt inherit if there are no other heirs with them. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘. . . relatives have priorities over other relatives according to the book of Allah.’ (33:6)”

الثُّلُثُ وَ الثُّلُثَانِ يَعْنِي لِلْعَمَّةِ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِلْخَالَةِ الثُّلُثُ. - حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْمُثَنَّى عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ مِثْلَهُ.

“About the case of the paternal aunt and maternal aunt, abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘It is one-third and two-thirds; two-thirds for the paternal aunt and one-third for the maternal aunt.’” Humayd ibn Ziyad, from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad, from al-Muthanna’, from Aban, from abu Maryam, from abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has narrated

لِلْعَمَّةِ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِلْخَالَةِ الثُّلُثُ.

About the case of a man who has left behind his paternal aunt and maternal aunt, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The paternal aunt receives two-thirds and the maternal aunt receives one- third.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ خَالَهُ وَ خَالَتَهُ وَ عَمَّهُ وَ عَمَّتَهُ وَ ابْنَهُ وَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أَخَاهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ فَقَالَ كُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ يَرِثُونَ‌[1] وَ يَحُوزُونَ فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَتِ الْعَمَّةُ وَ الْخَالَةُ فَلِلْعَمَّةِ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِلْخَالَةِ الثُّلُثُ.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad from Hariz from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind a maternal uncle, maternal aunt, paternal uncle, paternal aunt, his son, his daughter, his br

أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى‌ بِبَعْضٍ‌ الْمَالُ بَيْنَ الْخَالَتَيْنِ

“About the case of a man who dies leaving behind his two maternal aunts and relatives, abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘Relatives have priorities over each other. The legacy belongs to the two maternal aunts.”’

مِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع‌ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تَرِثُ مِنْ تَرِكَةِ زَوْجِهَا مِنْ تُرْبَةِ دَارٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقَوَّمَ الطُّوبُ‌[3] وَ الْخَشَبُ قِيمَةً فَتُعْطَى رُبُعَهَا أَوْ ثُمُنَهَا إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ مِنْ قِيمَةِ الطُّوبِ وَ الْجُذُوعِ وَ الْخَشَبِ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah, Bukayr, Fudayl, Burayd and Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu Ja‘far and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, and certain ones of them has narrated from abu ‘ Abd Allah, and others have narrated who has narrated the following:

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ غُلَامٍ وَ جَارِيَةٍ زَوَّجَهُمَا وَلِيَّانِ لَهُمَا وَ هُمَا غَيْرُ مُدْرِكَيْنِ قَالَ فَقَالَ النِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ وَ أَيُّهُمَا أَدْرَكَ كَانَ لَهُ الْخِيَارُ فَإِنْ مَاتَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَا فَلَا مِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَا مَهْرَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَا قَدْ أَدْرَكَا وَ رَضِيَا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَدْرَكَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَبْلَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ هُوَ رَضِيَ قُلْتُ

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a boy and a girl who are not mature and whose guardians arrange their marriage. He (the Imam) said, ‘Their marriage is permissible and whoever of the two becomes mature has the right to choose the marriage or not. If they die before maturity there is no inheritance bet

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ يُزَوَّجُ الصَّبِيَّةَ هَلْ يَتَوَارَثَانِ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ أَبَوَاهُمَا [هُمَا] اللَّذَانِ زَوَّجَاهُمَا فَنَعَمْ قُلْتُ أَ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْأَبِ قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a child who marries a female child; if they inherit each other. He (the Imam) said, ‘If their fathers are the ones who have arranged their marriage then they inherit.’ I then asked, ‘Is their divorce by father permissible?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permis

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي خَالَةٍ جَاءَتْ تُخَاصِمُ فِي مَوْلَى رَجُلٍ مَاتَ فَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ- وَ أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ‌ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى‌ بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ‌ فَدَفَعَ الْمِيرَاثَ إِلَى الْخَالَةِ وَ لَمْ يُعْطِ الْمَوْلَى.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that ’ Amir al-Mu’minin, issued a judgment in the case of a maternal aunt who disputed against a Mawla’ (master) of a man who had died. He read this verse, . the relatives have priority over each other according to the book of Allah.’ (33:6) He (the Imam) gave the legacy to the maternal aun

إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمَّا هَزَمَ طَلْحَةَ وَ الزُّبَيْرَ أَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ فَمَرُّوا بِامْرَأَةٍ حَامِلٍ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْهُمْ فَطَرَحَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حَيّاً فَاضْطَرَبَ حَتَّى مَاتَ ثُمَّ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيٌّ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حُبْلَى فَفَزِعَتْ ح

“When Ali (a.s.), defeated Talhah and al-Zubayr, people came defeated and passed by a pregnant woman on the road who was frightened and miscarried her child who was alive but then died. She, because of shock died after the child. Ali (a.s.), and his people passed by where she with her child was left on the road. He (th

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ أُمَّهُ أَ يَرِثُهَا قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي ع يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ ذُو رَحِمٍ قَتَلَ قَرِيبَهُ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has killed his mother; if he can inherit her. He (the Imam) said, ‘I heard my father (a.s.), saying, “Whoever of the relatives kills one of his relatives he cannot inherit from that relative.’””

لَا يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا قَتَلَ وَلَدَهُ أَوْ وَالِدَهُ وَ لَكِنْ يَكُونُ الْمِيرَاثُ لِوَرَثَةِ الْقَاتِلِ.

“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘A man who kills his son or father cannot inherit from him, but the legacy is for the heirs of the killer.’”

لَا يَرِثُهَا وَ يُقْتَلُ بِهَا صَاغِراً وَ لَا أَظُنُّ قَتْلَهُ بِهَا كَفَّارَةً لِذَنْبِهِ.

“About the case of a man who kills his mother, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘He cannot inherit from her. Instead he is executed against his wishes and I do not think that his execution can remedy his sin.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ شَرِبَتْ دَوَاءً وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِذَلِكَ زَوْجُهَا فَأَلْقَتْ وَلَدَهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَظْمٌ وَ قَدْ نَبَتَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّحْمُ عَلَيْهَا دِيَةٌ تُسَلِّمُهَا لِأَبِيهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ حِينَ طَرَحَتْهُ عَلَقَةً أَوْ مُضْغَةً فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَاراً أَوْ غُرَّةً[1] تُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَهِيَ لَا تَرِثُ وَلَدَهَا مِ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a woman who takes medicine when pregnant without informing her husband, and miscarries her child. He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said, ‘If the child had grown bones and flesh then the wergild is due on her which she must pay to the father; but if the mis

لَا يُقْتَلُ الرَّجُلُ بِوَلَدِهِ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ وَ يُقْتَلُ الْوَلَدُ بِوَالِدِهِ إِذَا قَتَلَ وَالِدَهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ خَطَأً[2].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man is not executed because of killing his son but a son is executed because of killing his father; and a man cannot inherit from his father after killing him even if it is by mistake.’”

إِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ قُتِلَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ قَتَلَهُ أَبُوهُ لَمْ يُقْتَلْ بِهِ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ. الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ضَرَبَ ابْنَهُ غَيْرَ مُسْرِفٍ فِي ذَلِكَ يُرِيدُ تَأْدِيبَهُ فَقُتِلَ الِابْنُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الضَّرْبِ وَرِثَهُ الْأَبُ وَ لَمْ تَلْزَمْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِلْأَبِ لِأَنَّهُ مَأْمُورٌ بِتَأْدِيبِ وَلَدِهِ لِأَنَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْإِمَامِ يُقِ

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one kills his father, he is executed for him; but if his father kills him the father is not executed for his son’s murder, however he cannot