Parents

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ ابْنَانِ فَمَاتَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ ذُكُورٌ وَ إِنَاثٌ فَأَوْصَى لَهُمْ جَدُّهُمْ بِسَهْمِ أَبِيهِمْ فَهَذَا السَّهْمُ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ أَمْ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ فَوَقَّعَ ع يُنْفِذُونَ وَصِيَّةَ جَدِّهِمْ كَمَا أَمَرَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ قَالَ وَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ لَهُ وُلْدٌ ذُكُورٌ وَ إِنَاثٌ فَأَقَرَّ لَهُمْ

“I once wrote to abu Muhammad (a.s.), and asked about the case of a man who has two sons. One of them dies, leaving behind male and female children, and the grandfather bequests for them the share of their father, if male and female in this share are equal or if the male has twice the share of the female. He (the Imam)

لِأَعْمَامِهِ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ لِأَخْوَالِهِ الثُّلُثُ.

“This is about the case of a man who bequests one-third of his legacy to his paternal and maternal uncles. Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The paternal uncle receive two-thirds and the maternal uncle receives one-third.’”

رَجُلٌ أَوْصَى إِلَى وُلْدِهِ وَ فِيهِمْ كِبَارٌ قَدْ أَدْرَكُوا وَ فِيهِمْ صِغَارٌ أَ يَجُوزُ لِلْكِبَارِ أَنْ يُنْفِذُوا وَصِيَّتَهُ وَ يَقْضُوا دَيْنَهُ لِمَنْ صَحَّ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ بِشُهُودٍ عُدُولٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَ الْأَوْصِيَاءُ الصِّغَارُ فَوَقَّعَ ع نَعَمْ عَلَى الْأَكَابِرِ مِنَ الْوِلْدَانِ أَنْ يَقْضُوا دَيْنَ أَبِيهِمْ وَ لَا يَحْبِسُوهُ بِذَلِكَ‌[1].

‘The adult children must pay the debts of their father and they must not allow him to remain imprisoned thereby (the debts).”’

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَ لَا أُقْرِئُكَ وَصِيَّةَ فَاطِمَةَ ع قَالَ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَأَخْرَجَ حُقّاً أَوْ سَفَطاً فَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ كِتَاباً فَقَرَأَهُ‌ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ* هَذَا مَا أَوْصَتْ بِهِ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص أَوْصَتْ بِحَوَائِطِهَا السَّبْعَةِ الْعَوَافِ وَ الدَّلَالِ وَ الْبُرْقَةِ وَ الْمِيثَبِ وَ الْحَسْنَى وَ الصَّافِيَةِ وَ مَا لِأُمِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَى

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu Najran from ‘Asem ibn Humayd from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “Once abu Ja’far, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, decided to inform us about an important fact. He (the Imam) said, ‘Do you like if I read the will of Fatimah, ‘Alayha al-Salam, for you?’ I replied

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَ لَا أُقْرِئُكَ وَصِيَّةَ فَاطِمَةَ ع قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَأَخْرَجَ إِلَيَّ صَحِيفَةً هَذَا مَا عَهِدَتْ فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ ص فِي مَالِهَا إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع وَ إِنْ مَاتَ فَإِلَى الْحَسَنِ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ فَإِلَى الْحُسَيْنِ فَإِنْ مَاتَ الْحُسَيْنُ فَإِلَى الْأَكْبَرِ مِنْ وُلْدِي دُونَ وُلْدِكَ- الدَّلَالُ وَ الْعَوَافُ وَ الْمِيثَبُ وَ بُرْقَةُ وَ الْحَسْنَى وَ

6. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthaman from abu Basir who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once said, ‘Do you like if I read the will of Fatimah, ‘Alayha al- Salam ?’ I replied, ‘Yes, I like it.’ He (the Imam

أَنَّ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بِوَصِيَّةِ أَبِيهِ وَ بِصَدَقَتِهِ مَعَ أَبِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ مُصَادِفٍ‌ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ* هَذَا مَا عَهِدَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ هُوَ يَشْهَدُ أَنْ‌ لا إِلهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ‌ وَحْدَهُ‌ لا شَرِيكَ لَهُ‌ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحْيِي وَ يُمِيتُ‌ بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ وَ هُوَ عَلى‌ كُلِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُه

“Abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), sent to him the will of his father with his charity through abu Tsma‘il Musadif. “In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful “This is the will of JaTar ibn Muhammad who testifies that no one deserves worship except Allah alone, who has no partners. To Him belongs the kingdom, to Him

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَمَّا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ بِالثُّلُثِ وَ الرُّبُعِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ أَ شَيْ‌ءٌ صَحِيحٌ مَعْرُوفٌ أَمْ كَيْفَ صَنَعَ أَبُوكَ فَقَالَ الثُّلُثَ ذَلِكَ الْأَمْرُ الَّذِي صَنَعَ أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about what people say concerning the will about one- third or one-fourth at the time of one’s death: if it is lawful and a good thing to do and how his father had done. He (the Imam) said, ‘The one-third is what my father, may Allah grant him kindness, had made the subject of his wil

أَعْتَقَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع مِنْ غِلْمَانِهِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ شِرَارَهُمْ وَ أَمْسَكَ خِيَارَهُمْ فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَتِ تُعْتِقُ هَؤُلَاءِ وَ تُمْسِكُ هَؤُلَاءِ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَصَابُوا مِنِّي ضُرّاً[1] فَيَكُونُ هَذَا بِهَذَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that abu Ja‘far, at the time of his passing away freed the mischievous ones among his slaves and kept the good ones. I asked, ‘Father, do you free these and keep these?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘These were subjected to my disciplining, thus, this is for that.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا يَلْحَقُ الرَّجُلَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَقَالَ سُنَّةٌ سَنَّهَا يُعْمَلُ بِهَا بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَيَكُونُ لَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِ مَنْ عَمِلَ بِهَا مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَنْتَقِصَ مِنْ أُجُورِهِمْ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ الصَّدَقَةُ الْجَارِيَةُ تَجْرِي مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ الْوَلَدُ الصَّالِحُ يَدْعُو لِوَالِدَيْهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِمَا وَ يَحُجُّ وَ يَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْهُمَا وَ يُعْتِقُ وَ يَصُومُ وَ يُصَلِّي عَنْهُم

4. Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Safwan ibn Yahya from Mu‘awiyah ibn ‘Ammar who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about things that follow a deceased after his death. He (the Imam) said, ‘Of the things that follow a deceased after his death is

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ السَّرِيِّ تُوُفِّيَ فَأَوْصَى إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قُلْتُ وَ إِنَّ ابْنَهُ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ وَقَعَ عَلَى أُمِّ وَلَدٍ لَهُ فَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُخْرِجَهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي أَخْرِجْهُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ صَادِقاً فَسَيُصِيبُهُ خَبَلٌ قَالَ فَرَجَعْتُ فَقَدَّمَنِي إِلَى أَبِي يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِي فَقَالَ لَهُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّه

“I once said to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), that Ali ibn al-Sariy has died and has made a will to me. He (the Imam) said, ‘May Allah grant him mercy.’ I then said that his son, Ja‘far ibn Ali, has fallen on a mother of his child. He has instructed me not to allow him receive anything from the legacy. He (the narrator) has sa

دَعَانِي أَبِي حِينَ حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ فَقَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ اقْبِضْ مَالَ إِخْوَتِكَ الصِّغَارِ فَاعْمَلْ بِهِ وَ خُذْ نِصْفَ الرِّبْحِ وَ أَعْطِهِمُ النِّصْفَ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ ضَمَانٌ فَقَدَّمَتْنِي أُمُّ وَلَدٍ لِأَبِي بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ أَبِي إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَقَالَتْ لَهُ إِنَّ هَذَا يَأْكُلُ أَمْوَالَ وَلَدِي قَالَ فَقَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَمَرَنِي بِهِ أَبِي فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى إِنْ كَانَ أَب

“My father called me at the time of his death and said, ‘Son, take the assets of your small brothers and use them in business. Take half of the profit and give them the other half and you will not be held responsible.’ A mother of the child of my father took me, after the death of my father, before ibn abu Layla’ and s

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ أَبِي حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقِيلَ لَهُ أَوْصِ فَقَالَ هَذَا ابْنِي يَعْنِي عُمَرَ فَمَا صَنَعَ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَدْ أَوْصَى أَبُوكَ وَ أَوْجَزَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ أَمَرَ لَكَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَقَالَ أَجْرِهِ قُلْتُ وَ أَوْصَى بِنَسَمَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ عَارِفَةٍ فَلَمَّا أَعْتَقْنَاهُ بَانَ لَنَا أَنَّهُ لِغَيْرِ رِشْدَةٍ[1] فَقَالَ قَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ ع

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), ‘My father was about to die and he was told to make a will.’ He said, ‘This is my son, meaning, ‘Umar. Whatever he does is permissible.’ Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to him, ‘Your father has made a will and has made it concise.’ I said, ‘He has designated for you such and such amou

لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ قَدْ أَذِنَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ هُوَ حَيٌّ.

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who made a will about certain assets for his son and gave him permission at the time of his death to use the assets in business and share the profit. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not harmful because his father gave permission when he was living.’”

لَهُ اشْتَرِ مِنْهَا نَسَمَةً وَ أَعْتِقْهَا عَنِّي وَ حُجَّ عَنِّي بِالْبَاقِي ثُمَّ مَاتَ صَاحِبُ الْأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَانْطَلَقَ الْعَبْدُ فَاشْتَرَى أَبَاهُ فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ وَ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْبَاقِيَ فِي الْحَجِّ عَنِ الْمَيِّتِ فَحَجَّ عَنْهُ فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مَوَالِيَ أَبِيهِ وَ مَوَالِيَهُ وَ وَرَثَةَ الْمَيِّتِ فَاخْتَصَمُوا جَمِيعاً فِي الْأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَقَالَ مَوَالِي الْمُعْتَقِ إِنَّمَا ا

“This is about the case of a people’s slave who has permission for doing business. A man gives him one thousand dirham to buy a slave and set him free on his behalf, perform al-Hajj on his behalf with the remainder of the asset. The owner of one thousand dirham dies and the slave buys his father, sets him free on behal

كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أُعْلِمُهُ أَنَّ إِسْحَاقَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَقَفَ ضَيْعَةً عَلَى الْحَجِّ وَ أُمِّ وَلَدِهِ وَ مَا فَضَلَ عَنْهَا لِلْفُقَرَاءِ وَ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَشْهَدَنِي عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِمَالٍ لِيُفَرَّقَ عَلَى إِخْوَانِنَا وَ أَنَّ فِي بَنِي هَاشِمٍ مَنْ يُعْرَفُ حَقُّهُ يَقُولُ بِقَوْلِنَا مِمَّنْ هُوَ مُحْتَاجٌ فَتَرَى أَنْ أَصْرِفَ ذَلِكَ إِلَيْهِمْ إِذَا كَانَ سَبِيلُهُ س

“I wrote to abu Ja‘far (a.s.), to inform him (the Imam) that Ishaq ibn Ibrahim has endowed his asset for al-Hajj, the mother of his children and the extra for the needy; that Muhammad ibn Ibrahim appointed me as a witness upon himself for a certain amount of funds to be distributed among our brothers (in belief) and in

إِنَّمَا أَدْفَعُهُ إِلَيْكَ لِيَكُونَ ذُخْراً لِابْنَتَيَّ فُلَانَةَ وَ فُلَانَةَ ثُمَّ بَدَا لِلشَّيْخِ بَعْدَ مَا دَفَعَ الْمَالَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةً وَ عِشْرِينَ وَ مِائَةَ دِينَارٍ فَاشْتَرَى بِهَا جَارِيَةً لِابْنِ ابْنِهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الشَّيْخَ هَلَكَ فَوَقَعَ بَيْنَ الْجَارِيَتَيْنِ وَ بَيْنَ الْغُلَامِ أَوْ إِحْدَاهُمَا فَقَالَتَا لَهُ وَيْحَكَ وَ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَتَنْكِحُ جَارِيَتَكَ حَرَاماً إِنّ

“About the case of a man who has given a certain amount of assets to another man saying, ‘I give it to you to save it for my two daughters so and so and so and so.’ The old man later after giving the funds decided to take one hundred twenty-five dinar back to buy a slave-girl for his grandson. The old man then died; an

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَوْلَاداً صِغَاراً وَ تَرَكَ مَمَالِيكَ لَهُ غِلْمَانٌ وَ جَوَارِي وَ لَمْ يُوصِ فَمَا تَرَى فِيمَنْ يَشْتَرِي مِنْهُمُ الْجَارِيَةَ يَتَّخِذُهَا أُمَّ وَلَدٍ وَ مَا تَرَى فِي بَيْعِهِمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُمْ وَلِيٌّ يَقُومُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ بَاعَ عَلَيْهِمْ‌[1] وَ نَظَرَ لَهُمْ كَانَ مَأْجُوراً فِيهِمْ قُلْتُ فَمَا تَرَى فِي

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man with whom I have a relation of kinship, he dies leaving behind small children, slaves and slave-girls but has not made any will. ‘What do you say about buying a slave-girl for a mother of one’s child and what do you say about selling them?’ He (the Imam) said,

ابْنُكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنِ ابْنِ ابْنِكَ وَ ابْنُ ابْنِكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ قَالَ وَ أَخُوكَ لِأَبِيكَ وَ أُمِّكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ لِأَبِيكَ قَالَ وَ أَخُوكَ لِأَبِيكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنْ أَخِيكَ لِأُمِّكَ‌[2] قَالَ وَ ابْنُ أَخِيكَ لِأَبِيكَ وَ أُمِّكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ لِأَبِيكَ قَالَ وَ ابْنُ أَخِيكَ مِنْ أَبِيكَ أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنْ عَمِّكَ قَالَ وَ عَمُّكَ أَخُو أَبِيكَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Your son is more deserving of you than your grandson, and your grandson is more deserving of you than your brother.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Your brother from your both parents is more deserving of you than your brother from your father only. Your brother from your father is more deserving o

جَالَسْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَعَرَضَ ذِكْرُ الْفَرَائِضِ فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ أَ تَرَوْنَ أَنَّ الَّذِي أَحْصَى رَمْلَ عَالِجٍ عَدَداً جَعَلَ فِي مَالٍ‌ نِصْفاً وَ نِصْفاً وَ ثُلُثاً فَهَذَانِ النِّصْفَانِ قَدْ ذَهَبَا بِالْمَالِ فَأَيْنَ مَوْضِعُ الثُّلُثِ فَقَالَ لَهُ زُفَرُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ يَا أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ فَمَنْ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَعَالَ الْفَرَائِضَ فَقَالَ

“I sat with Ibn ‘Abbas that a mention of ordained shares of inheritance was made and Ibn ‘Abbas said, ‘Allah is free of all defects, the most great. Do you think that one who enumerates the number of the grains of sand in a sand valley has designated half and half and one-third? The two halves take away the legacy then

قَالَ زُرَارَةُ إِذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تُلْقِيَ الْعَوْلَ فَإِنَّمَا يَدْخُلُ النُّقْصَانُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَهُمُ الزِّيَادَةُ مِنَ الْوُلْدِ وَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ أَمَّا الزَّوْجُ وَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يُنْقَصُونَ مِمَّا سَمَّى لَهُمُ [اللَّهُ‌] شَيْئاً.

“If you wish to deal with deficiency it is compensated from the share of those who have more, like children and brothers from the father. The husband and brothers from the mother do not compensate the deficiency from their ordained shares which Allah has mentioned.’”

أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَدْخَلَ الْوَالِدَيْنِ عَلَى جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ الْمَوَارِيثِ فَلَمْ يَنْقُصْهُمَا مِنَ السُّدُسِ [شَيْئاً] وَ أَدْخَلَ الزَّوْجَ وَ الْمَرْأَةَ فَلَمْ يَنْقُصْهُمَا مِنَ الرُّبُعِ وَ الثُّمُنِ [شَيْئاً].

“He had heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has placed the parents with all other heirs and [nothing] from their one-sixth is reduced. He has placed husband and wife with heirs and [nothing] is reduced from one-fourth and one-eighth.’”

أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِمْ ضَرَرٌ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ الْوَالِدَانِ وَ الزَّوْجُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Nothing is reduced from the ordained shares of four people: the parents and the husband and the wife.’”

إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَدْخَلَ الْأَبَوَيْنِ عَلَى جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَلَمْ يَنْقُصْهُمَا مِنَ السُّدُسِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا وَ أَدْخَلَ الزَّوْجَ وَ الزَّوْجَةَ عَلَى جَمِيعِ أَهْلِ الْمَوَارِيثِ فَلَمْ يَنْقُصْهُمَا مِنَ الرُّبُعِ وَ الثُّمُنِ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has placed parents with all other heirs who have ordained shares and nothing is reduced from their one-sixth for each parent and He has placed a husband and wife with all other heirs but nothing is reduced from one-fourth and one-eighth.’”

لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ الْأُمِّ وَ لَا مَعَ الْأَبِ وَ لَا مَعَ الِابْنِ وَ لَا مَعَ الِابْنَةِ إِلَّا الزَّوْجُ وَ الزَّوْجَةُ وَ إِنَ‌ الزَّوْجَ لَا يُنْقَصُ مِنَ النِّصْفِ شَيْئاً إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا تُنْقَصُ الزَّوْجَةُ مِنَ الرُّبُعِ شَيْئاً إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ فَإِذَا كَانَ مَعَهُمَا وَلَدٌ فَلِلزَّوْجِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الثُّمُنُ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘With the existence of a mother or father or son or daughter no one else inherits except the husband and wife. The one-half share of the husband is not reduced if there are no children; and from one-fourth of a wife nothing is reduced if there are no children; but if there is a child with

إِذَا تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ أُمَّهُ أَوْ أَبَاهُ أَوِ ابْنَهُ أَوِ ابْنَتَهُ فَإِذَا تَرَكَ وَاحِداً مِنَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ فَلَيْسَ بِالَّذِي عَنَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ- قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلالَةِ[1] وَ لَا يَرِثُ مَعَ الْأُمِّ وَ لَا مَعَ الْأَبِ وَ لَا مَعَ الِابْنِ وَ لَا مَعَ الِابْنَةِ أَحَدٌ خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ غَيْرَ زَوْجٍ أَوْ زَوْجَةٍ.

“If a deceased leaves behind his mother, or father, or his son or his daughter with one of these four then what Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has spoken about, ‘Allah gives you a fatwa about al -Kalalah’ (4:176) does not apply. With the existence of the mother, father, son or daughter no one of the creatures of

الْعِلَّةُ فِي وَضْعِ السِّهَامِ عَلَى سِتَّةٍ لَا أَقَلَّ وَ لَا أَكْثَرَ لِعِلَّةِ وُجُوهِ أَهْلِ الْمِيرَاثِ لِأَنَّ الْوُجُوهَ الَّتِي مِنْهَا سِهَامُ الْمَوَارِيثِ سِتَّةُ جِهَاتٍ لِكُلِّ جِهَةٍ سَهْمٌ فَأَوَّلُ جِهَاتِهَا سَهْمُ الْوَلَدِ وَ الثَّانِي سَهْمُ الْأَبِ وَ الثَّالِثُ سَهْمُ الْأُمِّ وَ الرَّابِعُ سَهْمُ الْكَلَالَةِ كَلَالَةِ الْأَبِ وَ الْخَامِسُ سَهْمُ كَلَالَةِ الْأُمِّ وَ السَّادِسُ سَهْمُ الزّ

الْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ شَيْ‌ءٌ.

“About the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his daughter and his sister from his father and mother, he (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to his daughter and there is nothing for the sister from his father and mother.’”

أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ رَجُلٌ وَ تَرَكَ خَمْسَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ سِتَّمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَةً وَ قَالَ لِي عَصَبَةٌ بِالشَّامِ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ أَعْطِ الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ وَ الْعَصَبَةَ النِّصْفَ الْآخَرَ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ الْكُوفَةَ أَخْبَرْتُ أَصْحَابَنَا بِقَوْلِهِ فَقَالُوا اتَّقَاكَ فَأَعْطَيْتُ الِابْنَةَ النِّصْفَ الْآخَرَ ثُمَّ حَجَجْتُ فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّ

“A man made a will about five hundred dirhams or six hundred dirhams, leaving behind his daughter, and told me that his paternal relatives are in the Levant. I asked Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about it and he (the Imam) said, ‘Give one-half to his daughter and the other half to his paternal relatives.’ When I returned to a

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُخْتَهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ قَالَ الْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ شَيْ‌ءٌ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his daughter and his sister from his mother and father. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to his daughter and there is nothing for his sister from his mother and father.’”

بَنَاتُ الِابْنَةِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الْبِنْتِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ بَنَاتٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ وَ بَنَاتُ الِابْنِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ بَنَاتٌ أَوْلَادٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ.

“Abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal (a.s.), has said, ‘Granddaughters replace their mother if the deceased does not leave behind any daughters and there is no other heir. Daughters of one’s son replace one’s son if the deceased does not leave behind any daughters of children and there are no other heirs besides them.’”

ابْنُ الِابْنِ يَقُومُ مَقَامَ أَبِيهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Grandchildren take the place of their father.’”

بَنَاتُ الِابْنَةِ يَرِثْنَ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ بَنَاتٌ كُنَّ مَكَانَ الْبَنَاتِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Granddaughters from the daughter’s side take the place of their mother if other daughters of the deceased do not exist.’”

بَنَاتُ الِابْنَةِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنَةِ إِذَا لَمْ تَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ بَنَاتٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ وَ بَنَاتُ الِابْنِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرُهُنَّ. قَالَ الْفَضْلُ وَ وُلْدُ الْوَلَدِ أَبَداً يَقُومُونَ مَقَامَ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدُ الصُّلْبِ [وَ] لَا يَرِثُ مَعَهُمْ إِلَّا الْوَالِدَانِ وَ الزَّوْجُ وَ الزَّوْجَةُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ ا

Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Granddaughters from the daughter’s side keep the place of their mother if the deceased does not leave behind other daughters and there is no other heir besides them. Daughters of one’s son take the place of their father if the deceased does not leave behind a son and no one else inheri

لِلْأَبِ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُمِّ سَهْمٌ.

“About the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his parents, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The father receives two shares and the mother receives one share.”’

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أُمَّهُ وَ أَخَاهُ قَالَ يَا شَيْخُ تُرِيدُ عَلَى الْكِتَابِ قَالَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يُعْطِي الْمَالَ الْأَقْرَبَ فَالْأَقْرَبَ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالْأَخُ لَا يَرِثُ شَيْئاً قَالَ قَدْ أَخْبَرْتُكَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يُعْطِي الْمَالَ الْأَقْرَبَ فَالْأَقْرَبَ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who leaves behind his mother and brother. He (the Imam) said, ‘O Shaykh, do you want the answer according to the book?’ He (the narrator) has said that I said, ‘Yes, I want it according to the book.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Ali (a.s.), would give the legacy to th

هِيَ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أَسْهُمٍ لِلْأُمِّ سَهْمٌ وَ لِلْأَبِ سَهْمَانِ.

“About the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his parents, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is from three shares, one share for the mother and two for the father.’”

قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنَّ أُنَاساً حَدَّثُونِي عَنْهُ يَعْنِي أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع بِأَشْيَاءَ فِي الْفَرَائِضِ فَأَعْرِضُهَا عَلَيْكَ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْهَا بَاطِلًا فَقُلْ هَذَا بَاطِلٌ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا حَقّاً فَقُلْ هَذَا حَقٌّ وَ لَا تَرْوِهِ وَ اسْكُتْ‌[1]- وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع فِي أَبَوَيْنِ وَ إِخْوَةٍ لِأُمٍّ أَنَّهُمْ يَحْجُبُونَ وَ لَا يَرِثُونَ فَقَالَ هَذ

“I once said to Zurarah, "Certain people have narrated to me from him (abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) ) and from his father (a.s.), about certain things regarding the ordained shares. I like to show them to you so you can tell me which is false and which is right and do not narrate this (what is false) and remain quiet.’ I said

إِذَا تَرَكَ الْمَيِّتُ أَخَوَيْنِ فَهُمْ‌[1] إِخْوَةٌ مَعَ الْمَيِّتِ حَجَبَا الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ وَاحِداً لَمْ يَحْجُبِ الْأُمَّ وَ قَالَ إِذَا كُنَّ أَرْبَعَ أَخَوَاتٍ حَجَبْنَ الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ لِأَنَّهُنَّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَخَوَيْنِ وَ إِنْ كُنَّ ثَلَاثاً لَمْ يَحْجُبْنَ.

“Abu "Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, "If a deceased leaves behind two brothers, they are considered more than two brothers of the deceased and they bar the mother from one-third. If there is one brother he does not bar the mother.’ He (the Imam) said, "If there are four sisters they bar the mother from one-third because t

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ أَبَوَيْنِ وَ أُخْتَيْنِ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ هَلْ يَحْجُبَانِ الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ قَالَ لَا قَالَ قُلْتُ فَثَلَاثٌ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَأَرْبَعٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of both parents and two sisters from both parents; if they bar the mother from one-third of the legacy. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they do not do so.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if they are three?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they do not do so.’ I then asked, ‘What happen

لَا تَحْجُبُ الْأُمَّ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ وَلَدٌ إِلَّا أَخَوَانِ أَوْ أَرْبَعُ أَخَوَاتٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A mother is not barred from receiving one-third if there is no son except because of two brothers or four sisters.’”

لَا تَحْجُبُ الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ إِلَّا أَخَوَانِ أَوْ أَرْبَعُ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ أَوْ لِأَبٍ.

5. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Faddal from ‘Abd Allah ibn Bukayr from Fadl abu al-‘Abbas al-Baqbaq who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘A mother is not barred from receiving one-third except because of two brothers or four sisters from both p

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ لَا يَحْجُبُونَ الْأُمَّ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ.

“I once heard abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ’Brothers from the mothers’ side do not bar the mother from one-third of the legacy.’”

قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا زُرَارَةُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَبَوَيْهِ وَ إِخْوَتَهُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ قَالَ قُلْتُ السُّدُسُ لِأُمِّهِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ فَقَالَ مِنْ أَيْنَ قُلْتَ هَذَا قُلْتُ سَمِعْتُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ‌ فَإِنْ كانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ‌[1] فَقَالَ وَيْحَكَ يَا زُرَارَةُ أُولَئِكَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ فَإِذَا كَانَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْ

“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), once said to me, ’O Zurarah, what do you say about the case of a man who leaves behind his both parents and brothers from his mother’s side?’ He (the narrator) has said that he said, ‘One-sixth is for the mother and the rest is for the father.’ He (the Imam) asked, ’On what basis do you say so?’

أَقْرَأَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع صَحِيفَةَ كِتَابِ الْفَرَائِضِ الَّتِي هِيَ إِمْلَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ خَطُّ عَلِيٍّ ع بِيَدِهِ فَوَجَدْتُ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أُمَّهُ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ فَمَا أَصَابَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ فَلِلِابْنَةِ وَ مَا أَصَابَ سَهْماً فَهُوَ لِلْأُمِّ قَالَ وَ قَرَأْتُ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ تَرَ

“Once abu Ja‘far (a.s.), made me read the page of the book of ordained shares. It was according to the dictation of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and with the handwriting of Ali (a.s.). I found in it this, ’If a deceased leaves beh

وَجَدْتُ فِي صَحِيفَةِ الْفَرَائِضِ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أَبَوَيْهِ فَلِلِابْنَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا سَهْمٌ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ عَلَى خَمْسَةِ أَجْزَاءٍ فَمَا أَصَابَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ فَلِلِابْنَةِ وَ مَا أَصَابَ جُزْءَيْنِ فَلِلْأَبَوَيْنِ.

“I found in the book of ordained shares that if a deceased leaves behind his daughter and both parents, the share of the daughter are three shares and the parents each receives one share. The legacy is made in five parts of which three are for the daughter and two for the parents, one share each.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْجَدِّ فَقَالَ مَا أَجِدُ أَحَداً قَالَ فِيهِ إِلَّا بِرَأْيِهِ إِلَّا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ فَمَا قَالَ فِيهِ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ غَداً فَالْقَنِي حَتَّى أُقْرِئَكَهُ فِي كِتَابٍ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ حَدِّثْنِي فَإِنَّ حَدِيثَكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تُقْرِئَنِيهِ فِي كِتَابٍ فَقَالَ لِيَ الثَّانِيَةَ اسْمَعْ مَا أَقُولُ لَ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the grandfather. He (the Imam) said, ‘I do not find anyone who has spoken about it but that they have spoken out of their opinion except ’ Amir al- Mu’minin (a.s.). I then asked, T pray to Allah to keep you well, what has ’ Amir al- Mu’minin said about it?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘To

قُلْتُ لِزُرَارَةَ إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مُسْلِمٍ وَ بُكَيْراً يَرْوِيَانِ- عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي زَوْجٍ وَ أَبَوَيْنِ وَ ابْنَةٍ فَلِلزَّوْجِ الرُّبُعُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ سَهْماً وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ السُّدُسَانِ أَرْبَعَةُ أَسْهُمٍ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ سَهْماً وَ بَقِيَ خَمْسَةُ أَسْهُمٍ فَهُوَ لِلِابْنَةِ لِأَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ ذَكَراً لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا غَيْرُ خَمْسَةٍ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَ

“I once said to Zurarah that I have heard Muhammad ibn Muslim and Bukayr narrating from abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the husband, both parents and a daughter. The share of the husband is one-fourth, three shares out of twelve shares, the parents receive two-sixth, four shares out of twelve shares and the remaining five sha

لِلزَّوْجِ الرُّبُعُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ سَهْماً وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ سَهْمَانِ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ سَهْماً وَ بَقِيَ خَمْسَةُ أَسْهُمٍ فَهِيَ لِلِابْنَةِ لِأَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ ذَكَراً لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَسْهُمٍ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ سَهْماً لِأَنَّ الْأَبَوَيْنِ لَا يُنْقَصَانِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنَ السُّدُسِ شَيْئاً وَ أَنَ‌ الزَّوْجَ ل

“This is about the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband, both parents and a daughter. Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The husband receives one-fourth. It is three shares out of twelve. The parents each receives one-sixth, two shares out of twelve. The remaining five shares belong to the daughter because if she w

دَفَعَ إِلَيَّ صَفْوَانُ كِتَاباً لِمُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ لِي هَذَا سَمَاعِي مِنْ مُوسَى بْنِ بَكْرٍ وَ قَرَأْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا فِيهِ مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ هَذَا مِمَّا لَيْسَ فِيهِ اخْتِلَافٌ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَنَّهُمَا سُئِلَا عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أُمَّهَا وَ ابْنَتَيْهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ ال

3. Humayd ibn Ziyad has narrated from al-Hassan ibn Muhammad from Sama‘ah who has said that Safwan gave to him the book of Musa ibn Bakr which he read it before him and found Musa ibn Bakr narrating it from Sa’id from Zurarah who has said that: there are no differences among our people about the following case. Abu ‘Ab

لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ لِلْأَبِ مَا بَقِيَ وَ قَالَ فِي امْرَأَةٍ مَعَ أَبَوَيْنِ قَالَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ.

“About the case of a woman who leaves behind her husband and parents, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The share of the husband is one-half, the share of mother is one-third and the remaining belongs to the father.’ About the case of a man who leaves behind a wife and both parents, he (the Imam) said, ‘The share of the wi