Wealth & Money

سَأَلْتُهُ وَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ لَنَا ضِيَاعاً وَ لَهَا حُدُودٌ وَ فِيهَا مَرَاعِي وَ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنَّا غَنَمٌ وَ إِبِلٌ وَ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى تِلْكَ الْمَرَاعِي لِإِبِلِهِ وَ غَنَمِهِ أَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِيَ الْمَرَاعِيَ لِحَاجَتِهِ إِلَيْهَا فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَتِ الْأَرْضُ أَرْضَهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِيَ وَ يُصَيِّرَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَبِيعُ الْمَرَاعِي

“Regarding my question before abu al-Hassan (a.s.), - after saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, we have a property that has boundaries and a pasture - about a man from us who has sheep and camel. He needs those pastures for his camel and sheep if it is permissible for him to preserve and

سَأَلْتُ الرِّضَا ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ وَ تَكُونُ لَهَا حُدُودٌ تَبْلُغُ حُدُودُهَا عِشْرِينَ مِيلًا وَ أَقَلَّ وَ أَكْثَرَ يَأْتِيهِ الرَّجُلُ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ أَعْطِنِي مِنْ مَرَاعِي ضَيْعَتِكَ وَ أُعْطِيَكَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَتِ الضَّيْعَةُ لَهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ.

‘If you give to me from your pastures I will give you so and so amount of dirham. He (the Imam) said, ‘If the property is his property it is not unlawful.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ رَجُلًا بِنَفَقَةٍ وَ دَرَاهِمَ مُسَمَّاةٍ عَلَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَهُ إِلَى أَرْضٍ فَلَمَّا أَنْ قَدِمَ أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ الشَّهْرَ وَ الشَّهْرَيْنِ فَيُصِيبُ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُغْنِيهِ عَنْ نَفَقَةِ الْمُسْتَأْجِرِ فَنَظَرَ الْأَجِيرُ إِلَى مَا كَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِ فِي الشَّهْرِ إِذَا هُوَ لَمْ يَدْعُهُ فَكَافَأَهُ الَّذِي يَدْعُ

“This is concerning my question before abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who hires another man for a certain amount of wages and dirham to send him to a certain land. When he arrives in that land one of his friends invites him with who he stays for one or two months where he does not need to spend from the

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا يُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ دَعْوَةٌ أَحَدُهُمْ رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَأَدَانَهُ بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَ لَمْ آمُرْكَ بِالشَّهَادَةِ.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The prayers of four kinds of people are not heard and accepted, one is a man who has an asset which he gives to someone without the presence of any witness and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, ‘Did I not command you to secure the witness?”’

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ أَرْبَعَةٌ لَا يُسْتَجَابُ لَهُمْ فَذَكَرَ الرَّابِعُ رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَأَدَانَهُ بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَ لَمْ آمُرْكَ بِالشَّهَادَةِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The prayers of four kinds of people are not heard and accepted and he (the Imam) said that the fourth one is he who has an asset which he lends it to someone without the presence of witness and testimony; and Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, then says, “Did I not command you to se

كَانَتْ لِإِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع دَنَانِيرُ وَ أَرَادَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ يَا أَبَتِ إِنَّ فُلَاناً يُرِيدُ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَ عِنْدِي كَذَا وَ كَذَا دِينَاراً فَتَرَى أَنْ أَدْفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ يَبْتَاعُ لِي بِهَا بِضَاعَةً مِنَ الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَا بُنَيَّ أَ مَا بَلَغَكَ أَنَّهُ يَشْرَبُ الْخَمْرَ فَقَالَ إِسْم

‘Isma’il, son of abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), had a certain amount of dinar and a man from Quraysh wanted to travel to Yemen, so ‘Isma’il asked his father, ’Father, so and so wants to go to Yemen and I have so and so amount of dinar. Do you think I should give it to him to bring for me goods from Yemen?’ Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ إِذَا حَدَّثْتُكُمْ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ فَاسْأَلُونِي عَنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ نَهَى عَنِ الْقِيلِ وَ الْقَالِ وَ فَسَادِ الْمَالِ وَ كَثْرَةِ السُّؤَالِ‌[2] فَقَالُوا يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَ أَيْنَ هَذَا مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ- لا خَيْرَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ نَجْواهُمْ‌ الْآيَةَ[3] وَ قَالَ‌ وَ لا تُؤْتُوا السُّ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘When you speak to me, ask me about the book of Allah.’ He (the Imam) then in his Hadith said, ‘Allah has prohibited from qil (it was said so), qal (he said so and so on . . .), destruction of assets and a great deal of questions.’ They then asked, ‘O child of the Messenger of Allah, where

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ مَنِ ائْتَمَنَ شَارِبَ الْخَمْرِ عَلَى أَمَانَةٍ بَعْدَ عِلْمِهِ فِيهِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَلَى اللَّهِ ضَمَانٌ وَ لَا أَجْرٌ لَهُ وَ لَا خَلَفٌ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘If one trusts one who drinks wine, about a trust after knowing that he drinks wine, he has no guarantee for it before Allah or any reward or replacement for h

مَا أُبَالِي ائْتَمَنْتُ خَائِناً أَوْ مُضَيِّعاً[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One’s trusting a treacherous person and wasting assets is a worthless act.’”

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُبْغِضُ الْقِيلَ وَ الْقَالَ وَ إِضَاعَةَ الْمَالِ وَ كَثْرَةَ السُّؤَالِ.

“I once heard abu al-Hassan (a.s.), saying, ‘Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, hates qil (it was said so), qal (he said so and so on . . .), wasting assets and asking a great deal of questions.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْناً وَ تَرَكَ عَبْداً لَهُ مَالٌ فِي التِّجَارَةِ وَ وَلَداً وَ فِي يَدِ الْعَبْدِ مَالٌ وَ مَتَاعٌ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ اسْتَدَانَهُ الْعَبْدُ فِي حَيَاةِ سَيِّدِهِ فِي تِجَارَتِهِ وَ إِنَّ الْوَرَثَةَ وَ غُرَمَاءَ الْمَيِّتِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِيمَا فِي يَدِ الْعَبْدِ مِنَ الْمَالِ وَ الْمَتَاعِ وَ فِي رَقَبَةِ الْعَبْدِ فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ لَيْسَ لِلْوَرَث

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies owing a certain amount of debts and leaves behind a slave who has his assets in business and a son. In the hand of the slave he leaves the assets, goods and debts owed by the slave which he had incurred during the lifetime of

قُلْتُ لَا أَزَالُ أُعْطِي الرَّجُلَ الْمَالَ فَيَقُولُ قَدْ هَلَكَ أَوْ ذَهَبَ فَمَا عِنْدَكَ حِيلَةٌ تَحْتَالُهَا لِي فَقَالَ أَعْطِ الرَّجُلَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ أَقْرِضْهَا إِيَّاهُ وَ أَعْطِهِ عِشْرِينَ دِرْهَماً يَعْمَلُ بِالْمَالِ كُلِّهِ وَ تَقُولُ هَذَا رَأْسُ مَالِي وَ هَذَا رَأْسُ مَالِكَ فَمَا أَصَبْتَ مِنْهُمَا جَمِيعاً فَهُوَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ فَسَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَا ب

‘I still give goods to this man and he says that it is destroyed or is spent, so what kind of plan can help it?’ He (the planner) said, ‘You can give the man one thousand dirham and give it to him as loan; then give him twenty dirham to work with the asset and say to him, “This is my capital and that is your capital. W

سَأَلَهُ ذَرِيحٌ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ يَأْخُذُ اللُّقَطَةَ قَالَ وَ مَا لِلْمَمْلُوكِ وَ اللُّقَطَةِ لَا يَمْلِكُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ شَيْئاً فَلَا يَعْرِضُ لَهَا الْمَمْلُوكُ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ‌[1] أَنْ يُعَرِّفَهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ جَاءَ طَالِبُهَا دَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ وَ إِلَّا كَانَتْ فِي مَالِهِ فَإِنْ مَاتَ كَانَ مِيرَاثاً لِوَلَدِهِ وَ لِمَنْ وَرِثَهُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِئْ لَهَا طَالِبٌ كَانَتْ فِي أَمْوَ

“This is concerning my question of Dhariyh al-Muharibiy before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a slave who takes an item that is found. He (the Imam) said, ‘What a slave has to do with an item found! He does not own anything for himself. A slave must not have bothered about it. He must announce it in public for one year.

كَانَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَضَاقَ ضَيْقاً شَدِيداً وَ اشْتَدَّتْ حَالُهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع اذْهَبْ فَخُذْ حَانُوتاً فِي السُّوقِ وَ ابْسُطْ بِسَاطاً وَ لْيَكُنْ عِنْدَكَ جَرَّةٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ وَ الْزَمْ بَابَ حَانُوتِكَ قَالَ فَفَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ فَمَكَثَ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَدِمَتْ رِفْقَةٌ مِنْ مِصْرَ فَأَلْقَوْا مَتَاعَهُمْ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ عِنْدَ مَعْرِفَتِهِ‌[4] و

“A certain person of our people lived in al-Madinah and he suffered severe constraints. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to him, ‘You must go to find a shop in the market, set up your display and keep a jar of water with you and guard the door of your shop. He (the narrator) has said that he followed the instruction and rem

قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يَخْرُجُ ثُمَّ يَقْدَمُ عَلَيْنَا وَ قَدْ أَفَادَ الْمَالَ الْكَثِيرَ فَلَا نَدْرِي اكْتَسَبَهُ مِنْ حَلَالٍ أَوْ حَرَامٍ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فَانْظُرْ فِي أَيِّ وَجْهٍ يُخْرِجُ نَفَقَاتِهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ يُنْفِقُ فِيمَا لَا يَنْبَغِي مِمَّا يَأْثَمُ عَلَيْهِ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ.

“I once said to abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), a man traveled and then came back with a great deal of assets and we did not know if he had earned it in a lawful or unlawful ways. He (the Imam) said, ‘If such is the case, look how he spends it. If he spends in ways that he is not supposed to spend or is of the sinful ways it t

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ كَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص مُؤْمِنٌ فَقِيرٌ شَدِيدُ الْحَاجَةِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الصُّفَّةِ وَ كَانَ مُلَازِماً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص عِنْدَ مَوَاقِيتِ الصَّلَاةِ كُلِّهَا لَا يَفْقِدُهُ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْهَا وَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَرِقُّ لَهُ وَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى حَاجَتِهِ وَ غُرْبَتِهِ فَيَقُولُ يَا سَعْدُ لَوْ قَدْ جَاءَنِي شَيْ‌ءٌ لَأَغْنَيْتُكَ قَالَ فَأَبْطَأَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى ر

“I once heard abu Ja‘far (a.s.), saying, ‘During the time of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, there was a believing man, poor and very needy of the people of the platform (in front of Masjid). He always kept very close to the Messenge

شَكَوْتُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع حَالِي وَ انْتِشَارَ أَمْرِي عَلَيَّ قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي إِذَا قَدِمْتَ الْكُوفَةَ فَبِعْ وِسَادَةً مِنْ بَيْتِكَ بِعَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ وَ ادْعُ إِخْوَانَكَ وَ أَعِدَّ لَهُمْ طَعَاماً وَ سَلْهُمْ يَدْعُونَ اللَّهَ لَكَ قَالَ فَفَعَلْتُ وَ مَا أَمْكَنَنِي ذَلِكَ حَتَّى بِعْتُ وِسَادَةً وَ اتَّخَذْتُ طَعَاماً كَمَا أَمَرَنِي وَ سَأَلْتُهُمْ أَنْ يَدْعُوا اللَّهَ لِي قَالَ فَوَ اللَّهِ

‘When you arrive in al-Kufah, sell a piece of pillow from your home for ten dirham, invite your brothers, prepare food for them and ask them to pray for you to Allah.’ He (the narrator) has said, ‘I followed the instruction but it was not possible without selling the piece of pillow to prepare food as he (the Imam) had

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَيْسَ بِوَلِيٍّ لِي مَنْ أَكَلَ مَالَ مُؤْمِنٍ حَرَاماً.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who consumes the assets of a believing person in unlawful ways is not of my follower and friends.’”

كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ يَعْنِي أَبَا الْحَسَنِ الثَّالِثَ ع وَ أَنَا بِالْمَدِينَةِ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَ ثَلَاثِينَ وَ مِائَتَيْنِ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ رَجُلٌ أَمَرَ رَجُلًا يَشْتَرِي لَهُ مَتَاعاً أَوْ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ فَاشْتَرَاهُ فَسُرِقَ مِنْهُ أَوْ قُطِعَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّرِيقُ مِنْ مَالِ مَنْ ذَهَبَ الْمَتَاعُ مِنْ مَالِ الْآمِرِ أَوْ مِنْ مَالِ الْمَأْمُورِ فَكَتَبَ س مِنْ مَالِ الْآمِرِ.

“I once wrote to him (the Imam) (abu al-Hassan, al-Thalith) from al-Madinah in the year two hundred thirty-one, saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, a man commands another man to buy goods for him or other things which he buys but the goods are stolen or are looted on the way, from whose

كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عِنْدَنَا رَجُلٌ يُكَنَّى أَبَا الْقَمْقَامِ وَ كَانَ مُحَارَفاً[1] فَأَتَى أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ حِرْفَتَهُ وَ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ لَا يَتَوَجَّهُ فِي حَاجَةٍ فَيُقْضَى لَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع قُلْ فِي آخِرِ دُعَائِكَ مِنْ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ وَ أَسْأَلُهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ عَشْرَ مَرَّاتٍ قَالَ أَبُو الْقَمْقَامِ فَلَزِمْتُ ذَل

“In al-Madinah there was a man with us, called abu al-Qamqa’m who was unfortunate. He went to abu al-Hassan (a.s.), and complained before him against his condition and informed him (the Imam) that wherever he goes for something he fails. Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), said, ‘In your last prayer in the morning, say, ‘Free of all

سُئِلَ رَجُلٌ لَهُ مَالٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ قِبَلِ عِينَةٍ عَيَّنَهَا[1] إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا حَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الْمَالُ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُعْطِيهِ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُقَلِّبَ عَلَيْهِ وَ يَرْبَحَ أَ يَبِيعُهُ لُؤْلُؤاً وَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ مَا يَسْوَى مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ يُؤَخِّرَهُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ قَدْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ أَبِي رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَفْعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ كَان

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man to whom another man owed a certain amount of assets because of ‘Aynah deal. When payment time was due he did not have anything to pay so he wanted to turn it over on him for profit; if he can sell a pearl or something else worth a hundred dirham for a thous

لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا لَكَ تَنْظُرُ فَقَالَ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَبٌّ يُلْقَى فِي قَمِيصِكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ اضْرِبْ يَدَكَ إِلَى هَذَا الْكِتَابِ فَاقْرَأْ مَا فِيهِ وَ كَانَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ كِتَابٌ أَوْ قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُ فَنَظَرَ الرَّجُلُ فِيهِ فَإِذَا فِيهِ لَا إِيمَانَ لِمَنْ لَا حَيَاءَ لَهُ وَ لَا مَالَ لِمَنْ لَا تَقْدِيرَ لَهُ وَ لَا جَدِيدَ لِمَنْ لَا خَلَقَ لَهُ.

“Once a certain person of the followers of abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), came to visit him (the Imam) and he saw his shirt had a patch on it, so he kept looking at it. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), asked, ‘Why are you looking?’ He replied, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, there is a patch on your shirt.’ H

مَا أَفَادَ عَبْدٌ فَائِدَةً خَيْراً مِنْ زَوْجَةٍ صَالِحَةٍ إِذَا رَآهَا سَرَّتْهُ وَ إِذَا غَابَ عَنْهَا حَفِظَتْهُ فِي نَفْسِهَا وَ مَالِهِ.

"Nothing benefits a servant more than the benefit of a righteous wife, who gets joyed when he sees her and in his absence she keeps herself protected and his wealth."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مِنْ سَعَادَةِ الْمَرْءِ الزَّوْجَةُ الصَّالِحَةُ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Having a virtuous wife is a good fortune that a man enjoys.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ تَزَوَّجُوا وَ زَوِّجُوا أَلَا فَمِنْ حَظِّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِنْفَاقُ قِيمَةِ أَيِّمَةٍ[2] وَ مَا مِنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ بَيْتٍ يُعْمَرُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ بِالنِّكَاحِ وَ مَا مِنْ شَيْ‌ءٍ أَبْغَضَ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْ بَيْتٍ يُخْرَبُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ بِالْفُرْقَةِ يَعْنِي الطَّلَاقَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِ

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Safwan ibn Mehran who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مَنْ تَرَكَ التَّزْوِيجَ مَخَافَةَ الْعَيْلَةِ فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ ظَنَّهُ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَراءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ‌[1].

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘One who neglects marriage because of his fear to feed his dependents has become cynical about Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, who has said, “If they

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ أَتَى رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ ص يَسْتَأْمِرُهُ فِي النِّكَاحِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص انْكِحْ وَ عَلَيْكَ بِذَاتِ الدِّينِ تَرِبَتْ يَدَاكَ‌[2].

‘You must marry one who is religious beyond questions.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ مَنْ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً يُرِيدُ مَالَهَا الْجَأَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْمَالِ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘If one marries a woman for the sake of her wealth, Allah makes that wealth his (only) refuge.’”

إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ لِجَمَالِهَا أَوْ مَالِهَا وُكِلَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَهَا لِدِينِهَا رَزَقَهُ اللَّهُ الْجَمَالَ وَ الْمَالَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah, (a.s.) has said, ‘If one marries a woman for the sake of her beauty or wealth he will be left alone with such things; but if one marries for the sake of her religion, Allah provides him beauty and wealth.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ تَزَوَّجُوا الزُّرْقَ فَإِنَّ فِيهِنَّ الْيُمْنَ.

‘Marry blue colored eyes; it is a sign of good fortune.’”

مِنْ سَعَادَةِ الْمَرْءِ أَنْ لَا تَطْمَثَ ابْنَتُهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ.

‘It is of the good fortune of a man whose daughter does not experience Hayd (menses) in his home.’”

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع إِذِ اسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَسَلَّمَ فَرَحَّبَ بِهِ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ أَدْنَاهُ وَ سَاءَلَهُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي خَطَبْتُ إِلَى مَوْلَاكَ فُلَانِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ ابْنَتَهُ فُلَانَةَ فَرَدَّنِي وَ رَغِبَ عَنِّي وَ ازْدَرَأَنِي لِدَمَامَتِي وَ حَاجَتِي وَ غُرْبَتِي وَ قَدْ دَخَلَنِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ غَضَاضَةٌ هَجْمَةٌ غُضَّ لَهَا

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Malik ibn ‘Atiyyah from abu Hamzah al-Thumaliy who has said the following: “I once was with abu Ja’far when a man asked permission for a meeting. He came in and offered Salam (the phrase of offering greeting of peace). Ab

إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَحَلَّ الْفَرْجَ لِعِلَلِ مَقْدُرَةِ الْعِبَادِ فِي الْقُوَّةِ عَلَى الْمَهْرِ وَ الْقُدْرَةِ عَلَى الْإِمْسَاكِ فَقَالَ‌ فَانْكِحُوا ما طابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّساءِ مَثْنى‌ وَ ثُلاثَ وَ رُباعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَواحِدَةً أَوْ ما مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ‌[1] وَ قَالَ‌ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا أَنْ يَنْكِحَ الْمُحْصَناتِ الْمُؤْمِناتِ فَمِنْ ما مَلَكَتْ أَيْمانُكُمْ

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Hisham ibn al-Hakam who has said the following: “He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘Allah, most High has made marriage lawful on the basis of His servants’ ability to pay mahr (dower) and their ability to provide maintenance, so He has said, “Marry wh

خَطَبَ الرِّضَا ع هَذِهِ الْخُطْبَةَ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي حَمِدَ فِي الْكِتَابِ نَفْسَهُ وَ افْتَتَحَ بِالْحَمْدِ كِتَابَهُ وَ جَعَلَ الْحَمْدَ أَوَّلَ جَزَاءِ مَحَلِّ نِعْمَتِهِ وَ آخِرَ دَعْوَى أَهْلِ جَنَّتِهِ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ شَهَادَةً أُخْلِصُهَا لَهُ وَ أَدَّخِرُهَا عِنْدَهُ وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ خَاتَمِ النُّبُوَّةِ وَ خَيْرِ الْبَرِيَّةِ وَ

7. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘awiyah ibn Hakim who has said the following: “Al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once read the following as Khutbah (sermon) when solemnizing a marriage: ‘All praise belongs to Allah who has praised Himself in the book and has opened His book with it, has made it the first reward of

لَمَّا أَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ خَدِيجَةَ بِنْتَ خُوَيْلِدٍ أَقْبَلَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَ مَعَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى وَرَقَةَ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ عَمِّ خَدِيجَةَ فَابْتَدَأَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ بِالْكَلَامِ فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِرَبِّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي جَعَلَنَا مِنْ زَرْعِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ ذُرِّيَّةِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَ أَنْزَلَنَا حَرَماً آمِناً وَ جَعَلَنَا الْحُكَّامَ عَل

9. Certain persons of our people have narrated from Ali ibn al-Husayn from Ali ibn Hassan from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Kathir who has said the following: “When the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, decided to marry Khadijah daughter of Khuwayli

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ ابْنَ أَخِيهِ وَ أَمْهَرَهَا بَيْتاً وَ خَادِماً ثُمَّ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ يُؤْخَذُ الْمَهْرُ مِنْ وَسَطِ الْمَالِ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالْبَيْتُ وَ الْخَادِمُ قَالَ وَسَطٌ مِنَ الْبُيُوتِ‌[2] وَ الْخَادِمُ وَسَطٌ مِنَ الْخَدَمِ قُلْتُ ثَلَاثِينَ أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَاراً وَ الْبَيْتُ نَحْوٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ هَذَا سَبْعِينَ ثَمَانِينَ دِينَاراً أَوْ مِائَةً نَحْ

“I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man who gave his daughter in marriage to the son of his brother with a mahr (dower) of a house and a servant and the man died. He (the Imam) said, ‘Mahr (dower) is paid from medium kinds of assets.’ I (the narrator) than asked, ‘What is the condition of the house an

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ وَ هُوَ صَغِيرٌ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْأَبِ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ عَلَى مَنِ الصَّدَاقُ قَالَ عَلَى الْأَبِ إِنْ كَانَ ضَمِنَهُ لَهُمْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ضَمِنَهُ فَهُوَ عَلَى الْغُلَامِ إِلَّا أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ‌[1] لِلْغُلَامِ مَالٌ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ضَمِنَ وَ قَالَ إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَهُ فَذَلِكَ إِلَى أَب

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who arranges marriage for his son who is small. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I asked if divorce is permissible. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permissible.’ I asked, ‘Who must pay mahr (dower)?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘T

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُزَوِّجُ ابْنَهُ وَ هُوَ صَغِيرٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لِابْنِهِ مَالٌ فَعَلَيْهِ الْمَهْرُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلِابْنِ مَالٌ فَالْأَبُ ضَامِنُ الْمَهْرِ ضَمِنَ أَوْ لَمْ يَضْمَنْ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who arranges marriage for his son who is small. He (the Imam) said, ‘If his son has any assets mahr (dower) is on him but if the son does not have any asset then the father is responsible for mahr (dower) whether he accepts such respo

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ فَزَوَّجَ مِنْهُمُ اثْنَيْنِ وَ فَرَضَ الصَّدَاقَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ مِنْ أَيْنَ يُحْسَبُ الصَّدَاقُ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ الْمَالِ أَوْ مِنْ حِصَّتِهِمَا قَالَ مِنْ جَمِيعِ الْمَالِ إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّيْنِ.

“I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a man who had sons and he arranged marriage for two of them and assigned mahr (dower) then he died; who was to pay mahr (dower); was it to be from all of the legacy or from the share of the two sons. He (the Imam) sa

بَعَثَتْ إِلَيَّ ابْنَةُ عَمٍّ لِي كَانَ لَهَا مَالٌ كَثِيرٌ قَدْ عَرَفْتَ كَثْرَةَ مَنْ يَخْطُبُنِي مِنَ الرِّجَالِ فَلَمْ أُزَوِّجْهُمْ نَفْسِي وَ مَا بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكَ رَغْبَةً فِي الرِّجَالِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ أَحَلَّهَا اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ وَ بَيَّنَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي سُنَّتِهِ فَحَرَّمَهَا زُفَرُ[1] فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أُطِيعَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَوْقَ عَرْشِهِ وَ أُطِيعَ

“Once a daughter of my uncle, who was quite wealthy, sent me a message saying, ‘As you know, many men propose marriage to me, but I do not give myself in marriage to anyone and my message to you is not because of my desire for men except it has come to my notice that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has made it law

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى أَمَةً هَلْ يُصِيبُ مِنْهَا دُونَ الْغِشْيَانِ وَ لَمْ يَسْتَبْرِئْهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا اسْتَوْجَبَهَا وَ صَارَتْ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَإِنْ مَاتَتْ كَانَتْ مِنْ مَالِهِ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Zurara, from Humran who said, ‘I asked Abu Ja’far asws about a man who bought a slave girl. Can he attain from her besides the overwhelming (copulation), and he has not cleared her womb?’ He asws said: ‘Yes, when it Obligates h

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ مَا يَحِلُّ لَهُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ فَقَالَ حُرَّتَانِ أَوْ أَرْبَعُ إِمَاءٍ قَالَ وَ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُ مَوْلَاهُ فَيَشْتَرِيَ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ جَارِيَةً أَوْ جَوَارِيَ يَطَؤُهُنَّ وَ رَقِيقُهُ لَهُ حَلَالٌ.

Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, and Muhammad Bin Ismail, from Al Fazal Bin Shazaan, altogether from Safwan Bin Yahya, from Ibn Muskan, from Al Hassan Bin Ziyad, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about the owned slave, ‘What is Permissible for him from the women?’

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ كَمْ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ قَالَ حُرَّتَانِ أَوْ أَرْبَعُ إِمَاءٍ وَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي يَدِهِ مَالٌ وَ كَانَ مَأْذُوناً لَهُ فِي التِّجَارَةِ أَنْ يَتَسَرَّى مَا شَاءَ مِنَ الْجَوَارِي وَ يَطَأَهُنَ‌[1].

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, and Muhammad Bin Khalid, altogether, from Al Qasim Bin Urwat, from Ibn Bukeyr, from Zurara, (It has been narrated) from one of the two (5 th or 6 th Imam asws ), said, ‘I asked him asws about the owned slaves, ‘How many that he marry?’ He asws said:

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ يَأْذَنُ لَهُ مَوْلَاهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مِنْ مَالِهِ الْجَارِيَةَ وَ الثِّنْتَيْنِ وَ الثَّلَاثَ وَ رَقِيقُهُ لَهُ حَلَالٌ قَالَ يَحُدُّ لَهُ حَدّاً لَا يُجَاوِزُهُ‌[2].

Humeyd Bin Ziyad, from Ibn Sama’at, from someone else, from Aban, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the owned slave whose master had permitted for him that he can buy from his wealth, the slave girl, and two and three, and his enslaved women would be Permissible for him’. He asws said: ‘H

إِذَا أَذِنَ الرَّجُلُ لِعَبْدِهِ أَنْ يَتَسَرَّى مِنْ مَالِهِ فَإِنَّهُ يَشْتَرِي كَمْ شَاءَ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أَذِنَ لَهُ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Zurara, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws having said, ‘When the man permits for his slave that he can keep concubines from his wealth, so he can buy as many as he so desires to, after him happened to have been permit

لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْعَبْدِ تَحْرِيرٌ وَ لَا تَزْوِيجٌ وَ لَا إِعْطَاءٌ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ.

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘It is not allowed for the slave, neither freedom nor marriage, nor giving from his wealth except with a permission from his master

فِي رَجُلٍ كَاتَبَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَ مَالِهِ وَ لَهُ أَمَةٌ وَ قَدْ شُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَتَزَوَّجَ فَأَعْتَقَ الْأَمَةَ وَ تَزَوَّجَهَا فَقَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ فِي مَالِهِ إِلَّا الْأَكْلَةَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ‌[1] وَ نِكَاحُهُ فَاسِدٌ مَرْدُودٌ قِيلَ فَإِنَّ سَيِّدَهُ عَلِمَ بِنِكَاحِهِ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ شَيْئاً قَالَ إِذَا صَمَتَ حِينَ يَعْلَمُ بِذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَقَرَّ قِيلَ فَإِنَّ الْمُكَاتَبَ عَتَق

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Muawiya Bin Wahab, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said regarding a man who contracted upon himself and upon his wealth, and for him was a slave girl, and there had been stipulated upon him that he would not get married. So he

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً حَامِلًا وَ قَدِ اسْتَبَانَ حَمْلُهَا فَوَطِئَهَا قَالَ بِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ قُلْتُ فَمَا تَقُولُ فِيهِ قَالَ أَ عَزَلَ عَنْهَا أَمْ لَا قُلْتُ أَجِبْنِي فِي الْوَجْهَيْنِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ عَزَلَ عَنْهَا فَلْيَتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَ لَا يَعُودُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَعْزِلْ عَنْهَا فَلَا يَبِيعُ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يُورِثُهُ وَ لَكِنْ يُعْتِقُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ شَي

Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Say Bin Ameyra, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said, ‘I asked Abu Al-Hassan asws about a man who bought a pregnant slave girl and her pregnancy had manifested, so he slept with her. He asws said: ‘Evil is what he has done’. I said, ‘So what are you asw

إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَتَى أَبِي ع فَقَالَ إِنِّي ابْتُلِيتُ بِأَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ إِنَّ لِي جَارِيَةً كُنْتُ أَطَأُهَا فَوَطِئْتُهَا يَوْماً وَ خَرَجْتُ فِي حَاجَةٍ لِي بَعْدَ مَا اغْتَسَلْتُ مِنْهَا وَ نَسِيتُ نَفَقَةً لِي فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْمَنْزِلِ لآِخُذَهَا فَوَجَدْتُ غُلَامِي عَلَى بَطْنِهَا فَعَدَدْتُ لَهَا مِنْ يَوْمِي ذَلِكَ تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَوَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبِي ع لَا يَنْبَ

Muhammad Bin Yahya, form Ahmad Bin Muhammad, and Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, altogether from Ibn Mahboub, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘A man from the Helpers came over to my asws father asws , so he said, ‘I am afflicted with a grievous matter. There is a sl

إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَتَى أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع فَقَالَ لَهُ إِنِّي قَدِ ابْتُلِيتُ بِأَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ إِنِّي وَقَعْتُ عَلَى جَارِيَتِي ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ فِي بَعْضِ حَوَائِجِي فَانْصَرَفْتُ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ فَأَصَبْتُ غُلَامِي بَيْنَ رِجْلَيِ الْجَارِيَةِ فَاعْتَزَلْتُهَا فَحَبِلَتْ ثُمَّ وَضَعَتْ جَارِيَةً لِعِدَّةِ تِسْعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع احْبِسِ الْجَارِيَةَ لَا تَبِعْهَا وَ أَنْفِقْ عَلَي

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Khalid, from Ibn Fazzal, from Muhammad Bin Ajlan who said that, ‘A man from the Helpers came over to Abu Ja’far asws , so he said to him asws , ‘I am afflicted with a grievous matter. I fell upon my slave girl, then I went out regarding one of my needs, and I turn