Fasting

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَنْوِي الصَّوْمَ فَيَلْقَاهُ أَخُوهُ الَّذِي هُوَ عَلَى أَمْرِهِ أَ يُفْطِرُ قَالَ- إِنْ كَانَ تَطَوُّعاً أَجْزَأَهُ وَ حُسِبَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَضَاءَ فَرِيضَةٍ قَضَاهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who decides to fast, then he meets his brother who believes as he does; if he can discontinue his fast. He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is optional it will be counted as one day of fasting in his favor, but if it is obligatory Qada’ (compensatory fast), he must do its Qada’ (

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَيَّامٌ أَ يَتَطَوَّعُ فَقَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who owes several days of Qada’ (compensatory fast) for the fast of the month of Ramadan if he can fast optional fast. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so before completing Qada’ (compensatory fast) of what is due upon him of the month of Ramadan.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ طَائِفَةٌ أَ يَتَطَوَّعُ فَقَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.

“I asked abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) about a man who owes Qada’ (compensatory fast) of the month of Ramadan if he can fast an optional fast.‘ He (the Imam) replied, ‘No, he cannot do so before completing the Qada’ (compensatory fast) of the month of Ramadan.’”

يَقْضِي عَنْهُ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِمِيرَاثِهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ امْرَأَةً فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا الرِّجَالُ.

The person who has the greatest degree of priority for his legacy carries out its Qada’ (compensatory fast or Salat) on his behalf.’ I then asked, ‘Can such person be a woman?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, such person can only be from men.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[1] عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَدْرَكَهُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ فَتُوُفِّيَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْرَأَ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ لَكِنْ يَقْضِي عَنِ الَّذِي يَبْرَأُ ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ.

“I once asked one of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about a man who in the month of Ramadan becomes ill and dies from that illness. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is not obligated for anything; however, Qada’ (compensatory matters) must be completed on behalf of one who gets well, then dies b

إِذَا صَامَ الرَّجُلُ شَيْئاً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلْ مَرِيضاً حَتَّى مَاتَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ إِنْ صَحَّ ثُمَّ مَرِضَ ثُمَ‌ مَاتَ وَ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ تُصُدِّقَ عَنْهُ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مَالٌ صَامَ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ.

‘If a man fasts certain days of the month of Ramadan during his illness then dies, he is not obligated for anything. However, if he becomes well, then becomes ill then dies and leaves behind a certain amount of asset, for every day, one mud of food must be given on his behalf, and if he has not left behind any assets,

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مَنْ يَقْضِي عَنْهُ قَالَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ قُلْتُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِهِ امْرَأَةً قَالَ لَا إِلَّا الرِّجَالُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who dies and owes fast of the month of Ramadan and about who is responsible to complete its Qada’ (compensatory fast) on his behalf. He (the Imam) said, ‘The one who has the greatest degree of priority in the matter about him completes Qada’ (compensatory fast) on his be

كَتَبْتُ‌[1] إِلَى الْأَخِيرِ ع رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَ لَهُ وَلِيَّانِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُمَا أَنْ يَقْضِيَا عَنْهُ جَمِيعاً خَمْسَةَ أَيَّامٍ أَحَدُ الْوَلِيَّيْنِ وَ خَمْسَةَ أَيَّامٍ الْآخَرُ فَوَقَّعَ ع يَقْضِي عَنْهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلِيِّهِ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ وِلَاءً إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ‌[2].

‘The eldest of his guardians completes ten days of Qada’ (compensatory fast) as a guardian by the will of Allah.’”

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا مَاتَ رَجُلٌ وَ عَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ عِلَّةٍ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْأَوَّلِ وَ يَقْضِيَ الشَّهْرَ الثَّانِيَ.

‘When a man dies, and he owes fast for two consecutive months for a certain reason, it is upon him to give charity for one month and complete Qada’ (compensatory fast) of the second month.”’

إِنَّا نَأْمُرُ صِبْيَانَنَا بِالصِّيَامِ إِذَا كَانُوا بَنِي سَبْعِ سِنِينَ بِمَا أَطَاقُوا مِنْ صِيَامِ الْيَوْمِ فَإِنْ كَانَ إِلَى نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ وَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ‌[4] أَوْ أَقَلَّ فَإِذَا غَلَبَهُمُ‌ الْعَطَشُ وَ الْغَرَثُ أَفْطَرُوا حَتَّى يَتَعَوَّدُوا الصَّوْمَ وَ يُطِيقُوهُ فَمُرُوا صِبْيَانَكُمْ إِذَا كَانُوا أَبْنَاءَ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ بِمَا أَطَاقُوا مِنْ صِيَامٍ فَإِذَا غَلَبَهُمُ الْعَطَشُ أَفْطَر

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘We command our children, when they are seven years old, to fast as long as they can. In midday or more if thirst increases, they stop fasting so they develop endurance. You should command your children to fast, when they are nine years old, for as long as they can fast. When thirst i

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي كَمْ يُؤْخَذُ الصَّبِيُّ بِالصِّيَامِ قَالَ مَا بَيْنَهُ‌[1] وَ بَيْنَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً وَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً فَإِنْ هُوَ صَامَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَدَعْهُ وَ لَقَدْ صَامَ ابْنِي فُلَانٌ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ فَتَرَكْتُهُ.

‘They must fast when they are fifteen and fourteen years old. If they fast before this then allow them to do so. My son, so and so fasted before such time and I allowed him to do so.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ‌[2] عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ مَتَى يَصُومُ قَالَ إِذَا قَوِيَ عَلَى الصِّيَامِ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a child when he is required to fast. He (the Imam) said, ‘When he is able to fast he must fast.’”

إِذَا أَطَاقَ الْغُلَامُ صِيَامَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مُتَتَابِعَةٍ فَقَدْ وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a boy is able to fast for three days continuously it is obligatory on him to fast in the month of Ramadan.’”

لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا مَا أَسْلَمَ فِيهِ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of one who becomes a Muslim in the middle of the month of Ramadan, if he owes any fast. He (the Imam) said, ‘There is no fast upon him except that (day) in which he has become a Muslim.”’

فِي رَجُلٍ أَسْلَمَ فِي نِصْفِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا مَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ.

about one who accepts Islam in the middle of the month of Ramadan would say that he is not obligated for anything of fasting except for the coming days.”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْمٍ أَسْلَمُوا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ مَضَى مِنْهُ أَيَّامٌ هَلْ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَصُومُوا مَا مَضَى مِنْهُ أَوْ يَوْمَهُمُ الَّذِي أَسْلَمُوا فِيهِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَضَاءٌ وَ لَا يَوْمُهُمُ الَّذِي أَسْلَمُوا فِيهِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونُوا أَسْلَمُوا قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a people who accept Islam in the month of Ramadan from which several days have passed; if there is any fast upon them of the past days or that it is just the day in which they accepted Islam. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are not obligated for

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ لَا إِلَّا فِيمَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِهِ خُرُوجٌ إِلَى مَكَّةَ أَوْ غَزْوٌ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَوْ مَالٌ تَخَافُ هَلَاكَهُ أَوْ أَخٌ تُرِيدُ وَدَاعَهَ وَ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ أَخاً مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about commencing a journey when the month of Ramadan has just arrived. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, except that which I tell you. Traveling to Makkah, travelling in an armed expedition for the cause of Allah, for protection of an asset that is feared for its destruction, and to say far

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَدْخُلُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ مُقِيمٌ لَا يُرِيدُ بَرَاحاً[1] ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لَهُ بَعْدَ مَا يَدْخُلُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ أَنْ يُسَافِرَ فَسَكَتَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ فَقَالَ يُقِيمُ أَفْضَلُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ لَا بُدَّ مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ فِيهَا أَوْ يَتَخَوَّفَ عَلَى مَالِهِ‌[2].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who when the month of Ramadan arrives is at home and does not want to travel; then it occurs to him, when it is the month of Ramadan, to travel. He (the Imam) remained quiet and I asked several times then he (the Imam) said, ‘Staying home is better unless he has a certai

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ‌ قَالَ مَا أَبْيَنَهَا مَنْ شَهِدَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَ مَنْ سَافَرَ فَلَا يَصُمْهُ‌[4].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, ‘Whoever among you is present (at home) in the month of Ramadan must fast.’ (2:185) He (the Imam) said, ‘It cannot be more vivid than this, those present must fast and those on a journey must not fast.’”

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مَرْضَى أُمَّتِي وَ مُسَافِرِيهَا بِالتَّقْصِيرِ وَ الْإِفْطَارِ أَ يَسُرُّ أَحَدَكُمْ إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ بِصَدَقَةٍ أَنْ تُرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ.

The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said that Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has granted a charity to those of my followers who are not in good health and those on a journey to reduce their Salat (prayer) and stop fasting. Does

الصَّائِمُ فِي السَّفَرِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ كَالْمُفْطِرِ فِيهِ فِي الْحَضَرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى النَّبِيَّ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَقَالَ لَا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ عَلَيَّ يَسِيرٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مَرْضَى أُمَّتِي وَ مُسَافِرِيهَا بِالْإِفْطَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَ يُعْجِبُ أَحَدَكُمْ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who fasts on a journey in the month of Ramadan is like one who invalidates his fast while at home.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Once a man came to the Holy prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, and asked, “O Messenger

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ خِيَارُ أُمَّتِي الَّذِينَ إِذَا سَافَرُوا أَفْطَرُوا وَ قَصَّرُوا وَ إِذَا أَحْسَنُوا اسْتَبْشَرُوا وَ إِذَا أَسَاءُوا اسْتَغْفَرُوا وَ شِرَارُ أُمَّتِي الَّذِينَ وُلِدُوا فِي النِّعَمِ وَ غُذُّوا بِهِ يَأْكُلُونَ طَيِّبَ الطَّعَامِ وَ يَلْبَسُونَ لَيِّنَ الثِّيَابِ وَ إِذَا تَكَلَّمُوا لَمْ يَصْدُقُوا.

The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, “The virtuous among my followers are those who, when on a journey, stop fasting and reduce their Salat (prayer), when receiving a favor they take it as good news and when doing a sin ask for

إِذَا خَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُسَافِراً أَفْطَرَ وَ قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ مَعَهُ النَّاسُ وَ فِيهِمُ الْمُشَاةُ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى كُرَاعِ الْغَمِيمِ‌[2] دَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ فَشَرِبَ وَ أَفْطَرَ ثُمَّ أَفْطَرَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ وَ ثَمَّ أُنَاسٌ عَلَى صَوْمِهِمْ فَسَمَّاهُمُ الْعُصَاةَ وَ

‘When a man goes out on a journey in the month of Ramadan he stops fasting.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once in the month of Ramadan left al-Madinah for Makkah along with people, among them were those who wa

سَمَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَوْماً صَامُوا حِينَ أَفْطَرَ وَ قَصَّرَ عُصَاةً وَ قَالَ هُمُ الْعُصَاةُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ إِنَّا لَنَعْرِفُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَ أَبْنَاءَ أَبْنَائِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِنَا هَذَا[1].

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, named a people ‘disobedient’ when they fasted when he stopped fasting and reduced his Salat (prayer).’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘They are disobedient till this day and

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مَاتَ صَائِماً فِي السَّفَرِ مَا صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘If a man while on a journey and fasting dies, I will not perform Salat (prayer) (of dead people) for him.’”

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ صَامَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَلَغَهُ فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ عَلَيْهِ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who fasts on journey. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he is informed that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited fasting on a journey, he is required to complete its Qada’ (compensatory f

مَنْ صَامَ فِي السَّفَرِ بِجَهَالَةٍ لَمْ يَقْضِهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who fasts on a journey because of ignorance is not required to complete its Qada’ (compensatory fast)/”

إِذَا سَافَرَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَفْطَرَ وَ إِنْ صَامَهُ بِجَهَالَةٍ لَمْ يَقْضِهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one travels in the month of Ramadan he must stop fasting; but if he fasts because of ignorance, he is not required to complete its Qada’ (compensatory fast).”

الْمُكَارِي وَ الْجَمَّالُ الَّذِي يَخْتَلِفُ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مُقَامٌ يُتِمُّ الصَّلَاةَ وَ يَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Mule and camel owners who transport people on hire and frequently travel to certain places and have no station (permanent residence), must perform their Salat (prayer) complete, and fast in the month of Ramadan.”’

لَا يُفْطِرُ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا فِي سَبِيلِ حَقٍ‌[1].

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), has said, ‘One must not stop fasting in the month of Ramadan except in the way of truth.’”

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ مَنْ سَافَرَ قَصَّرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلًا سَفَرُهُ إِلَى صَيْدٍ[2] أَوْ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ أَوْ رَسُولًا لِمَنْ يَعْصِي اللَّهَ أَوْ فِي طَلَبِ شَحْنَاءَ[3] أَوْ سِعَايَةِ ضَرَرٍ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مُسْلِمِينَ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘On a journey one must reduce Salat (prayer) and stop fasting unless one’s journey is because of hunting or it is in disobedience to Allah or is a messenger of one who disobeys Allah or is for seeking enmity and has slanderous reasons to cause harms to Muslims.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُشَيِّعُ أَخَاهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَيَبْلُغُ مَسِيرَةَ يَوْمٍ أَوْ مَعَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ إِخْوَانِهِ أَ يُفْطِرُ أَوْ يَصُومُ قَالَ يُفْطِرُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who escorts his brother in the month of Ramadan until he travels the distance of one day’s journey or with a man from his brothers if he is required to fast. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is required to stop fasting.’”

إِنْ كَانَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ قُلْتُ أَيُّمَا أَفْضَلُ يَصُومُ أَوْ يُشَيِّعُهُ قَالَ يُشَيِّعُهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ وَضَعَهُ عَنْهُ.

“This is about the case of a man who escorts his brother for a distance of one, two or three days’ journey. One of the two Imam, (abu Ja’far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘If it is in the month of Ramadan, he must stop fasting.’ I then asked which is more virtuous, fasting or escorting. He (the Imam)

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي قَدْ جَاءَنِي خَبَرُهُ مِنَ الْأَعْوَصِ‌[4] وَ ذَلِكَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَتَلَقَّاهُ وَ أُفْطِرُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ أَتَلَقَّاهُ وَ أُفْطِرُ أَوْ أُقِيمُ وَ أَصُومُ قَالَ تَلَقَّاهُ وَ أَفْطِرْ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of one of my friends who has come to al- ’A‘was in the month of Ramadan; if I can go to meet him and stop fasting. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, you can do so.’ I then asked, ‘Should I go to meet him and stop fasting or stay home and fast?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘You should go

قُلْتُ الرَّجُلُ يُشَيِّعُ أَخَاهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ الْيَوْمَ وَ الْيَوْمَيْنِ- قَالَ يُفْطِرُ وَ يَقْضِي قِيلَ لَهُ فَذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ أَوْ يُقِيمُ وَ لَا يُشَيِّعُهُ قَالَ يُشَيِّعُهُ وَ يُفْطِرُ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ حَقٌّ عَلَيْهِ.

“I asked about a man who escorts his brother in the month of Ramadan for a distance of one day’s journey or two days.“ He (the Imam) said, ‘He should break his fast and complete its Qada’ (compensatory fast).’ It then was asked, ‘Is escorting more virtuous or is staying home to fast more virtuous?‘ He replied, ‘Escorti

خَرَجَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي أَيَّامٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَكَانَ يَصُومُ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَأَفْطَرَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ تَصُومُ شَعْبَانَ وَ تُفْطِرُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ شَعْبَانُ إِلَيَّ إِنْ شِئْتُ صُمْتُ وَ إِنْ شِئْتُ لَا[1] وَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ عَزْمٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَلَيَّ الْإِفْطَارُ.

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), commenced a journey just a few days before the end of the month of al-Sha‘ban and he (the Imam) was fasting. The month of Ramadan then started while he (the Imam) was still on his journey but he stopped fasting. He (the Imam) was asked, ‘How is it that you have been fasting in the month of

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَصُومُ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثَةَ الْأَيَّامِ فِي الشَّهْرِ فَرُبَّمَا سَافَرْتُ وَ رُبَّمَا أَصَابَتْنِي عِلَّةٌ فَيَجِبُ عَلَيَّ قَضَاؤُهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ لِي إِنَّمَا يَجِبُ الْفَرْضُ فَأَمَّا غَيْرُ الْفَرْضِ فَأَنْتَ فِيهِ بِالْخِيَارِ قُلْتُ بِالْخِيَارِ فِي السَّفَرِ وَ الْمَرَضِ قَالَ فَقَالَ الْمَرَضُ قَدْ وَضَعَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عَنْكَ وَ السَّفَرُ إِنْ شِئْتَ فَاقْضِهِ وَ إ

“I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), that I fast these three days of the month but perhaps I travel or become ill, am I required to complete its Qada’ (compensatory fast)? He (the Imam) said, ‘Qada’ (compensatory fast) is obligatory for obligatory fast which is missed. In the case of optional fast it is up to you.’ I

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ صَوْمِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فِي الشَّهْرِ هَلْ فِيهِ قَضَاءٌ عَلَى الْمُسَافِرِ قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of the three days’ fasting every month, if Qada’ (compensatory fast) is required from a traveler. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he is not required to fast.’”

قُلْتُ لِلرِّضَا ع أُرِيدُ السَّفَرَ فَأَصُومُ لِشَهْرِيَ الَّذِي أُسَافِرُ فِيهِ قَالَ لَا قُلْتُ فَإِذَا قَدِمْتُ أَقْضِيهِ قَالَ لَا كَمَا لَا تَصُومُ كَذَلِكَ لَا تَقْضِي‌[3].

“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), that I like to travel; can I fast in the month in which I am on a journey? He (the Imam) said, ‘No, you cannot do so.’ ‘Can I complete its Qada’ (compensatory fast) when I come home?’ I asked. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, just as you cannot fast in the same way you cannot carry out its Qada’

كُنْتُ مَعَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِيمَا بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي شَعْبَانَ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ ثُمَّ رَأَيْنَا هِلَالَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَأَفْطَرَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَمْسِ كَانَ عَنْ شَعْبَانَ وَ أَنْتَ صَائِمٌ وَ الْيَوْمُ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَنْتَ مُفْطِرٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّ ذَاكَ تَطَوُّعٌ وَ لَنَا أَنْ نَفْعَلَ مَا شِئْنَا وَ هَذَا فَرْضٌ فَلَيْسَ لَنَا أَنْ نَفْعَلَ إِلَّا مَا أُمِرْنَا.

“I once was with abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), between Makkah and al-Madinah in the month of al-Sha‘ban and he (the Imam) was fasting; then we saw the crescent of the month of Ramadan and he (the Imam) stopped fasting. I then said, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, yesterday was of the month of al-Sh

فَقَالَ إِنْ خَرَجَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَنْتَصِفَ النَّهَارُ فَلْيُفْطِرْ وَ لْيَقْضِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ فَلْيُتِمَّ يَوْمَهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who comes out of his house to travel and he is fasting. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has come out before midday he is required to stop fasting and complete its Qada’ (compensatory fast) but if he has come out after Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime),

إِذَا خَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ أَتَمَّ الصِّيَامَ فَإِذَا خَرَجَ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ أَفْطَرَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one comes out for a journey in the month of Ramadan after Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) one is required to complete his fast. If one comes out before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime), then one must stop fasting.’”

إِنْ خَرَجَ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ فَلْيُفْطِرْ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ فَلْيَصُمْ وَ قَالَ يُعْرَفُ ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِ عَلِيٍّ ع أَصُومُ وَ أُفْطِرُ حَتَّى إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ عُزِمَ عَلَيَّ يَعْنِي الصِّيَامَ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who travels in the month of Ramadan, if he is required to fast or stop fasting. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he goes out before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime), he stops fasting; and if he goes out after Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at

إِذَا سَافَرَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَخَرَجَ بَعْدَ نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ فَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ يَعْتَدُّ بِهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَإِذَا دَخَلَ أَرْضاً قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ وَ هُوَ يُرِيدُ الْإِقَامَةَ بِهَا فَعَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فَإِنْ دَخَلَ بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ‌ الْفَجْرِ فَلَا صِيَامَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man travels in the month of Ramadan and goes out after midday, he is required to fast that day and count it as that of the month of Ramadan. If he enters a place before dawn and wants to stay there (for ten days), he must fast that day, but if he enters after dawn, there he is no

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقْدَمُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ حَتَّى يَرَى أَنَّهُ سَيَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ ضَحْوَةً[2] أَوِ ارْتِفَاعَ النَّهَارِ فَقَالَ إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ وَ هُوَ خَارِجٌ وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ أَهْلَهُ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about a man who comes home from a journey in the month of Ramadan until he can see that he is about to arrive home at noon or when the day is high. He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is dawn and he has not yet arrived in his family, it then is up to him to fast or not to fast.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقْدَمُ مِنْ سَفَرٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَيَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ أَوِ ارْتِفَاعَ النَّهَارِ قَالَ إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ وَ هُوَ خَارِجٌ وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ أَهْلَهُ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about a man who comes from his journey and arrives in his family when it is morning and the day is high. He (the Imam) said, ‘If it is dawn and he is not yet arrived in his family, then he has the choice to fast or not to fast.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَدِمَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ لَمْ يَطْعَمْ شَيْئاً قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ قَالَ يَصُومُ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about a man who comes home from a journey in the month of Ramadan before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) and has not tasted any food as yet. He (the Imam) said, ’He is required to fast.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُسَافِرٍ دَخَلَ أَهْلَهُ قَبْلَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ وَ قَدْ أَكَلَ قَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ يَوْمَهُ ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً وَ لَا يُوَاقِعُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ.

“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who arrives in his family before Zawal (declining of the sun toward the west at noontime) and has used food already. He (the Imam) said, ’It is not proper for him to eat anything that day and he must not fall (for sexual relation) on his wife, if he has a wife.’”

قَالَ‌[5]: فِي الْمُسَافِرِ الَّذِي يَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ قَدْ أَكَلَ قَبْلَ دُخُولِهِ قَالَ يَكُفُّ عَنِ الْأَكْلِ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ وَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَ قَالَ فِي الْمُسَافِرِ يَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ وَ هُوَ جُنُبٌ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَكَلَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ يَعْنِي‌[6] إِذَا كَانَتْ جَنَابَتُهُ مِنِ احْتِلَامٍ.

“He (the Imam) (a.s.), about a man who arrives from a journey in his family in the month of Ramadan and has already used food before his arrival, he (the Imam) said, that he must abstain from eating for the rest of the day and he is required to complete its Qada’ (compensatory fasting).’ About a traveler who arrives in

إِذَا قَدِمْتَ أَرْضاً وَ أَنْتَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تُقِيمَ بِهَا عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَصُمْ وَ أَتِمَّ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تُقِيمَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَأَفْطِرْ مَا بَيْنَكَ وَ بَيْنَ شَهْرٍ فَإِذَا بَلَغَ الشَّهْرُ فَأَتِمَّ الصَّلَاةَ وَ الصِّيَامَ وَ إِنْ قُلْتَ أَرْتَحِلُ غُدْوَةً.

‘If you arrive in a land where you want to stay for ten days, you must fast. You must perform your Salat (prayer) complete, but if you want to stay for less than ten days, then stop fasting. You can continue until a month and when your stay becomes one month, then complete your Salat (prayer) and fast even if you say,