سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ لَا تَحْلِفُوا بِاللَّهِ صَادِقِينَ وَ لَا كَاذِبِينَ فَإِنَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- وَ لا تَجْعَلُوا اللَّهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمانِكُمْ[1].
’Do not swear by Allah, regardless, you are truthful or not truthful; Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, “Do not swear by Allah unnecessarily.’” (2:224)”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مَنْ أَجَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَحْلِفَ بِهِ أَعْطَاهُ اللَّهُ خَيْراً مِمَّا ذَهَبَ مِنْهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘One who delays in swearing by Allah, He grants him better than what he has lost because of the delay.’”
اجْتَمَعَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ إِلَى عِيسَى ع فَقَالُوا لَهُ يَا مُعَلِّمَ الْخَيْرِ أَرْشِدْنَا فَقَالَ لَهُمْ إِنَّ مُوسَى نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ أَمَرَكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَحْلِفُوا بِاللَّهِ كَاذِبِينَ وَ أَنَا آمُرُكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَحْلِفُوا بِاللَّهِ كَاذِبِينَ وَ لَا صَادِقِينَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the disciples gathered around Jesus (a.s.), and said, ‘O teacher of good, give us advice.’ He said to them, ‘Musa, the Prophet of Allah has commanded you not to swear by Allah falsely, but I command you not to swear by Allah, regardless, you are truthful or false.’”
لِسَدِيرٍ يَا سَدِيرُ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ كَاذِباً كَفَرَ وَ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ صَادِقاً أَثِمَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- وَ لا تَجْعَلُوا اللَّهَ عُرْضَةً لِأَيْمانِكُمْ.
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying to Sadir, ‘O Sadir, one who swears by Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, falsely as well as one who swears by Allah truthfully has sinned; Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, ‘Do not swear by Allah, unless you are obligated.’ (2:224)”
مِنْ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَوْلًى لَهُ يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ عِنْدَكَ امْرَأَةً تَبَرَّأُ مِنْ جَدِّكَ فَقُضِيَ لِأَبِي أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا فَادَّعَتْ عَلَيْهِ صَدَاقَهَا فَجَاءَتْ بِهِ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمَدِينَةِ تَسْتَعْدِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمَدِينَةِ يَا عَلِيُّ إِمَّا أَنْ تَحْلِفَ وَ إِمَّا أَنْ تُعْطِيَهَا [حَقَّهَا] فَقَالَ لِي قُمْ يَا بُنَيَّ فَأَعْطِهَا أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَقُل
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once spoke to me about his father (a.s.). He (the Imam) was with a woman of al-Khawarij, I (the narrator) think he said, ‘banu Hanifah.’ His mawla (friend or servant) said to him (the Imam), ‘O child of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their se
إِذَا ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْكَ مَالٌ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَلَيْكَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُحَلِّفَكَ فَإِنْ بَلَغَ مِقْدَارَ ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَماً فَأَعْطِهِ وَ لَا تَحْلِفْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَاحْلِفْ وَ لَا تُعْطِهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If someone brings a claim against you for a certain amount of assets which you do not owe to him, and he wants to make you to take an oath, if it is less than thirty dirham, you must pay and must not take an oath, but if it is more than that you can take an oath and do not give the as
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ كَاذِبٌ فَقَدْ بَارَزَ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one takes an oath which he knows is false he has opposed Allah, most Majestic, most 0100005 .’”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْيَمِينُ الصَّبْرُ الْفَاجِرَةُ تَدَعُ الدِّيَارَ بَلَاقِعَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Swearing falsely and sinfully for a binding purpose leaves the town barren.’”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِيَّاكُمْ وَ الْيَمِينَ الْفَاجِرَةَ فَإِنَّهَا تَدَعُ الدِّيَارَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا بَلَاقِعَ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘You must never take sinfully a false oath because it leaves the town barren.’”
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْيَمِينُ الصَّبْرُ الْكَاذِبَةُ تُورِثُ الْعَقِبَ الْفَقْرَ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Taking an oath which is false and binding causes poverty consequently.’”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَلَكاً رِجْلَاهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ السُّفْلَى مَسِيرَةَ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَامٍ وَ رَأْسُهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ الْعُلْيَا مَسِيرَةَ أَلْفِ سَنَةٍ يَقُولُ سُبْحَانَكَ سُبْحَانَكَ حَيْثُ كُنْتَ فَمَا أَعْظَمَكَ قَالَ فَيُوحِي اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَيْهِ مَا يَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ مَنْ يَحْلِفُ بِي كَاذِباً.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Allah has an angel whose legs are on the lowest earth. The length of his leg is a distance of five hundred years’ journey and his head is in the highest
إِنَّ يَمِينَ الصَّبْرِ الْكَاذِبَةَ تَتْرُكُ الدِّيَارَ بَلَاقِعَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A binding oath which is false leaves the town barren.’”
الْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ[2] يُنْتَظَرُ بِهَا أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One who takes a sinful oath can wait only for forty nights (before being struck by misfortune).”’
الْيَمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ الَّتِي تُوجِبُ النَّارَ الرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى حَقِّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ عَلَى حَبْسِ مَالِهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Taking an oath sinfully is that which subjects one to the fire whereby a man holds back the right of a Muslim by seizing his assets.”’
إِنَّ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّ الْيَمِينَ الْكَاذِبَةَ وَ قَطِيعَةَ الرَّحِمِ تَذَرَانِ الدِّيَارَ بَلَاقِعَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا وَ تُنْغِلُ الرَّحِمَ يَعْنِي انْقِطَاعَ النَّسْلِ[3].
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that it is in the book of Ali (a.s.), that false oath and cutting off of good relations with relatives leave a town barren, empty of its inhabitants and destroys the reproducing continuum.’”
إِنَّ الْيَمِينَ الْفَاجِرَةَ تُنْغِلُ فِي الرَّحِمِ قَالَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا مَعْنَى تُنْغِلُ فِي الرَّحِمِ قَالَ تُعْقِرُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Sinful and false oath turns the womb barren.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the meaning of the Arabic word ‘TunghiV . He (the Imam) said that it means turning fruitless.”
إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى خَلَقَ دِيكاً أَبْيَضَ عُنُقُهُ تَحْتَ الْعَرْشِ وَ رِجْلَاهُ فِي تُخُومِ الْأَرْضِ السَّابِعَةِ لَهُ جَنَاحٌ فِي الْمَشْرِقِ وَ جَنَاحٌ فِي الْمَغْرِبِ لَا تَصِيحُ الدُّيُوكُ حَتَّى يَصِيحَ فَإِذَا صَاحَ خَفَقَ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ قَالَ فَيُجِيبُهُ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى فَيَقُولُ لَا يَ
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that Allah, most Blessed, most High, has created a white rooster whose neck is under the throne and its legs in the center of the seventh earth, its one wing is in the east and one wing in the west. Other roosters do not crow until it crows. When it wants to crow it flaps its wings and says
مَنْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمِ اهْتَزَّ لِذَلِكَ عَرْشُهُ إِعْظَاماً لَهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one says, “Allah knows”, when he does not know something, the Throne of Allah vibrates as a sign of expressing His greatness.”’
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِذَا قَالَ الْعَبْدُ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ وَ كَانَ كَاذِباً قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَ مَا وَجَدْتَ أَحَداً تَكْذِبُ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرِي.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a servant says, “Allah has the knowledge” and he is not truthful in what he says, then Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, says, “Why did you not find someone other than Me to ascribe a lie to him?”’”
مَنْ قَالَ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمِ اهْتَزَّ الْعَرْشُ إِعْظَاماً لَهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one says, “Allah has the knowledge”, when he does not know something, the Throne of Allah vibrates as a sign of expressing His greatness.’”
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا تَحْلِفُوا إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ وَ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ فَلْيَصْدُقْ وَ مَنْ حُلِفَ لَهُ بِاللَّهِ فَلْيَرْضَ وَ مَنْ حُلِفَ لَهُ بِاللَّهِ فَلَمْ يَرْضَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Do not swear except by Allah and one who swears by Allah must be considered truthful. One must agree with an oath by Allah. If one does n
مَنْ حَلَفَ بِاللَّهِ فَلْيَصْدُقْ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَصْدُقْ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَ مَنْ حُلِفَ لَهُ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلْيَرْضَ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَرْضَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one swears by Allah it must be considered true, if one does not believe he is not of Allah. One must agree with an oath by Allah, if he does do so he is not of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”
سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص رَجُلًا يَقُولُ أَنَا بَرِيءٌ مِنْ دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَيْلَكَ إِذَا بَرِئْتَ مِنْ دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَعَلَى دِينِ مَنْ تَكُونُ قَالَ فَمَا كَلَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص حَتَّى مَاتَ.
“The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once heard a man saying, T disown the religion of Muhammad.’ The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, then asked saying, ‘
قَالَ لِي يَا يُونُسُ لَا تَحْلِفْ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ مِنَّا فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ حَلَفَ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ مِنَّا صَادِقاً أَوْ كَاذِباً فَقَدْ بَرِئَ مِنَّا.
“He (the Imam) (a.s.), said to me, ‘O Yunus, do not swear to disown us, because if one does so, true or false, he is cut off from us.’”
الْأَيْمَانُ ثَلَاثٌ يَمِينٌ لَيْسَ فِيهَا كَفَّارَةٌ وَ يَمِينٌ فِيهَا كَفَّارَةٌ وَ يَمِينٌ غَمُوسٌ تُوجِبُ النَّارَ فَالْيَمِينُ الَّتِي لَيْسَ فِيهَا كَفَّارَةٌ الرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ عَلَى بَابِ بِرٍّ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَهُ فَكَفَّارَتُهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَهُ وَ الْيَمِينُ الَّتِي تَجِبُ فِيهَا الْكَفَّارَةُ الرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى بَابِ مَعْصِيَةٍ أَنْ لَا يَفْعَلَهُ فَيَفْعَلُهُ فَتَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الْكَفَّارَةُ
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Swearing is of three kinds. There is one kind of swearing, which does not require expiation, the kind that requires expiation, and the false swearing which causes the fire. The kind, which does not require expiation, is the swearing in which one has sworn by Allah for a good cause not
قَالَ: لَا يَمِينَ لِلْوَلَدِ مَعَ وَالِدِهِ وَ لَا لِلْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا وَ لَا لِلْمَمْلُوكِ مَعَ سَيِّدِهِ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘There is no oath between a son and his father, a woman and her husband and between a slave and his master.’”
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ لَا يَجُوزُ يَمِينٌ فِي تَحْلِيلِ حَرَامٍ وَ لَا تَحْرِيمِ حَلَالٍ وَ لَا قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ.
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘It is not permissible to take an oath to make an unlawful matter lawful, a lawful matter unlawful or to cut off good relations with relatives.’”
لَا يَجُوزُ يَمِينٌ فِي تَحْلِيلِ حَرَامٍ وَ لَا تَحْرِيمِ حَلَالٍ وَ لَا قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It is not permissible to take an oath to make an unlawful matter lawful, a lawful matter unlawful or to cut off good relations with relatives.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ فَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ وَ لَا يَمِينَ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَحْلَفَهُ السُّلْطَانُ بِالطَّلَاقِ وَ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ فَحَلَفَ قَالَ لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يَخَافُ عَلَى مَالِهِ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ فَيَحْلِفُ لِيَنْجُوَ بِهِ مِنْهُ قَالَ لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ يَحْلِف
“I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a man who takes an oath to cut off relations with relatives. He (the Imam) said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘A vow for an unlawful matter is not valid
سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْمَشْيَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ وَ الْهَدْيَ قَالَ وَ حَلَفَ بِكُلِّ يَمِينٍ غَلِيظٍ أَلَّا أُكَلِّمَ أَبِي أَبَداً وَ لَا أَشْهَدَ لَهُ خَيْراً وَ لَا يَأْكُلَ مَعِي عَلَى الْخِوَانِ أَبَداً وَ لَا يَأْوِيَنِي وَ إِيَّاهُ سَقْفُ بَيْتٍ أَبَداً قَالَ ثُمَّ سَكَتَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَ بَقِيَ شَيْءٌ قَالَ لَا جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ قَالَ
“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked, when I was listening, about the case of a man who has made obligatory upon himself to walk to the House of Allah and the offering animal, he has taken an oath in all severity not to ever speak to his father, testify about anything good for him. Never eat with him on one table or
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا يَمِينَ لِوَلَدٍ مَعَ وَالِدِهِ وَ لَا لِمَمْلُوكٍ مَعَ مَوْلَاهُ وَ لَا لِلْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا وَ لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ وَ لَا يَمِينَ فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘There is no swearing between a man and his father, a slave and his master, and between a woman and her husband. There is no vow for unlawful matters and
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ جَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ أَيْمَاناً أَنْ يَمْشِيَ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ أَوْ صَدَقَةً أَوْ عِتْقاً أَوْ نَذْراً أَوْ هَدْياً إِنْ هُوَ كَلَّمَ أَبَاهُ أَوْ أُمَّهُ أَوْ أَخَاهُ أَوْ ذَا رَحِمٍ أَوْ قَطْعَ قَرَابَةٍ أَوْ مَأْثَماً فِيهِ يُقِيمُ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ أَمْراً لَا يَصْلُحُ لَهُ فِعْلُهُ فَقَالَ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ قَبْلَ الْيَمِينِ وَ لَا يَمِينَ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ.
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has taken an oath. He takes an oath to walk to al-Ka’bah or to pay charity or free a slave, vow, or to offer an offering animal if he speaks to his father or mother or his brother or a relative. Alternatively, he takes an oath to cut off relation with re
ادْنِي يَا فُلَانَةُ فَكُلِي مَعِي فَقَالَتْ لَا فَحَلَفَتْ وَ جَعَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا الْمَشْيَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اللَّهِ وَ عِتْقَ مَا تَمْلِكُ وَ أَلَّا يُظِلَّهَا وَ إِيَّاهَا سَقْفُ بَيْتٍ وَ لَا تَأْكُلَ مَعَهَا عَلَى خِوَانٍ أَبَداً فَقَالَتِ الْأُخْرَى مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ فَحَمَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ حَنْظَلَةَ إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع مَقَالَتَهُمَا فَقَالَ أَنَا قَاضٍ فِي ذَا قُلْ لَهَا فَلْتَأْكُلْ وَ لْيُظِلَّهَا وَ إِيَّاهَا سَق
“A woman of the family of al-Mukhtar took an oath against her sister or a relative. She asked her to join her for food but she refused. She then took an oath and made it upon her-self to walk to the house of Allah, free a slave and never to live under one roof with her or eat with her on one table, and the other one di
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَقُولُ عَلَيَّ نَذْرٌ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ شَيْئاً قَالَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who says there is a vow on him but does not specify anything. He (the Imam) said, ‘He does not owe anything.’”
إِنْ سَمَّى فَهُوَ الَّذِي سَمَّى وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُسَمِّ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ.
“About the case of a man who makes a vow on himself from Allah but does not specify, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If he specifies it then it is on him, if he has not specified then he does not owe anything.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِلَّهِ عَلَيَّ الْمَشْيُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ إِنِ اشْتَرَيْتُ لِأَهْلِي شَيْئاً بِنَسِيئَةٍ فَقَالَ أَ يَشُقُّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ نَعَمْ يَشُقُّ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ لَا يَأْخُذَ لَهُمْ شَيْئاً بِنَسِيئَةٍ قَالَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ لَهُمْ بِنَسِيئَةٍ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ.
“I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man who says, ‘It is on me to walk to al-Ka’bah if I can buy certain things for my family on credit. He (the Imam) asked, ‘Is that difficult on them?’ I replied, ‘Yes, it is difficult for them not to take for them anything on credit.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He must ta
فِي رَجُلٍ حَلَفَ بِيَمِينٍ أَنْ لَا يَتَكَلَّمَ ذَا قَرَابَةٍ لَهُ قَالَ لَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ فَلْيُكَلِّمِ الَّذِي حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ وَ قَالَ كُلُّ يَمِينٍ لَا يُرَادُ بِهَا وَجْهُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ[1] فِي طَلَاقٍ أَوْ عِتْقٍ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ جَعَلَتْ مَالَهَا هَدْياً لِبَيْتِ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَعَارَتْ مَتَاعَهَا لِفُلَانَةَ وَ فُلَانَةَ فَأَعَارَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِهَا بِغَيْرِ أَمْرِهَا
“About the case of a man who takes an oath not to speak to a certain relative, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘It does not have any valid effect. He must speak to one about whom he has taken an oath not to speak.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘Any oath which is not for the sake of Allah does not have any valid effect, wh
كُلُّ يَمِينٍ لَا يُرَادُ بِهَا وَجْهُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فِي طَلَاقٍ أَوْ عِتْقٍ فَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Any oath which is not for the sake of Allah, most High, in divorce or freeing slaves does not have any valid effect.’”
قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَحْلِفُ بِالْأَيْمَانِ الْمُغَلَّظَةِ أَنْ لَا يَشْتَرِيَ لِأَهْلِهِ شَيْئاً قَالَ فَلْيَشْتَرِ لَهُمْ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ فِي يَمِينِهِ.
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who takes an oath very seriously not to buy for his family. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must buy for them and he does not owe anything because of his oath.’”
وَ اللَّهِ لَقَدْ قَالَ لِي جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ع إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَّمَ نَبِيَّهُ التَّنْزِيلَ وَ التَّأْوِيلَ فَعَلَّمَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلِيّاً ع قَالَ وَ عَلَّمَنَا وَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ مَا صَنَعْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ أَوْ حَلَفْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ يَمِينٍ فِي تَقِيَّةٍ فَأَنْتُمْ مِنْهُ فِي سَعَةٍ.
“By Allah, Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, said to me that Allah taught Tamil and Taw’il (what was revealed and what it meant) to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, who taught it to Ali (a.s.).’ He (the Imam) said, ‘He by Allah
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَا يَمِينَ فِي غَضَبٍ وَ لَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ وَ لَا فِي جَبْرٍ وَ لَا فِي إِكْرَاهٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ فَمَا فَرْقٌ بَيْنَ الْإِكْرَاهِ وَ الْجَبْرِ قَالَ الْجَبْرُ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ وَ يَكُونُ الْإِكْرَاهُ مِنَ الزَّوْجَةِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْأَبِ وَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِشَيْءٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Taking an oath in anger does not have any valid effect or to cut off relations with relatives, by Jabr (force) or Ikrah (coercion, dislike).’ I (the narrator) then asked saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, what is the difference between forced and coerced?’ He (the Imam) said,
قَالَ: لَا يَمِينَ فِي غَضَبٍ وَ لَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ وَ لَا فِي إِجْبَارٍ وَ لَا فِي إِكْرَاهٍ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ فَمَا الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَ الْإِكْرَاهِ وَ الْإِجْبَارِ قَالَ الْإِجْبَارُ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ وَ يَكُونُ الْإِكْرَاهُ مِنَ الزَّوْجَةِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ الْأَبِ وَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِشَيْءٍ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘An oath in anger or to cut off relations with relatives, by Jabr (force) or Ikrah (coercion, dislike) does not have any valid effect.’ I (the narrator) then asked saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep you well, what is the difference between forced and coerced?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Force
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى ع إِنِّي كُنْتُ اشْتَرَيْتُ جَارِيَةً سِرّاً مِنِ امْرَأَتِي وَ إِنَّهُ بَلَغَهَا ذَلِكَ فَخَرَجَتْ مِنْ مَنْزِلِي وَ أَبَتْ أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِي فَأَتَيْتُهَا فِي مَنْزِلِ أَهْلِهَا فَقُلْتُ لَهَا إِنَّ الَّذِي بَلَغَكِ بَاطِلٌ وَ إِنَّ الَّذِي أَتَاكِ بِهَذَا عَدُوٌّ لَكِ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَفِزَّكِ[1] فَقَالَتْ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا يَكُونُ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ خَيْرٌ أَبَداً
“I once said to abu al-Hassan, Musa (a.s.), that I had bought a slave-girl secretly because of my wife and when she found out she went out of my home and refused to come back. I met her in the house of her people and said that what she has heard is false and the person who has told her is her enemy who wants to remove
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- لا يُؤاخِذُكُمُ اللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمانِكُمْ[2] قَالَ اللَّغْوُ قَوْلُ الرَّجُلِ لَا وَ اللَّهِ وَ بَلَى وَ اللَّهِ وَ لَا يَعْقِدُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ.
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, about the meaning of the words of Allah, ‘. . . Allah will not hold you responsible for your meaningless oaths.’ (2:225) Al-Laghw, (meaningless) is a reference to a man’s saying, ‘La wa Allah, (No, by Allah) Bala waAllah-i, (yes, by Allah)’ and it does not make anything bind
إِذَا حَلَفَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَ الَّذِي حَلَفَ عَلَيْهِ إِتْيَانُهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ تَرْكِهِ فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَ لَا كَفَّارَةَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ مِنْ خُطُواتِ الشَّيْطانِ*.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one takes an oath about something when doing it is better than not doing it, he must do what is better and there is no expiation on him, it is only of the temptations of Satan.”’
مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى غَيْرَهَا خَيْراً مِنْهَا فَأَتَى ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينِهِ وَ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one takes an oath to do something then finds another thing better which he does, it is the expiation for his oath and he gains one good deed.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ فَيَرَى أَنَّ تَرْكَهَا أَفْضَلُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْهَا خَشِيَ أَنْ يَأْثَمَ أَ يَتْرُكُهَا فَقَالَ أَ مَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا رَأَيْتَ خَيْراً مِنْ يَمِينِكَ فَدَعْهَا.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who vows to do a certain thing then finds out that not doing it is better. If he disregards it, he is afraid of committing a sin. Can he disregard it? He (the Imam) said, ‘Have you not heard the words of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to
مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَرَأَى مَا هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا فَلْيَأْتِ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ وَ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one takes an oath to do something then finds another thing better which he does, he must do that which is better; he gains one good deed.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَحْلِفُ عَلَى الْيَمِينِ فَيَرَى أَنَّ تَرْكَهَا أَفْضَلُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْهَا خَشِيَ أَنْ يَأْثَمَ أَ يَتْرُكُهَا فَقَالَ أَ مَا سَمِعْتَ قَوْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا رَأَيْتَ خَيْراً مِنْ يَمِينِكَ فَدَعْهَا.
“If you find something better than that for which you have taken an oath you can disregard it.’””
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ وَ سُئِلَ عَمَّا يَجُوزُ وَ عَمَّا لَا يَجُوزُ مِنَ النِّيَّةِ عَلَى الْإِضْمَارِ فِي الْيَمِينِ فَقَالَ قَدْ يَجُوزُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ وَ لَا يَجُوزُ فِي آخَرَ فَأَمَّا مَا يَجُوزُ فَإِذَا كَانَ مَظْلُوماً فَمَا حَلَفَ بِهِ وَ نَوَى الْيَمِينَ فَعَلَى نِيَّتِهِ وَ أَمَّا إِذَا كَانَ ظَالِماً فَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى نِيَّةِ الْمَظْلُومِ.
“I once heard abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), when he (the Imam) was asked about what is lawful and what is not lawful about intention and what is in one’s mind, saying, ‘In certain times it is lawful and in certain times it is not lawful. The lawful case is when one is oppressed in which case his oath is based on his intentio