رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ رِئَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي
"Indeed, Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, has ruled differently regarding your blood than He (swt) has regarding your wealth. In matters of wealth, the ruling is that the burden of proof is upon the claimant, and the oath is upon the one against whom the claim is made. However, in matters of blood, the ruling is that
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع سَأَلَنِي عِيسَى بْنُ مُوسَى وَ ابْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ مَعَهُ عَنِ الْقَتِيلِ يُوجَدُ فِي أَرْضِ الْقَوْمِ وَحْدَهُمْ فَقُلْتُ وَجَدَ الْأَنْصَارُ رَجُلًا فِي سَاقِيَةٍ مِنْ سَوَاقِي خَيْبَرَ[2] فَقَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ الْيَهُودُ قَتَلُوا صَاحِبَنَا فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَكُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ فَقَالُوا لَا فَقَالَ أَ فَتُقْسِمُونَ قَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ كَيْفَ نُقْسِمُ عَلَى مَا لَمْ نَرَهُ
Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Isa ibn Musa and Ibn Shubrumah asked me about a murdered person found alone in the land of a people. I (Abu Abdullah (as)) said to them: The Ansar once found a man in one of the irrigation channels of Khaybar. The Ansar said: 'The Jews have killed our companion.' The Messenger of Allah (swt) as
وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَشْيَاخِهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع
"The Commander of the Faithful (as) was asked about a man who was sitting with a group of people and died while among them, or a man who was found dead in a tribe or near the house of some people, and they were accused of his death. Imam (as) said: 'There is no retaliation (qisas) upon them, nor is his blood wasted. Ho
إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ لِيُغَلَّظَ بِهَا فِي الرَّجُلِ الْمَعْرُوفِ بِالشَّرِّ الْمُتَّهَمِ فَإِنْ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُمْ[4].
"The practice of Qasamah (the collective oath) was established to impose severity upon a man known for evil and who is suspected. If they testify against him, their testimony is accepted."
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقَسَامَةِ أَيْنَ كَانَ بَدْؤُهَا فَقَالَ كَانَ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص لَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ خَيْبَرَ تَخَلَّفَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَرَجَعُوا فِي طَلَبِهِ فَوَجَدُوهُ مُتَشَحِّطاً فِي دَمِهِ قَتِيلًا فَجَاءَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَتَلَتِ الْيَهُودُ صَاحِبَنَا فَقَالَ لِيُقْسِمْ مِنْكُمْ خَمْسُونَ
Hadith.5179 - Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah from Abu Basir: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about Qasamah (the collective oath) - where did it originate? Imam (as) said: "It began with the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family). After the conquest of Khaybar, a man from the Ansar
يُقَاسُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَأَيَّتُهُمَا كَانَتْ إِلَيْهِ أَقْرَبَ ضُمِّنَتْ[2].
Hadith.5180 - Samaah asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who is found murdered in a village or between two villages. Imam (as) said: "The distance between them should be measured, and whichever of the two is closer to him will be held responsible."
إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ احْتِيَاطاً لِلنَّاسِ لِكَيْمَا إِذَا أَرَادَ الْفَاسِقُ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ رَجُلًا أَوْ يَغْتَالَ رَجُلًا حَيْثُ لَا يَرَاهُ أَحَدٌ خَافَ ذَلِكَ فَامْتَنَعَ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ[3].
"The practice of Qasamah was established as a precaution for people so that if a wicked person intended to kill or assassinate someone where no one could see him, he would fear this ruling and refrain from committing murder."