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الکافی- ط الاسلامیة

الكافي- ط الاسلامية

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بَابُ نِكَاحِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ وَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يُسْلِمُ بَعْضُهُمْ وَ لَا يُسْلِمُ بَعْضٌ أَوْ يُسْلِمُونَ جَمِيعاً

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ هَاجَرَ وَ تَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَحِقَتْ بِهِ بَعْدُ أَ يُمْسِكُهَا بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ أَوْ تَنْقَطِعُ عِصْمَتُهَا قَالَ يُمْسِكُهَا وَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ‌.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who migrates and leaves his wife with the pagans, then afterward she joins him; if he can keep her with first marriage or her safety is cut off. He (the Imam) said, ’He can keep her and she is his wife.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]لا خلاف في جواز نكاح الكتابية استدامة و انما الخلاف في الابتداء و لا يبطل النكاح بالسلامة سواء كان قبل الدخول او بعده.( آت)ص 435

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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إِذَا أَسْلَمَتِ امْرَأَةٌ وَ زَوْجُهَا عَلَى غَيْرِ الْإِسْلَامِ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ هَاجَرَ وَ تَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَحِقَتْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ أَ يُمْسِكُهَا بِالنِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ أَوْ تَنْقَطِعُ عِصْمَتُهَا قَالَ بَلْ يُمْسِكُهَا وَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ‌.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd Allah ibn Sinan who has said the following: “Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a woman becomes Muslim and she is married in a way that is an un-Islamic way, they must be separated.’ I then asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man who migrates and leaves his wife among the pagans, then she joins him; if he can keep her with the first marriage or that her safety is cut off. He (the Imam) said, ‘He can keep her; she is his wife.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 2

[2]« هاجر» حمل على أن المعنى اسلم و لا حاجة إليه.( آت)ص 435

[3]قوله:« فرق بينهما» أي منع الزوج من مقاربتها حتّى يتبين أمر إسلامه بانقضاء العدة كما بين في الخبر الآتي و لم يرد به فراق البينونة المحضة.( فى)ص 435

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ عَنْ أَبَانٍ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ‌ حَازِمٍ قَالَ:

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سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَجُوسِيٍّ أَوْ مُشْرِكٍ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَأَسْلَمَ أَوْ أَسْلَمَتْ قَالَ يُنْتَظَرُ بِذَلِكَ انْقِضَاءُ عِدَّتِهَا وَ إِنْ هُوَ أَسْلَمَ أَوْ أَسْلَمَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا فَهُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا الْأَوَّلِ وَ إِنْ هُوَ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ الْعِدَّةُ فَقَدْ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Aban from Mansur ibn Hazim who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is a Majusiy (Zoroastrian) or a pagan, other than the people of the book, who had a woman, he becomes a Muslim or she become a Muslim. He (the Imam) said, ‘He waits for completion of waiting period if he is a Muslim or she becomes a Muslim before waiting period is complete then they remain with their first marriage; and if he does not become a Muslim when the waiting period is complete, she becomes stranger to him.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع‌ فِي نَصْرَانِيٍّ تَزَوَّجَ نَصْرَانِيَّةً فَأَسْلَمَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا قَالَ

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قَدِ انْقَطَعَتْ عِصْمَتُهَا مِنْهُ وَ لَا مَهْرَ لَهَا وَ لَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهَا مِنْهُ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

4. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following: “About the case of a man who is a Christian and marries a Christian woman who then becomes a Muslim before his going to bed with her, abu al-Hassan (a.s.), has said, ‘The hindrance from him on her way is removed, she has no mahr (dower) and no waiting period because of him.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

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أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ:

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سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ أَوْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَرْبِ يَتَزَوَّجُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا امْرَأَةً وَ أَمْهَرَهَا خَمْراً وَ خَنَازِيرَ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَا فَقَالَ النِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ حَلَالٌ لَا يَحْرُمُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْخَمْرِ وَ لَا مِنْ قِبَلِ الْخَنَازِيرِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهَا الْخَمْرَ وَ الْخَنَازِيرَ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَسْلَمَا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهَا شَيْئاً مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَ لَكِنْ يُعْطِيهَا صَدَاقَهَا.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

5. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Muhammad ibn Yahya from Talhah ibn Zayd who has said the following: “A man once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of two men of taxpayers or of those in the state of war who each married a woman and assigned a mahr (dower) in the form of wine and pigs; then they became Muslims. He (the Imam) said, ‘Marriage is permissible and lawful and it does not become unlawful because of wine and pigs.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘If they both become Muslims he must pay her something, that is, he must pay her mahr (dower).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]اذا عقد الذميان على ما لا يملك في شرعنا كالخمر و الخنزير صح فان أسلما أو أحدهما قبل التقابض لم يجز دفع المعقود عليه لخروجه من ملك المسلم و المشهور انه يجب القيمة عند مستحليه و قيل بوجوب مهر المثل و هذا الخبر في الأخير اظهر.( آت) و في بعض النسخ‌[ يعطيها صداقا].ص 436

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عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ النَّوْفَلِيِّ عَنِ السَّكُونِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ

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قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ فِي مَجُوسِيَّةٍ أَسْلَمَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا زَوْجُهَا فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لِزَوْجِهَا أَسْلِمْ فَأَبَى زَوْجُهَا أَنْ يُسْلِمَ فَقَضَى لَهَا عَلَيْهِ نِصْفَ الصَّدَاقِ وَ قَالَ لَمْ يَزِدْهَا الْإِسْلَامُ إِلَّا عِزّاً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfaliy from al-Sakuniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that about the case of a Zoroastrian woman who became a Muslim before he went to bed with her ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), said to her husband to become a Muslim, but he refused so he (the Imam) judged in her favor half of the mahr (dower) and said, ‘Islam has not brought to her anything but honor.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[2]لعله محمول على التقية بقرينة الراوي و منهم من حمل على الاستحباب و فيه ما فيه و المشهور عدم المهر مطلقا إذا كان قبل الدخول.( آت)ص 436

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مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ فِي مَجُوسِيٍّ أَسْلَمَ وَ لَهُ سَبْعُ نِسْوَةٍ وَ أَسْلَمْنَ مَعَهُ كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ

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يُمْسِكُ أَرْبَعاً وَ يُطَلِّقُ ثَلَاثاً.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Hilal from ‘Uqbah ibn Khalid who has said the following: “About the case of a Zoroastrian man who became a Muslim and he had seven wives who also became Muslims, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘He could keep four and divorce three of them/”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[3]المشهور بل المتفق عليه أن الكافر إذا اسلم عن أكثر من أربع يختار اربعا و ينفسخ عقد البواقي و يمكن أن يقرأ« يطلق» من باب الافعال او يحمل على التطليق اللغوى.( آت)ص 436

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ‌:

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الذِّمِّيُّ تَكُونُ لَهُ الْمَرْأَةُ الذِّمِّيَّةُ فَتُسْلِمُ امْرَأَتُهُ قَالَ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهَا بِالنَّهَارِ وَ لَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهَا بِاللَّيْلِ قَالَ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمَ الرَّجُلُ وَ لَمْ تُسْلِمِ الْمَرْأَةُ يَكُونُ الرَّجُلُ عِنْدَهَا بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّهَارِ.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

8. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a taxpayer man who had a taxpayer wife and she became a Muslim, he (the Imam) said, ‘She is his wife who stays with him during the day but not during the night.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If the man becomes a Muslim he stays with her during the night as well as the day.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[1]كذا.ص 437

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عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَوْهَرِيِّ عَنْ رُومِيِّ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ:

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قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع النَّصْرَانِيُّ يَتَزَوَّجُ النَّصْرَانِيَّةَ عَلَى ثَلَاثِينَ دَنّاً مِنْ خَمْرٍ وَ ثَلَاثِينَ خِنْزِيراً ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا قَالَ يَنْظُرُ كَمْ قِيمَةُ الْخَمْرِ وَ كَمْ قِيمَةُ الْخَنَازِيرِ فَيُرْسِلُ بِهَا إِلَيْهَا ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا وَ هُمَا عَلَى نِكَاحِهِمَا الْأَوَّلِ‌.

Read English translationMuhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn

9. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from his father from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al- Jawhariy from Rumiy ibn Zurarah who has said the following: ‘This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is a Christian and marries a Christian woman for thirty sacks of wine and thirty pigs; then they become Muslims and he has not yet gone to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must find out how much the value of wine and pigs is. He must send them to her, then he can go to bed with her and they remain with their first marriage.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

الهوامش · 1

[2]الدن: الراقود العظيم او أطول من الحب أو اصغر.( القاموس)ص 437