Prohibition on Speaking without Knowledge.

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad and ‘Abdallah (both) sons of Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Sayf ibn ‘Umayra from Mufaddal ibn Yazid that Abu ‘Abdillah (al-Sadiq) (as) said: "I would like to warn you about two forms of behavior that lead a man to destruction. I prohibit you from dealing with Allah on the basis of falsehood and from giving fatwa to people without knowledge.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife in a Hayd (menses)-free period and without sexual intercourse and asks one man to bear witness on that day, then after five days asks another man to bear witness. He (the Imam) said, ‘He is commanded to arrange witnesses together.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a man dies and leaves behind sons, the eldest son receives the sword, coat of arms, the ring and his (holy) book. If something happens to him then such items belong to the eldest son.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa ibn ‘Ubayd from Yunus ibn ’Abd al-Rahman from ’Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj who has said the following. “Imam abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) has said, ‘Beware of two forms of behavior. It is such behaviors that have lead many people to their destruction. Beware of giving fatwa to people on the basis of your own opinion and to follow a religion without knowledge.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from Ziyad ibn Suqah who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), was asked about a man who experiences sexual relation with his wife or slave-girl and she finds a great deal of blood discharge that does not stop, not even for one day. What must she do for her Salah (prayer)? He (the Imam) said, ’She must keep a piece of cotton, if blood is found in the form of a circle around it, it is blood because of virginity. She must take Ghusl (bath), keep the piece of cotton and perform Salah (prayer). If blood is found to have dipped into the piece of cotton, it is because of Hayd (menses), in which case she must stop performing Salah (prayer) during the days of her Hayd (menses).”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ahmad ibn al-Nadr al-Khazzaz from ‘Amr ibn Shamir from Jabir who has said the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once said to Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah, “O Jabir, this is the month of Ramadan. Anyone who fasts during its days, stands for salat (prayer) during its nights, maintains his stomach and private parts chastely and controls his tongue, comes out of his sins just like his coming out of the month.” Jabir then said, “How beautiful is this Hadith, O the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause.” The Messenger of Allah said, “O Jabir, how strict these conditions are!”’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah has narrated from Ahmad ibn abu ‘Abd Allah from ‘Abdul ibn Malik from Harun ibn al-Jahm from al-Kahiliy from Mu‘adh, Bayya‘ al-Akyisah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, would milk his family’s goat.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from Ali Ahmad ibn ‘Ushaym who has said the following: “I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man whose wife becomes clean of Hayd (menses) and he says, ‘So and so is ‘Taliq’ (let go, divorced) and a people hears his statement but he does not say, “Bear witness”; if divorce takes place or not. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is bearing witness. Can she be left in suspense?”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn ’Udhaynah from certain persons of his people who has narrated the following: “One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘If a man leaves behind a sword and arms and sons, such items belong to the eldest son.”’

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn al-Ri’ab from Abu ‘Ubayda al-Hadhdha’ that Abu Ja’far (al-Baqir) (as) said, “Whoever gives a fatwa (a religious verdict) to people without knowledge and guidance, the angels of mercy and the angels of punishment curse him. The burden of those who act upon his fatwa will fall upon him."

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Muhammad ibn Yahya in a marfu‘ manner has narrated from Aban who has said the following: “I once said to abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), a young woman of our people has a wound in her vagina. She finds bleeding but does not know if it is because of Hayd (menses) or because of the wound and blood flows. He (the Imam) said, ‘Instruct her to lie down on her back, raise her legs and place her middle finger inside. If blood comes from the right side, it is because of Hayd (menses); if it comes from the left side, it is because of the wound.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man whose wife becomes clean of Hayd (menses) and he comes to a group of people and says, ‘So and so is ‘Taliq’ (let go, divorced)’ if divorce takes place or not but he has not asked them to bear witness. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, divorce takes place.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. A number of our people has narrated has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from al-Hassan ibn Ali al-Washshi’ from Aban al-Ahmar from Ziyad ibn abu Raja’ from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following. “What you know you may speak it up but what you do not know say, ‘Allah knows best’. A man refers to a verse in the holy Quran and gives it a meaning that is farther from the truth than the heavens are from earth.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub, from abu Ayyub, from al-Fudayl ibn Yasar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that if anyone of you fasts for three days of a month, you should not quarrel with anyone or act ignorantly. He should not be hasty to swear or to swear by Allah, and if anyone else may act ignorantly, he should exercise forbearance.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

4. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Safwan ibn Yahya who has said the following: “Abu al-Hassan, al-Rida’ (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man whose wife becomes clean of Hayd (menses) and he says this: ‘So and so is ‘Taliq’ (let go, divorced) and a people hears his statement but he does not ask them to bear witness: if divorce takes place or not, he (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, is bearing witness.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Muhammad ibn ‘Isma’il has narrated from al-Fadl ibn Shadhan from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Ri’ab‘i ibn ‘Abdallah from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) who has said the following. “It is very proper for a scholar to say, ‘Allah knows best’ if he does not know. This is not for a none scholar.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

5. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Harun ibn Muslim from Mas'adah ibn Sadaqah from Abu ‘Abdillah from his ancestors (AS), he said: The Messenger of Allah (sw) said, "There is no righteous servant who is insulted and responds by saying, 'I am fasting, may peace be upon you, I do not insult you as you have insulted me,' except that the Lord, Blessed and Exalted, says, 'My servant has sought protection in fasting from the evil of My servant; thus, I grant him protection from the Fire.'"

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz ibn ‘Abdallah from Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) who has said the following. “If one of you would be asked of what he does not know he must say, ‘I have no knowledge and he must not say, “Allah knows best” because it may create doubts in the hearts of his audience. If the person questioned would say, “I do not know his audience will not accuse him of anything.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

6. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Hammad ibn ‘Uthman and others who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You must not read poems during the night. You must not read poems in the month of Ramadan during the night or during the day.’ Isma‘il then said, ‘Father, but it is in our praise.’ The Imam said, ‘Even if it is in our praise, do not read poems.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

7. Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘alla ibn Muhammad from Ali ibn Asbat from Ja’far ibn Sama‘a from several persons, from aban, from Zurara ibn A‘yan who has said the following. “I asked Imam abu Ja‘far (a.s.) this, ‘What are the rights of Allah on people?’” The Imam (a.s.) replied, “They must say what they know and abstain from saying anything that they have no knowledge of.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

7. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ali ibn al-Husayn from Muhammad ibn ‘Ubayd from ‘Ubayd ibn Harun who has said that abu Yazid narrated to us from Husayn who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ‘In the month of Ramadan you should increase asking forgiveness from Allah and offering prayer before Him. Prayers repel misfortunes, and asking forgiveness deletes your sins.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Yunus (ibn ’Abd al-Rahman) from abu Ya’qub Ishaq ibn ‘Abdallah from abu ‘Abdallah (a.s.) who has said the following. “Allah has addressed His servants in two verses of the holy Quran very particularly: Did they not make a covenant (with God) in the Book not to speak any thing other than the Truth about God and to study its contents well? They call a lie something that is beyond the limit of their knowledge and whose interpretation has not yet been revealed . .” (10:39)

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

9. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yunus from Dawad ibn Farqad from someone he narrated tht Ibn Shubruma said, "I have never mentioned a hadith that I heard from Ja'far ibn Muhammad (as) except that my heart almost trembles." He said, “My father narrated from my grandfather that Rasulullah (sw) said, ‘Those who act on the basis of analogy (qiyas), will face their destruction and lead others to their destruction. Those who give fatwas (religious verdicts) without knowledge, is unaware of abrogating and the abrogated, the clear text and that which requires interpretation, they will face destruction and lead others to their destruction.'"

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

9. Ali ibn Muhammad has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khalid from al-Washsha’ from Ali ibn abu Hamzah from abu Basir who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘Fasting is not abstaining from food and drink only. Mary had said, “I have made a vow before the Beneficent to fast,” meaning thereby to remain silent. You must control your tongues and cast down your eyes. You must not be jealous and you must not quarrel. Jealousy consumes belief just as fire consumes fire wood.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from Mansur ibn Yunus from abu Basir who has said the following: “I heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), say, ‘Speaking lies invalidates Wudu’ and fasting.’ I (the narrator) then said, ‘We are destroyed.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not the way you think it is. It means speaking lies against Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Glorious, His Messenger and ’A’immah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

11. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Musa from Ghiyath from Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Allah dislikes the existence of six things with me. I dislike such things to exist in the executors of the will in my descendants and their followers after me. One such matter is carnal relations during fasting.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

3. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Husayn ibn Sa‘id from al-Nadr ibn Suwayd, from al- Qasim ibn Sulayman, from Jarrah al-Mada’iniy who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that fasting is not fasting from food and drink only.” He then said, “Mary had said, ‘I have made a vow (promise) before the Beneficent to fast,’ meaning not to speak to anyone and remain silent, according to another script. When you fast, you should control your tongue, cast down your eyes, you must not quarrel and you must not be jealous.” The Imam then said, “The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, once heard a woman abusing her fasting servant. The Messenger of Allah asked for food and then asked the woman to eat. She said, ’I am fasting.’ He then said, ‘How can you be fasting while speaking words of abuse against your housemaid? Fasting is not fasting from food and drink only.’” He (the narrator) has said, that abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, then said, “When you fast, your ears and eyes must also stop committing unlawful acts and evil matters. You must not quarrel or hurt your servant. You must maintain the dignity of fasting and you must not make your day of fasting just like another day.”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.

8. It is narrated from him (narrator of previous Hadith) who has said the following: “Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, in the month of Ramadan would not speak anything other than prayer, Tasbih (Allah is free of all defects), ’Istighfar, (O Allah, I appeal before You for forgiveness) and Takhir (Allah is great beyond description). After breaking his fast, he would say, ‘O Allah, if You want to do something, You just do it without fail.’”

Translation: Muhammad Sarwar — attributed by Thaqalayn·The Arabic above is the original.