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Hadith.3507 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab, from Zurara, who said: I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), about Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bears a child for her master). Imam (as) said: "She is a slave. She can be sold, inherited, and gifted, and her legal ruling is the same as that of a slave."
[2]قوله عليه السلام« أمة» أي ليس محض الاستيلاد سببا لعدم جواز البيع بل تباع في بعض الصور كما لو مات ولدها أو في ثمن رقبتها و غير ذلك من المستثنيات، و هو ردّ على العامّة حيث منعوا من بيعها مطلقا، و أمّا كونها موروثة فيصح مع وجود الولد أيضا فانها تجعل في نصيب ولدها ثمّ تعتق، و قوله عليه السلام« حدها حدّ الأمة» يحتمل وجهين أحدهما أن يكون المعنى حكمها في سائر الأمور حكم الأمة، تأكيدا لما سبق، و ثانيهما أنّها إذا فعلت ما يوجب الحدّ فحكمها فيه حكم الأمة.ص 138
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Hadith.3508 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Wahb ibn Abd Rabbih, from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who married his Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bore him a child) to his slave, and then the master died. Imam (as) said: "She has no choice regarding the slave. She remains a slave belonging to the heirs."
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Hadith.3509 - In a narration from Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Mahbub, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Isa, from Al-Bazanti, from Abdullah ibn Sinan, he said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who dies and leaves behind an Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bore him a child) and has a child from her. Can another man marry her? Imam (as) said: "I was informed that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), instructed regarding the Umm al-Walad women he had relations with: 'Whoever among them has borne a child, she becomes the share of her child. And whoever has not borne a child, she is set free.' And those who had children were assigned to their children to ensure that they would not marry except with the permission of their family."
[1]قوله« يطوف عليهن» كناية عن الوطى، و في بعض النسخ هنا و ما يأتي« فمن كان فيهن».ص 139
[2]لما جعلت المرأة حرة من نصيب الولد يكون الولد كالمعتق لها و مولى لها فلا ينبغي أن تنكح الا باذن ولدها فالنهى في قوله« لكيلا تنكح» نهى تنزيه لا نهى تحريم.ص 139
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Hadith.3510 - Sulaiman ibn Dawud Al-Minqari narrated from Abdul Aziz ibn Muhammad, who said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as), or I heard him say: "A free woman is not compelled to breastfeed the child, but an Umm al-Walad (a female slave who bore her master a child) is compelled."
[3]رواه الشيخ في التهذيب و الاستبصار ج 4 ص 178 باسناد ذكره عن سليمان بن خالد عن أبي عبد اللّه عليه السلام.ص 139
[4]قال الشيخ: الوجه في هذا الخبر أن أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام كان يفعل على طريق التطوع لانا قد بينا أن الزوجة إذا كانت حرة و لم يكن هناك وارث لم يكن لها أكثر من الربع و الباقي يكون للامام و إذا كان المستحق للمال أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام جاز أن يشترى الزوجة و يعتقها و يعطيها بقية المال تبرعا و ندبا دون أن يكون فعل ذلك واجبا لازما.ص 139
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Hadith.3512 - Umar ibn Yazid narrated from Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)), who said: I said to him: "May I ask you a question?" Imam (as) replied: "Ask." I asked: "Why did Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, sell the mothers of children (Umm al-Walad)?" Imam (as) said: "To free them from slavery." I asked: "How was that?" Imam (as) said: "If a man purchased a bondwoman and she bore him a child, but he did not pay her price and did not leave enough wealth to pay for her, her child would be taken from her, and she would be sold to pay her price." I asked: "Is she sold for any other debt besides this?" Imam (as) said: "No."
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Hadith.3513 - Asim narrated from Muhammad ibn Qays, who narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), that Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, said: "Any man who leaves behind a concubine (surriyah) who has a child, or is pregnant with a child, or has no child, then if her master had freed her, she is free. But if he did not free her before his death, then the Book of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, has already decided her case, and the Book of Allah (swt) is more deserving to be followed." Imam (as) continued: "If she has a child and the man leaves wealth, then she is to be placed under the share of her child, and the guardians of the child shall keep her until the child grows up. At that point, the child has the right to free her if they wish. Meanwhile, the guardians inherit the child's wealth as long as she remains a slave. If her child frees her, she becomes free. However, if her child dies without freeing her, the guardians have the option to either keep her as a slave or free her." "Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, also ruled concerning a man who left behind a bondwoman who had borne him a daughter. The daughter was still young but capable of speaking. The daughter then freed her mother. The guardians of the father's estate disputed this matter, but Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, upheld the daughter's act of freeing her mother."
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Hadith.3514 - Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id narrated from Safwan ibn Yahya, who narrated from al-Walid ibn Hisham: "I came from Egypt with some slaves, and when I passed by the tax collector (al-'Ashir), he asked me about them. I said: 'They are all free.' When I arrived in Medina, I went to Abu al-Hasan (as), and informed him about what I had told the tax collector. Imam (as) said: 'There is nothing upon you.' I then said: 'Among them is a bondwoman with whom I had relations, and she is pregnant.' Imam (as) replied: 'Isn't her child the one who will free her? When her master dies, she becomes the share of her child.'"
[4]العاشر هو الذي يأخذ العشور من الرقيق و غيره من الأموال.ص 140
[5]أي ليس عليك من تحرير الرقيق شيء.ص 140
[6]قوله« لا» أي ليس عليك شيء من تحريرها فلا يتحرر بذلك بل انها يتحرر باعتاق ولدها اياها، و ظاهر هذا الحديث أن أم الولد لا تعتق الا باعتاق ولدها اياها، و يمكن حمل الاعتاق على أن الولد يصير سببا لعتقها فيكون اسناد الاعتاق الى الولد مجازا.( مراد).ص 140