Children & Parenting

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع إِذِ اسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَسَلَّمَ فَرَحَّبَ بِهِ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ أَدْنَاهُ وَ سَاءَلَهُ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِّي خَطَبْتُ إِلَى مَوْلَاكَ فُلَانِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ ابْنَتَهُ فُلَانَةَ فَرَدَّنِي وَ رَغِبَ عَنِّي وَ ازْدَرَأَنِي لِدَمَامَتِي وَ حَاجَتِي وَ غُرْبَتِي وَ قَدْ دَخَلَنِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ غَضَاضَةٌ هَجْمَةٌ غُضَّ لَهَا

1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from Malik ibn ‘Atiyyah from abu Hamzah al-Thumaliy who has said the following: “I once was with abu Ja’far when a man asked permission for a meeting. He came in and offered Salam (the phrase of offering greeting of peace). Ab

أَتَى رَجُلٌ النَّبِيَّ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ عِنْدِي مَهِيرَةُ الْعَرَبِ وَ أَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَقْبَلَهَا وَ هِيَ ابْنَتِي قَالَ فَقَالَ قَدْ قَبِلْتُهَا قَالَ فَأُخْرَى‌[2] يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ وَ مَا هِيَ قَالَ لَمْ يَضْرِبْ عَلَيْهَا صُدْغٌ قَطُّ[3] قَالَ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهَا وَ لَكِنْ زَوِّجْهَا مِنْ جِلْبِيبٍ‌[4] قَالَ فَسَقَطَ رِجْلَا الرَّجُلِ مِمَّا دَخَلَهُ‌[5] ثُمَّ أَتَى أُمَّهَا فَأَخْبَر

2. Certain persons of our people have narrated from Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Salih al-Taymuliy from Ayyub ibn Nuh from Muhammad ibn Sinan from a man who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that once a man came to the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص زَوَّجَ- مِقْدَادَ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ ضُبَاعَةَ ابْنَةَ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَ إِنَّمَا زَوَّجَهُ لِتَتَّضِعَ الْمَنَاكِحُ وَ لِيَتَأَسَّوْا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ لِيَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ أَكْرَمَهُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاهُمْ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, arranged a marriage between Miqdad ibn al-Aswad and Duba‘ah daughter of al-Zubayr ibn ‘ Abd al-Muttalib. He (the Messenger of Allah) did so only to explain the rul

إِنَّمَا زَوَّجَهَا الْمِقْدَادَ لِتَتَّضِعَ الْمَنَاكِحُ وَ لِيَتَأَسَّوْا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ لِتَعْلَمُوا أَنَ‌ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقاكُمْ‌ وَ كَانَ الزُّبَيْرُ أَخَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لِأَبِيهِمَا وَ أُمِّهِمَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, arranged a marriage between Miqdad ibn al-Aswad and Duba‘ah daughter of al-Zubayr ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib.’ He (the Imam) then said, ‘He (the Messenger of Allah) arra

كَانَ لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ عَيْنٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَكْتُبُ إِلَيْهِ بِأَخْبَارِ مَا يَحْدُثُ فِيهَا وَ إِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع أَعْتَقَ جَارِيَةً ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَهَا فَكَتَبَ الْعَيْنُ‌ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ فَكَتَبَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي تَزْوِيجُكَ مَوْلَاتَكَ وَ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ فِي أَكْفَائِكَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ مَنْ تَمَجَّدُ ب

“‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan had a spy in al-Madinah who reported to him from time to time about things that happened there. Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.), set free one of his slave-girls and then married with her. The spy reported this to ‘Abd al-Malik who wrote to Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.), in a letter that said, ‘Thereafter,

لَمَّا خَطَبَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّهَا صَبِيَّةٌ قَالَ فَلَقِيَ الْعَبَّاسَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا لِي أَ بِي بَأْسٌ قَالَ وَ مَا ذَاكَ قَالَ خَطَبْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ أَخِيكَ فَرَدَّنِي أَمَا وَ اللَّهِ لَأُعَوِّرَنَّ زَمْزَمَ‌[4] وَ لَا أَدَعُ لَكُمْ مَكْرُمَةً إِلَّا هَدَمْتُهَا وَ لَأُقِيمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ شَاهِدَيْنِ بِأَنَّهُ سَرَقَ وَ لَأَقْطَعَنَّ يَمِينَهُ فَأَتَاهُ الْعَبَّاسُ فَأَخْبَرَهُ وَ سَ

‘When he (Umar) proposed marriage with ‘Umm Kulthum, ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), said, ‘She is yet just a child.’ He (Umar) has said that he saw al-‘Abbas and asked, ‘What is wrong with me, is there something wrong with me?’ He (al-‘Abbas) asked, ‘What is the matter?’ He replied saying, ‘I proposed marriage before the so

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مَنْ زَوَّجَ كَرِيمَتَهُ مِنْ شَارِبِ الْخَمْرِ فَقَدْ قَطَعَ رَحِمَهَا[1].

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one gives his daughter in marriage to a man who drinks wine, he has cut off the relation that relatives are commanded to maintain.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَتَزَوَّجُ بِمُرْجِئَةٍ أَوْ حَرُورِيَّةٍ قَالَ لَا عَلَيْكَ بِالْبُلْهِ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ قَالَ زُرَارَةَ فَقُلْتُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا هِيَ إِلَّا مُؤْمِنَةٌ أَوْ كَافِرَةٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَيْنَ أَهْلُ ثَنْوَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌[1] قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَصْدَقُ مِنْ قَوْلِكَ‌ إِلَّا الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الرِّجالِ وَ النِّساءِ وَ الْوِلْدانِ لا يَسْتَطِيعُو

2. Abu Ali al-Ash’ariy has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar from Safwan ibn Yahya from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muskan from Yahya al-Halabiy from ‘Abd al-Hamid al-Ta’iy from Zurarah ibn ‘A‘yan who has said the following: “This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), if I can marry a Murji’ah or Harawriya

كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ وَ لَهُ مِنْهَا ابْنٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ فَدَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهَا مَوْلَاةٌ لِثَقِيفٍ فَقَالَتْ لَهَا مَنْ زَوْجُكِ هَذَا قَالَتْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَتْ فَإِنَّ لِذَلِكِ أَصْحَاباً بِالْكُوفَةِ قَوْمٌ يَشْتِمُونَ السَّلَفَ وَ يَقُولُونَ قَالَ فَخَلَّى سَبِيلَهَا قَالَ فَرَأَيْتُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَدِ اسْتَبَانَ عَلَيْهِ وَ تَضَعْضَعَ مِنْ جِسْمِهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ قَالَ فَقُلْ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), had a wife from the people of Thaqif and from her he (the Imam) had a son called Ibrahim. A slave-girl from Thaqif came to her and asked, ‘Who is your husband?’ She replied, ‘He is Muhammad ibn Ali.’ She then said, ‘That is why in al-Kufah there are people who insult the ancestors and say...’ He (th

سَأَلَهُ أَبِي وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ فَقَالَ نِكَاحُهُمَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ نِكَاحِ النَّاصِبِيَّةِ وَ مَا أُحِبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ الْيَهُودِيَّةَ وَ لَا النَّصْرَانِيَّةَ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَتَهَوَّدَ وَلَدُهُ أَوْ يَتَنَصَّرَ.

“My father once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about marriage with the Jews and Christians when I was listening. He (the Imam) said, ‘Marriage with them in my view is better than marriage with al-Nasibah (people hostile to ‘A’immah) and I do not like a Muslim man’s marriage with a Jewish woman or a Christian woman becaus

إِنْ لَمْ يَخَفِ الْعَيْبَ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ.

‘If he is not afraid of the stigma for his children, it is not unlawful.”’

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَلَدُ الزِّنَا يُنْكَحُ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لَا يُطْلَبُ وَلَدُهَا.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about marriage with one born out of wedlock. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, but her children are not wanted.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنِ الْخَبِيثَةِ يَتَزَوَّجُهَا الرَّجُلُ قَالَ لَا وَ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ أَمَةٌ وَطِئَهَا وَ لَا يَتَّخِذْهَا أُمَّ وَلَدِهِ.

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man if he could marry the filthy (prostitute). He (the Imam) said, ‘No, he cannot do so.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he has a slave-girl with whom he has gone to bed but she must not be taken as the mother of his children.’” (He must use contraceptives)

سُئِلَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْخَادِمُ وَلَدَ زِنًى عَلَيْهِ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ يَطَأَهَا قَالَ لَا وَ إِنْ تَنَزَّهَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ.

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who has a servant born out of wedlock; if he can go to bed with her. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, if he stays clean of that, it is more likeable to me.’”

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ص‌ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ تَزْوِيجَ الْحَمْقَاءِ فَإِنَّ صُحْبَتَهَا بَلَاءٌ وَ وُلْدَهَا ضِيَاعٌ.

’Beware of marriage with dimwitted ones, living with her is a tragedy and her children are a loss.’”

زَوِّجُوا الْأَحْمَقَ وَ لَا تُزَوِّجُوا الْحَمْقَاءَ فَإِنَّ الْأَحْمَقَ يَنْجُبُ وَ الْحَمْقَاءَ لَا تَنْجُبُ.

“Abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘You can give in marriage to a dimwitted man but do not marry a dimwitted woman; a dimwitted man can have children (healthy ones) but a dimwitted woman cannot.”’

سَأَلَهُ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنِ الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ تُعْجِبُهُ الْمَرْأَةُ الْحَسْنَاءُ أَ يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا وَ هِيَ مَجْنُونَةٌ قَالَ لَا وَ لَكِنْ إِنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ أَمَةٌ مَجْنُونَةٌ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَطَأَهَا وَ لَا يَطْلُبَ وَلَدَهَا.

“Certain persons of our people once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a Muslim man who likes a beautiful woman; if he can marry her and she is insane. He (the Imam) said, ’No, however, if he has an insane slave-girl he can go to bed with her but must not seek her children (he must use contraceptives).”’

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ لَا خَيْرَ فِي وَلَدِ الزِّنَا وَ لَا فِي بَشَرِهِ وَ لَا فِي شَعْرِهِ وَ لَا فِي لَحْمِهِ وَ لَا فِي دَمِهِ وَ لَا فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْهُ عَجَزَتْ عَنْهُ السَّفِينَةُ وَ قَدْ حُمِلَ فِيهَا الْكَلْبُ وَ الْخِنْزِيرُ.

There is no goodness in one who is born out of wedlock, not in his skin, his hair, his flesh, his blood and not in anything of him, the Ark (of Noah) failed to carry him even though dogs and pigs had embarked therein.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا جَلَبَ وَ لَا جَنَبَ وَ لَا شِغَارَ[1] فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَ الشِّغَارُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ ابْنَتَهُ أَوْ أُخْتَهُ وَ يَتَزَوَّجَ هُوَ ابْنَةَ الْمُتَزَوِّجِ أَوْ أُخْتَهُ وَ لَا يَكُونَ بَيْنَهُمَا مَهْرٌ غَيْرُ تَزْوِيجِ هَذَا مِنْ هَذَا وَ هَذَا مِنْ هَذَا.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘In Islam al-Jalb, al-Janb and Shighar are not permissible. Shighar is one man’s giving in marriage his daughter or sister to another man to m

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنْ نِكَاحِ الشِّغَارِ وَ هِيَ الْمُمَانَحَةُ[2] وَ هُوَ أَنْ يَقُولَ الرَّجُلُ لِلرَّجُلِ زَوِّجْنِي ابْنَتَكَ حَتَّى أُزَوِّجَكَ ابْنَتِي عَلَى أَنْ لَا مَهْرَ بَيْنَهُمَا.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, prohibited marriage in the manner of Shighar which is giving away and it is done by one man’s saying to the other man, ‘Give your daughter in marriage to me so tha

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَ يَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّ وَلَدِ أَبِيهَا فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ بَلَغَنَا عَنْ أَبِيكَ أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ ع تَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع وَ أُمَّ وَلَدِ الْحَسَنِ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا سَأَلَنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ لَيْسَ هَكَذَا إِنَّمَا تَزَوَّجَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع ابْنَةَ الْحَسَنِ وَ

“I once asked al-Rida’ (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman then marries the mother of the child of her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’ I then asked, ‘It is narrated to us from your father (a.s.), that Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.), married, daughter of al-Hassan ibn Ali (a.s.), and mother o

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ وَ يَتَزَوَّجُ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ لِأَبِيهَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries a woman and a mother of the child of her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.”’

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَهَبُ لِزَوْجِ ابْنَتِهِ الْجَارِيَةَ وَ قَدْ وَطِئَهَا أَ يَطَؤُهَا زَوْجُ ابْنَتِهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

“I once asked abu al-Hassan (a.s.), about the case of a man who gives as a gift his slave- girl with whom he has gone to bed, to his son in-law; if his son in-law can go to bed with this slave- girl. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’”

كُنْتُ عِنْدَ الرِّضَا ع فَسَأَلَهُ صَفْوَانُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ رَجُلٍ وَ لِلرَّجُلِ امْرَأَةٌ وَ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ فَمَاتَ أَبُو الْجَارِيَةِ أَ يَحِلُّ لِلرَّجُلِ الْمُتَزَوِّجِ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ أُمُّ وَلَدِهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

“Once I was with al-Rida’ (a.s.), when Safwan asked about a man who has married the daughter of a man and the man has a woman and a mother of child. The father of the girl dies; if this man can marry the wife and mother of the child of the deceased. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ وَلَدٍ كَانَتْ لِرَجُلٍ فَمَاتَ عَنْهَا سَيِّدُهَا وَ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَلَدٌ مِنْ غَيْرِ أُمِّ وَلَدِهِ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَرَادَ الَّذِي تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ الْوَلَدِ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ سَيِّدِهَا الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهَا فَيَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهَا وَ بَيْنَ بِنْتِ سَيِّدِهَا الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who marries the mother of the child of a man and her master dies. The deceased has a child from a woman other than his mother of the child; if the man who has married the mother of the child can marry the daughter of her master who ha

سَأَلَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ هِشَامَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ اللَّهُ حَكِيماً قَالَ بَلَى وَ هُوَ أَحْكَمُ الْحَاكِمِينَ قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَانْكِحُوا ما طابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّساءِ مَثْنى‌ وَ ثُلاثَ وَ رُباعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا فَواحِدَةً[1] أَ لَيْسَ هَذَا فَرْضاً قَالَ بَلَى قَالَ فَأَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ ت

“Once, ibn abu al-‘Awja’ asked Hisham ibn al-Hakam, ’Is not Allah wise?’ Hisham ibn al-Hakam replied, ’Yes, He is. He is the most firm of the judges.’ He (ibn abu al-’Awja’) then asked, ’Tell me about the words of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, “Marry whomever of women you like, two, three or four and if you fear

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ النَّجَاشِيَّ لَمَّا خَطَبَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص- آمِنَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَزَوَّجَهُ دَعَا بِطَعَامٍ وَ قَالَ إِنَّ مِنْ سُنَنِ الْمُرْسَلِينَ الْإِطْعَامَ عِنْدَ التَّزْوِيجِ.

“I once heard al-Rida’ (a.s.), saying, ‘When al-Najashiy proposed marriage on behalf of the Messenger of Allah to Aminah daughter of abu Sufyan and pronounced them wife and husband, he called for food and said, ‘It is of the Sunnah of the prophets to serve food at the time of getting married.’”

إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص حِينَ تَزَوَّجَ- مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ أَوْلَمَ عَلَيْهَا وَ أَطْعَمَ النَّاسَ الْحَيْسَ‌[1].

when the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, married Maymunah, daughter of al-Harith, he served food to people and it was mashed dates with the stones removed, with ghee.’”

إِنَّ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فِي إِمَارَةِ عُثْمَانَ اجْتَمَعُوا فِي مَسْجِدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فِي يَوْمِ جُمُعَةٍ وَ هُمْ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُزَوِّجُوا رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ وَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَرِيبٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ هَلْ لَكُمْ أَنْ نُخْجِلَ عَلِيّاً السَّاعَةَ نَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ بِنَا وَ نَتَكَلَّمُ فَإِنَّهُ يَخْجَلُ وَ يَعْيَا بِالْكَلَامِ‌[1] فَأَقْبَلُوا إِلَيْهِ فَقَالُوا

1. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab who has said the following: “Abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said that one day a group of banu ‘Umayyah during the time of the government of ‘Uthman came together in Masjid of the Messenger of Allah, O Allah,

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع يَخْطُبُ بِهَذِهِ الْخُطْبَةِ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الْعَالِمِ بِمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَدِينَ لَهُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ دَائِنٌ فَاطِرِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ مُؤَلِّفِ الْأَسْبَابِ بِمَا جَرَتْ بِهِ الْأَقْلَامُ وَ مَضَتْ بِهِ الْأَحْتَامُ مِنْ سَابِقِ عِلْمِهِ وَ مُقَدَّرِ حُكْمِهِ أَحْمَدُهُ عَلَى نِعَمِهِ وَ أَعُوذُ بِهِ مِنْ نِقَمِهِ وَ أَسْتَهْدِي اللَّهَ الْهُدَى وَ أَعُوذُ بِ

6. A number of our people have narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn Khalid from ‘Abd al-‘Azim ibn ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “I heard abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, give the following as Khutbah (sermon) when solemnizing a marriage: ‘All praise belongs to Allah who knows what is to come into being be

خَطَبَ الرِّضَا ع هَذِهِ الْخُطْبَةَ- الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي حَمِدَ فِي الْكِتَابِ نَفْسَهُ وَ افْتَتَحَ بِالْحَمْدِ كِتَابَهُ وَ جَعَلَ الْحَمْدَ أَوَّلَ جَزَاءِ مَحَلِّ نِعْمَتِهِ وَ آخِرَ دَعْوَى أَهْلِ جَنَّتِهِ وَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ شَهَادَةً أُخْلِصُهَا لَهُ وَ أَدَّخِرُهَا عِنْدَهُ وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ خَاتَمِ النُّبُوَّةِ وَ خَيْرِ الْبَرِيَّةِ وَ

7. Ahmad ibn Muhammad has narrated from Mu‘awiyah ibn Hakim who has said the following: “Al-Rida’, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, once read the following as Khutbah (sermon) when solemnizing a marriage: ‘All praise belongs to Allah who has praised Himself in the book and has opened His book with it, has made it the first reward of

لَمَّا أَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ خَدِيجَةَ بِنْتَ خُوَيْلِدٍ أَقْبَلَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَ مَعَهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى وَرَقَةَ بْنِ نَوْفَلٍ عَمِّ خَدِيجَةَ فَابْتَدَأَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ بِالْكَلَامِ فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ لِرَبِّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي جَعَلَنَا مِنْ زَرْعِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ ذُرِّيَّةِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَ أَنْزَلَنَا حَرَماً آمِناً وَ جَعَلَنَا الْحُكَّامَ عَل

9. Certain persons of our people have narrated from Ali ibn al-Husayn from Ali ibn Hassan from ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Kathir who has said the following: “When the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, decided to marry Khadijah daughter of Khuwayli

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع- عَنْ مَهْرِ السُّنَّةِ كَيْفَ صَارَ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْجَبَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَلَّا يُكَبِّرَهُ مُؤْمِنٌ مِائَةَ تَكْبِيرَةٍ وَ يُسَبِّحَهُ مِائَةَ تَسْبِيحَةٍ وَ يُحَمِّدَهُ مِائَةَ تَحْمِيدَةٍ وَ يُهَلِّلَهُ مِائَةَ تَهْلِيلَةٍ وَ يُصَلِّيَ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِهِ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ اللَّهُمَّ زَوِّجْنِي مِنَ الْحُورِ الْعِينِ إِلَّا ز

7. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from ibn abu Nasr from al-Husayn ibn Khalid and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from ‘Uthman al-Khazzaz from a man from al-Husayn ibn Khalid who has said the following: “I once asked abu al-Hassan, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, about mahr (

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ ابْنَ أَخِيهِ وَ أَمْهَرَهَا بَيْتاً وَ خَادِماً ثُمَّ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ يُؤْخَذُ الْمَهْرُ مِنْ وَسَطِ الْمَالِ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالْبَيْتُ وَ الْخَادِمُ قَالَ وَسَطٌ مِنَ الْبُيُوتِ‌[2] وَ الْخَادِمُ وَسَطٌ مِنَ الْخَدَمِ قُلْتُ ثَلَاثِينَ أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَاراً وَ الْبَيْتُ نَحْوٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ هَذَا سَبْعِينَ ثَمَانِينَ دِينَاراً أَوْ مِائَةً نَحْ

“I once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man who gave his daughter in marriage to the son of his brother with a mahr (dower) of a house and a servant and the man died. He (the Imam) said, ‘Mahr (dower) is paid from medium kinds of assets.’ I (the narrator) than asked, ‘What is the condition of the house an

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ تَدْرِي مِنْ أَيْنَ صَارَ مُهُورُ النِّسَاءِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبٍ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ كَانَتْ بِالْحَبَشَةِ فَخَطَبَهَا النَّبِيُّ ص وَ سَاقَ إِلَيْهَا عَنْهُ النَّجَاشِيُّ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ فَمِنْ ثَمَّ يَأْخُذُونَ بِهِ فَأَمَّا الْمَهْرُ فَاثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ أُوقِيَّةً وَ نَشٌّ.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), once asked, ‘Do you know why mahr (dower) of women has become four thousand?’ I replied, ‘No, I do not know.’ He (the Imam) said, “Umm Habibah, daughter of abu Sufyan was in al-Habashah (Ethiopia) and the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services t

فِي رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ دَخَلَ بِهَا وَ أَوْلَدَهَا ثُمَّ مَاتَ عَنْهَا فَادَّعَتْ شَيْئاً مِنْ صَدَاقِهَا عَلَى وَرَثَةِ زَوْجِهَا فَجَاءَتْ تَطْلُبُهُ مِنْهُمْ وَ تَطْلُبُ الْمِيرَاثَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا الْمِيرَاثُ فَلَهَا أَنْ تَطْلُبَهُ وَ أَمَّا الصَّدَاقُ فَالَّذِي أَخَذَتْ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا هُوَ الَّذِي حَلَّ لِلزَّوْجِ بِهِ فَرْجُهَا قَلِيلًا كَانَ أَوْ كَثِيراً إِذَا هِيَ قَبَضَ

“About the case of a man who marries a woman, goes to bed with her, makes her to give birth to children, then dies and she asks something of her mahr (dower) from the heirs of the deceased as well as her share of inheritance, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘She can ask for her share of inheritance but mahr (dower) is wha

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ الْمَرْأَةَ بِغَيْرِ شُهُودٍ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِتَزْوِيجِ الْبَتَّةِ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ الشُّهُودُ فِي تَزْوِيجِ الْبَتَّةِ مِنْ أَجْلِ الْوَلَدِ لَوْ لَا ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ بَأْسٌ.

“Once abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), was asked about the case of a man who married a woman without witness. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is not unlawful at all between him and Allah. Witness in marriage is for the sake of children, if that is not the concern then it is not unlawful.’”

إِنَّمَا جُعِلَتِ الْبَيِّنَاتُ لِلنَّسَبِ وَ الْمَوَارِيثِ وَ فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى وَ الْحُدُودِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Witness and testimony (for marriage) is only for the sake of children and inheritance.’ In another Hadith it is said, ‘and it is for the sake of criminal issues.’”

فِي تَسْمِيَةِ نِسَاءِ النَّبِيِّ ص وَ نَسَبِهِنَّ وَ صِفَتِهِنَّ عَائِشَةُ وَ حَفْصَةُ وَ أُمُّ حَبِيبٍ بِنْتُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ وَ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ وَ سَوْدَةُ بِنْتُ زَمْعَةَ وَ مَيْمُونَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ وَ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ حي [حُيَيِ‌] بْنِ أَخْطَبَ وَ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ بِنْتُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ وَ جُوَيْرِيَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ وَ كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ مِنْ تَيْمٍ وَ حَفْصَةُ مِنْ عَدِيٍّ وَ أُمُّ سَلَ

5. It is narrated from the narrator of the previous Hadith from ‘ Asem ibn Hamid from abu Basir and others about the names of the wives of the Holy Prophet, and their relations and qualities has said the following: “The names of the wives of the Holy Prophet, were: ‘A’ishah, Hafsah, ‘Umm Habib daughter of abu Sufyan ib

لَيْسَ لَهَا مَعَ أَبِيهَا أَمْرٌ إِذَا أَنْكَحَهَا جَازَ نِكَاحُهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ كَارِهَةً قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ أُخْتَهُ قَالَ يُؤَامِرُهَا فَإِنْ سَكَتَتْ فَهُوَ إِقْرَارُهَا وَ إِنْ أَبَتْ لَمْ يُزَوِّجْهَا[1].

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man who gives his daughter in marriage to someone without her permission. He (the Imam) said, ‘With the existence of her father she has no say and commandments. If he gives her in marriage it is permissible even if she dislikes.

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْجَارِيَةُ يُرِيدُ أَبُوهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ وَ يُرِيدُ جَدُّهَا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ أَوْلَى بِذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مُضَارّاً إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ الْأَبُ زَوَّجَهَا قَبْلَهُ وَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهَا تَزْوِيجُ الْأَبِ وَ الْجَدِّ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘ Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, about the case of a girl whose father wants to give her in marriage to one man and her grandfather wants to give her in marriage to another man. He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather is preferred above the father as long as it is not harmful to the g

إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَةَ ابْنِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ عَلَى ابْنِهِ وَ لِابْنِهِ أَيْضاً أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا فَقُلْتُ فَإِنْ هَوِيَ أَبُوهَا رَجُلًا وَ جَدُّهَا رَجُلًا فَقَالَ الْجَدُّ أَوْلَى بِنِكَاحِهَا.

‘If a man gives in marriage his granddaughter to a man, it is binding upon his son and his son also can give her in marriage.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if her father likes one man and her grandfather prefers another man?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Grandfather has greater priority.’”

إِنِّي لَذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ زِيَادِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَارِثِيِّ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ يَسْتَعْدِي عَلَى أَبِيهِ‌[1] فَقَالَ أَصْلَحَ اللَّهُ الْأَمِيرَ إِنَّ أَبِي زَوَّجَ ابْنَتِي بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِي فَقَالَ زِيَادٌ لِجُلَسَائِهِ الَّذِينَ عِنْدَهُ مَا تَقُولُونَ فِيمَا يَقُولُ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ قَالُوا نِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ قَالَ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَلَمَّا سَأَلَنِي أَق

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘One day I was with Ziyad ibn ‘Ubayd Allah al-Harithiy when a man came and complained saying, “My father has given my daughter in marriage without my permission.” Ziyad then asked the people in his meeting about their views in the matter. They said, “His marriage is invalid.’” He (the

إِذَا زَوَّجَ الْأَبُ وَ الْجَدُّ كَانَ التَّزْوِيجُ لِلْأَوَّلِ فَإِنْ كَانَ جَمِيعاً فِي حَالٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَالْجَدُّ أَوْلَى.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If both father and grandfather give in marriage, the first one’s marriage is effective and if both happens at the same time, the grandfather has the priority.’”

إِنَّ الْجَدَّ إِذَا زَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ ابْنِهِ وَ كَانَ أَبُوهَا حَيّاً وَ كَانَ الْجَدُّ مَرْضِيّاً جَازَ قُلْنَا فَإِنْ هَوِيَ أَبُو الْجَارِيَةِ هَوًى وَ هَوِيَ الْجَدُّ هَوًى وَ هُمَا سَوَاءٌ فِي الْعَدْلِ وَ الرِّضَا قَالَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ تَرْضَى بِقَوْلِ الْجَدِّ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a grandfather gives his granddaughter in marriage and his son is living but grandfather is ill, still marriage is binding.’ We then asked, ‘What happens if the father loves one and grandfather loves another man and they both are equal in justice and agreement?’ He (the Imam) said,

إِذَا زَوَّجَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ وَالِدُهُ فَإِنَّ تَزْوِيجَ الْأَبِ جَائِزٌ وَ إِنْ كَرِهَ الْجَدُّ لَيْسَ هَذَا مِثْلَ الَّذِي يَفْعَلُهُ الْجَدُّ ثُمَّ يُرِيدُ الْأَبُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ.[1]

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man marries, then his father rejects it, giving in marriage by the father is permissible; if the grandfather dislikes it, it is not like the case where grandfather gives in marriage, then father wants to reverse it.”’

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي امْرَأَةٍ أَنْكَحَهَا أَخُوهَا رَجُلًا ثُمَّ أَنْكَحَتْهَا أُمُّهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلًا وَ خَالُهَا أَوْ أَخٌ لَهَا صَغِيرٌ فَدُخِلَ بِهَا فَحَبِلَتْ فَاحْتَكَمَا فِيهَا فَأَقَامَ الْأَوَّلُ الشُّهُودَ فَأَلْحَقَهَا بِالْأَوَّلِ وَ جَعَلَ لَهَا الصَّدَاقَيْنِ جَمِيعاً وَ مَنَعَ زَوْجَهَا الَّذِي حُقَّتْ لَهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا ثُمَّ أَلْحَقَ الْوَلَدَ بِأَ

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), issued a judgment. It was about the case of a woman whose brother gave her in marriage to one man and her mother gave her in marriage to another man, her maternal uncle or her brother were younger. He went to bed with her and she became pregnant and the two me

سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَخَوَيْنِ وَ الْبِنْتَ وَ الِابْنَةُ صَغِيرَةٌ فَعَمَدَ أَحَدُ الْأَخَوَيْنِ الْوَصِيُّ فَزَوَّجَ الِابْنَةَ مِنِ ابْنِهِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ أَبُو الِابْنِ الْمُزَوَّجِ فَلَمَّا أَنْ مَاتَ قَالَ الْآخَرُ أَخِي لَمْ يُزَوِّجْ ابْنَهُ فَزَوَّجَ الْجَارِيَةَ مِنِ ابْنِهِ فَقِيلَ لِلْجَارِيَةِ أَيُّ الزَّوْجَيْنِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكِ الْأَوَّلُ أَوِ الْآخَرُ قَالَتِ الْآخَرُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ

“Once a man asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind two brothers and a daughter who is small. One brother becomes the executor of the will and gives the girl in marriage to his son. The father of the boy married to the girl dies and thereafter the other brother says that his brot

قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّا نُزَوِّجُ صِبْيَانَنَا وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا زُوِّجُوا وَ هُمْ صِغَارٌ لَمْ يَكَادُوا يَتَأَلَّفُوا.

“It was once said to abu ‘ Abd Allah, or abu al-Hassan (a.s.), ‘We give our children in marriage when they are small children.’ He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said, ‘If they are given in marriage when they are small, they may fail to develop loving relationships.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ امْرَأَتَهُ ثُمَّ خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ بَعْدُ فَوَلَدَتْ لِلْآخَرِ هَلْ يَحِلُّ وَلَدُهَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ لِوَلَدِ الْأَوَّلِ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ سُرِّيَّةً لَهُ ثُمَّ خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا رَجُلٌ بَعْدَهُ ثُمَّ وَلَدَتْ لِلْآخَرِ هَلْ يَحِلُّ وَلَدُهَا لِوَلَدِ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ.

“This is concerning my question before abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife who marries another man and gives birth from the second man; if her children from the second husband are lawful for the children of the first husband from his wife other than her. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, it is