قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْخُذُ مِيرَاثَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ إِذَا مَاتَ وَ لَهُ قَرَابَةٌ كَانَ يَدْفَعُ إِلَى قَرَابَتِهِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), did not take the legacy of any of his Mawali upon their death; instead if he had a relative he (the Imam) would give it to them/”
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي خَالَةٍ جَاءَتْ تُخَاصِمُ فِي مَوْلَى رَجُلٍ مَاتَ فَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ- وَ أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ فَدَفَعَ الْمِيرَاثَ إِلَى الْخَالَةِ وَ لَمْ يُعْطِ الْمَوْلَى.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that ’ Amir al-Mu’minin, issued a judgment in the case of a maternal aunt who disputed against a Mawla’ (master) of a man who had died. He read this verse, . the relatives have priority over each other according to the book of Allah.’ (33:6) He (the Imam) gave the legacy to the maternal aun
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَيُّ شَيْءٍ لِلْمَوَالِي فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ إِلَّا مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَفْعَلُوا إِلى أَوْلِيائِكُمْ مَعْرُوفاً[1].
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about what is for a Mawla ’ (Master). He (the Imam) said, ‘There is nothing for them (Mawla’ (Masters)) except what Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘. . . except if you do well-liked favor to your guardians.’ (33:6)”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَيُّ شَيْءٍ لِلْمَوَالِي مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا التَّرْبَاءُ يَعْنِي التُّرَابَ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about what Mawla’ (Master) receives of inheritance. He (the Imam) said, ‘They receive nothing except soil, that is, dirt.’”
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِذَا مَاتَ مَوْلًى لَهُ وَ تَرَكَ ذَا قَرَابَةٍ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ شَيْئاً وَ يَقُولُ- أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى بِبَعْضٍ.
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that Ali (a.s.), upon the death of his slaves did not take anything from their legacy if they left any relatives, and he would say, ‘. . . relatives have priority to each other.’”
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ وَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَةَ أُخْتٍ لَهُ وَ تَرَكَ مَوَالِيَ وَ لَهُ عِنْدِي أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِهَا أَحَدٌ فَجَاءَتِ ابْنَةُ أُخْتِهِ فَرَهَنَتْ عِنْدِي مُصْحَفاً فَأَعْطَيْتُهَا ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَماً فَقَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع حِينَ قُلْتُ لَهُ عَلِمَ بِهَا أَحَدٌ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَأَعْطِهَا إِيَّاهَا قِطْعَةً قِطْعَةً وَ لَا
“A man asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man who dies leaving behind the daughter of his sister and slaves. He has left one thousand dirham with him about which no one knows anything. The daughter of his sister came and left a holy book with him as a security deposit. He gave her thirty dirham. I heard abu ‘Abd
كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع لَا يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ مَوْلًى لَهُ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ ذُو قَرَابَةٍ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا مِمَّنْ يَجْرِي لَهُمُ الْمِيرَاثُ الْمَفْرُوضُ فَكَانَ يَدْفَعُ مَالَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), did not take anything from legacy of his slaves if they had relatives; and if the relatives were not of those who have the ordained shares, he would distribute the legacy among them (relatives).”
مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فَقَالَ انْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً فَقِيلَ لَهُ ابْنَتَانِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَانِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ مَوْلَاهُ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمَالِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that a slave of Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, died. He asked to ascertain if he has left any relatives. It was said that he has two daughters in Yamamah who are owned. He (the Imam) bought them from the legacy of his slave who had died, then gave them the rest of the legacy.”’
مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ انْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً فَقِيلَ لَهُ ابْنَتَانِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَانِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمَالِ. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ مِثْلَهُ.
“A slave of Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, died. He said, ‘You must look if you can find his heirs.’ It was said that he has two daughters in Yamamah who are owned. He (the Imam) bought them from the assets of the deceased and gave the rest of legacy to them.’” Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa
قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ وَ امْرَأَةٌ سَقَطَ عَلَيْهِمَا الْبَيْتُ فَمَاتَا قَالَ يُوَرَّثُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ قَدْ أَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي هَذَا شَيْئاً قَالَ وَ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ أَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ قُلْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ أَخَوَيْنِ أَعْجَمِيَّيْنِ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا وَارِثٌ إِلَّا مَوَالِيهِمَا أَحَدُهُمَا لَهُ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ مَعْرُوفَةٍ وَ الْآخَرُ
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man and a woman on whom a wall falls and they die. He (the Imam) said, ‘The man inherits from the woman and the woman inherits from the man.’ I then said that abu Hanifah has introduced something in it.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What has he introduced in i
إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمَّا هَزَمَ طَلْحَةَ وَ الزُّبَيْرَ أَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ فَمَرُّوا بِامْرَأَةٍ حَامِلٍ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْهُمْ فَطَرَحَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حَيّاً فَاضْطَرَبَ حَتَّى مَاتَ ثُمَّ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيٌّ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حُبْلَى فَفَزِعَتْ ح
“When Ali (a.s.), defeated Talhah and al-Zubayr, people came defeated and passed by a pregnant woman on the road who was frightened and miscarried her child who was alive but then died. She, because of shock died after the child. Ali (a.s.), and his people passed by where she with her child was left on the road. He (th
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ أُمَّهُ أَ يَرِثُهَا قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي ع يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ ذُو رَحِمٍ قَتَلَ قَرِيبَهُ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has killed his mother; if he can inherit her. He (the Imam) said, ‘I heard my father (a.s.), saying, “Whoever of the relatives kills one of his relatives he cannot inherit from that relative.’””
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص لَا مِيرَاثَ لِلْقَاتِلِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said that a murderer cannot receive inheritance.’”
فِيمَا رَوَى النَّاسُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ فَقَالَ نَرِثُهُمْ وَ لَا يَرِثُونَّا لِأَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ فِي حَقِّهِ إِلَّا شِدَّةً.
“This is about what is narrated from the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause. He (the Messenger of Allah) has said that people of two religions do not inherit from each other. Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘We inherit from them but they c
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ ابْنُ أَخٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ ابْنُ أُخْتٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ لِلنَّصْرَانِيِّ أَوْلَادٌ وَ زَوْجَةٌ نَصَارَى قَالَ فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَيْ مَا تَرَكَ وَ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أُخْتِهِ ثُلُثَ مَا تَرَكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْوَارِثَيْنِ أَنْ يُنْفِقَا عَلَى الصِّغَارِ مِمَّا وَرِثَا مِنْ أَبِيهِ
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a Christian man who has died. The son of his brother is a Muslim and a son of his sister is a Muslim. The Christian man has children and a Christian wife. He (the Imam) said, ’Two-thirds of his legacy must be given to the son of his brother. One-third must be give
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ وَ وُلْدٌ مُسْلِمُونَ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ أُمُّهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مِيرَاثُهُ أُعْطِيَتِ السُّدُسَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَ لَا وُلْدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ أُمُّهُ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ قَرَابَةٌ نَصَارَى مِمَّنْ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَوْ كَانُوا مُسْل
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a Muslim man who has died and his mother is a Christian. He has a wife and Muslim children. He (the Imam) said, ‘If his mother becomes a Muslim before the legacy is distributed, she receives one-sixth.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he does not have a wife and childre
إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يَقْضِي فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ فِيمَا أَدْرَكَ الْإِسْلَامَ مِنْ مَالِ مُشْرِكٍ تَرَكَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ قُسِمَ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَجْعَلُ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَ الرِّجَالِ حُظُوظَهُمْ مِنْهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ص.
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad, and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from abu Hamzah who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), once issued a judgment.
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ مَا أَدْرَكَ الْإِسْلَامَ مِنْ مَالِ مُشْرِكٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِنَّ لِلنِّسَاءِ حُظُوظَهُنَّ مِنْهُ[1]. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ وَ الْمَجُوسَ يَرِثُونَ وَ يُورَثُونَ مِيرَاثَ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ وَجْهِ الْقَرَابَةِ الَّتِي تَجُوزُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَ يَبْطُلُ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ و
“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), issued judgment. It was in the case of those who became Muslims and the pagans of the legacy of pagans, which was not distributed before his becoming a Muslim. It gave such men and women their shares according to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and the Sunn
إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ وَ تَرَكَ أَبَاهُ وَ هُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ أَوْ أُمَّهُ وَ هِيَ مَمْلُوكَةٌ وَ الْمَيِّتُ حُرٌّ اشْتُرِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ أَبُوهُ أَوْ قَرَابَتُهُ وَ وَرِثَ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْمَالِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a man dies leaving behind his father who is owned by someone or his mother who is owned by someone and the deceased is free, with his legacy, his father or relative is bought who then is made to inherit the remaining of the legacy.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا كَثِيراً وَ تَرَكَ أُمّاً مَمْلُوكَةً وَ أُخْتاً مَمْلُوكَةً[1] قَالَ تُشْتَرَيَانِ مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ تُعْتَقَانِ وَ تُوَرَّثَانِ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَبَى أَهْلُ الْجَارِيَةِ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ وَ يُقَوَّمَانِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ يُعْطَى مَا لَهُمْ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْقِيمَةِ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّهُمَا اشْتُرِيَا ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَا
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies leaving behind a large amount of assets, a mother and a sister who are owned by someone. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are bought with the assets of the deceased, set free and made to inherit him.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if the people of the slave-g
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ وَ لَهُ مَالٌ- أَنْ تُشْتَرَى أُمُّهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَ تُدْفَعَ إِلَيْهَا بَقِيَّةُ الْمَالِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ ذُو قَرَابَةٍ لَهُمْ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this about the judgment of ’ Amir al-Mu’minin. It is about the case of a man who dies leaving behind a mother, who is owned by someone and a certain amount of assets. He (the Imam) has said, ‘His mother must be bought with his legacy and the rest of the legacy must be given to her, if
فِي رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ انْتَفَى مِنْ وَلَدِهَا ثُمَّ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ بَعْدَ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ لَهُ هَلْ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَا أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ وَ أَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ أَبَداً فَسَأَلْتُهُ مَنْ يَرِثُ الْوَلَدَ قَالَ أَخْوَالُهُ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ فَوَرِثَهَا الْغُلَامُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْ
“About the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife and denies her child, then calls himself a liar after forming Mula ‘anah and thinks that the child is his child; if the child can be returned to him, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The child is returned to him. The child is not called his child, he does
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ إِذَا تَلَاعَنَا وَ تَفَرَّقَا وَ قَالَ زَوْجُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدُ وَلَدِي وَ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ أَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَكِنْ أَرُدُّ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَّعِهِ أَبُوهُ فَإِنَّ أَخْوَالَهُ يَرِثُونَهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُمْ فَإِنْ دَعَاهُ أَحَدٌ بِابْنِ الزَّانِيَةِ جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ. قَالَ الْ
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife, then they separate from each other. The husband thereafter says that the child is his child and he calls himself a liar. He (the Imam) said, ‘The woman cannot return to him but the child must be joined with him; he canno
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ادَّعَتْهُ النِّسَاءُ دُونَ الرِّجَالِ بَعْدَ مَا ذَهَبَتْ رِجَالُهُنَّ وَ انْقَرَضُوا وَ صَارَ رَجُلًا وَ زَوَّجْنَهُ وَ أَدْخَلْنَهُ فِي مَنَازِلِهِنَّ وَ فِي يَدَيْ رَجُلٍ دَارٌ- فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عَصَبَةُ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ الَّذِينَ انْقَرَضُوا فَنَاشَدُوهُ اللَّهَ أَنْ لَا يُعْطِيَ حَقَّهُمْ مَنْ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمْ وَ قَدْ عَرَفَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي فِي يَدَيْهِ الدَّا
“Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar narrated to me that he once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man against whom a woman without a man had laid a claim when their men were no more. When he became a man, the women married him and allowed him to enter their homes. A man had a house in his possession. The relatives of men and
أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى وَلِيدَةِ قَوْمٍ حَرَاماً ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا ثُمَّ ادَّعَى وَلَدَهَا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُورَثُ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَ لِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَ لَا يُورَثُ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يَدَّعِي ابْنَ وَلِيدَتِهِ وَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ بِوَلَدِهِ ثُمَّ انْتَفَى مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ يَلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مِ
“This is a pronouncement from abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.). He (the Imam) has said, Tf a man falls upon a slave-girl of a people unlawfully, then buys her and claims her child, he cannot inherit from such a child anything. It is because the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of
فَقَالَ لَا يُورَثُ مِنْهُ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَ لِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَ لَا يُورَثُ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يَدَّعِي ابْنَ وَلِيدَتِهِ.
“This is a pronouncement of abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who falls upon the slave-girl of a people in an unlawful manner. He then buys her and claims her child. He (the Imam) has said, ’He cannot inherit from such child because the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his fa
كَتَبَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع مَعِي يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ الْحَمْلِ فَجَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ وَ هُوَ أَشْبَهُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ بِخَطِّهِ وَ خَاتَمِهِ الْوَلَدُ لِغَيَّةٍ لَا يُورَثُ. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: مِيرَاثُ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا لِقَرَابَاتِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أُمِّهِ عَلَى نَحْوِ
4. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Ali ibn Mahziyar from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Ash‘ariy who has narrated the following: “Once certain persons of our people with me wrote to abu Ja’far, al-Thaniy (a.s.), asking about a man who commits the indecent act with a woman; then marries her afte
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْحَمِيلِ فَقَالَ وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ الْحَمِيلُ قَالَ قُلْتُ الْمَرْأَةُ تُسْبَى مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مَعَهَا الْوَلَدُ الصَّغِيرُ فَتَقُولُ هَذَا ابْنِي وَ الرَّجُلُ يُسْبَى فَيَلْقَى أَخَاهُ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ أَخِي وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ بَيِّنَةٌ إِلَّا قَوْلُهُمْ قَالَ فَقَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ فِيهِمُ النَّاسُ عِنْدَكُمْ قُلْتُ لَا يُوَرِّثُونَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ عَلَى وِلَادَتِهِ
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of ( al-Hamil ) a child who is carried along. He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is al-Hamil (carried along)? 5 1 replied, ‘A woman is taken captive. With her, there is a small child. She says that he is her child. A man is taken as a captive. He meets his brother and says th
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ حَمِيلَيْنِ جِيءَ بِهِمَا مِنْ أَرْضِ الشِّرْكِ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ أَنْتَ أَخِي فَعُرِفَا بِذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَا وَ مَكَثَا مُقِرَّيْنِ بِالْإِخَاءِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَحَدَهُمَا مَاتَ فَقَالَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِلْأَخِ يُصَدَّقَانِ.
‘You are my brother. 5 They then recognize each other, then they are released and they continue confirming their relationship as brothers, then one of them dies. He (the Imam) said, ‘The legacy belongs to the brother and they must be considered truthful. 555
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْحَمِيلِ فَقَالَ وَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ الْحَمِيلُ فَقُلْتُ الْمَرْأَةُ تُسْبَى مِنْ أَرْضِهَا وَ مَعَهَا الْوَلَدُ الصَّغِيرُ فَتَقُولُ هُوَ ابْنِي وَ الرَّجُلُ يُسْبَى فَيَلْقَى أَخَاهُ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ أَخِي وَ يَتَعَارَفَانِ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ بَيِّنَةٌ إِلَّا قَوْلُهُمَا فَقَالَ مَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكُمْ قُلْتُ لَا يُوَرِّثُونَهُمْ لِأَنَّهُمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ عَلَى
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is al-Hamil (brought from other land). He (the Imam) asked, ‘What is al-Hamil ? I then replied, ‘A woman is taken captive from her land. With her is a small child and she says that he is her son. A man is taken as a captive, who meets his brother and says
دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَ سَلَّمْتُ وَ قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ إِلَّا أَخٌ لَهُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي عَنْ جَدِّي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ مَنْ شَرِبَ مِنْ لَبَنِنَا أَوْ أَرْضَعَ لَنَا وَلَداً فَنَحْنُ آبَاؤُهُ[1].
“I once visited abu al-Hassan al-Rida’ (a.s.). I offered greeting of peace and asked saying, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause. What do you say about the case of a man who dies and has no other heirs except a brother who is due to breastfeeding; can he inherit him? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, my
مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَارِثٌ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ وَ لَا مَوْلَى عَتَاقِهِ قَدْ ضَمِنَ جَرِيرَتَهُ فَمَالُهُ مِنَ الْأَنْفَالِ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If one dies without leaving behind any heirs from his relatives or freeing master who has taken responsibiliy for his crimes, his legacy becomes part of the public welfare funds (state treasury).”’
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ.
“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, ‘Guardianship rests in favor of one who sets one free.’”
لِعَائِشَةَ أَعْتِقِي فَإِنَّ الْوَلَاءَ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ.
“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about Hadith of Burayrah has said, ‘The Holy Prophet, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, said to ‘A’ishah, ‘Set a slave free because guardianship rests with the one who buys one’s freedom.’”
قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ أَهْلَ بَرِيرَةَ اشْتَرَطُوا وَلَاءَهَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ‘A’ishah once said to the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, ‘People of Burayrah have set her guardianship a condition.’ The Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family wo
مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِحَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَدَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مِيرَاثَهُ إِلَى ابْنَةِ حَمْزَةَ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ فَهَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَوْلَى ابْنَةٌ كَمَا تَرْوِي الْعَامَّةُ وَ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ أَيْضاً تَرِثُ الْوَلَاءَ لَيْسَ كَمَا تَرْوِي الْعَامَّةُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a mawla of Hamzah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib died, the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, gave his legacy to the daughter of Hamzah.’” Al-Hassan has said that this proves that the mawla did not have any dau
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَمْلُوكاً لَهُ وَ قَدْ كَانَ مَوْلَاهُ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ ضَرِيبَةً فَرَضَهَا عَلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ وَ رَضِيَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُ الْمَوْلَى وَ رَضِيَ الْمَمْلُوكُ بِذَلِكَ فَأَصَابَ الْمَمْلُوكُ فِي تِجَارَتِهِ مَالًا سِوَى مَا كَانَ يُعْطِي مَوْلَاهُ مِنَ الضَّرِيبَةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَدَّى إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ مَا كَانَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ فَمَا اكْتَسَبَه
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who wants to free his slave. His master takes a certain amount of tax from him every year about which both the master and slave had happily agreed. The slave in business earns a certain amount of assets besides what he gives to his master as tax. He (the Ima
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ السَّائِبَةِ فَقَالَ انْظُرُوا فِي الْقُرْآنِ فَمَا كَانَ فِيهِ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ فَتِلْكَ يَا عَمَّارُ السَّائِبَةُ الَّتِي لَا وَلَاءَ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَيْهَا إِلَّا اللَّهَ فَمَا كَانَ وَلَاؤُهُ لِلَّهِ فَهُوَ لِرَسُولِهِ وَ مَا كَانَ وَلَاؤُهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَإِنَّ وَلَاءَهُ لِلْإِمَامِ وَ جِنَايَتَهُ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ وَ مِيرَاثَهُ لَهُ.
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about Sa’ibah (unconditionally freed slave). He (the Imam) said, ‘You must consider what is in the Quran, “setting free a slave” O ‘Ammar, he is Sa’ibah (unconditionally freed slave) over whom there is no guardianship of anyone except Allah. Guardianship over whoever rests with Allah, s
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ فَمَاتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً فَانْطَلَقَ ابْنُهُ فَابْتَاعَ رَجُلًا مِنْ كَسْبِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ إِنَّ الْمُعْتَقَ أَصَابَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَالًا ثُمَّ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَهُ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الرَّقَبَةُ الَّتِي عَلَى أَبِيهِ فِي ظِهَارٍ أَوْ شُكْرٍ أَوْ وَاجِبَةً عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ الْمُعْتَقَ
“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a man who owed the freeing of a slave but he died before freeing a slave. His son then went to buy a man from his earnings and set him free on behalf of his father; the freed man earned an asset and then died; and about to whom belongs his legacy? He (the Imam) said, ‘
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى أُخْتِهِ قَالَ يُضْرَبُ ضَرْبَةً بِالسَّيْفِ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ يُخَلَّصُ قَالَ يُحْبَسُ أَبَداً حَتَّى يَمُوتَ.
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Muhammad Bin Ahmad, from one of his companions, from Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin Mahran, from the one who mentioned it, (The narrator says), ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a man who fell upon his sister. He asws said: ‘He should be struck with one strike of the sword’. I said, ‘So he would be f
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَذَفَ ابْنَهُ بِالزِّنَى قَالَ لَوْ قَتَلَهُ مَا قُتِلَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ قَذَفَهُ لَمْ يُجْلَدْ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ قَذَفَ أَبُوهُ أُمَّهُ فَقَالَ إِنْ قَذَفَهَا وَ انْتَفَى مِنْ وَلَدِهَا تَلَاعَنَا وَ لَمْ يُلْزَمْ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدَ الَّذِي انْتَفَى مِنْهُ وَ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَداً قَالَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَالَ لِابْنِهِ وَ أُمُّهُ حَيَّةٌ يَا ابْنَ الزَّانِيَة
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Al A’ala Bin Razeyn, from Muhammad Bin Muslim who said, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about a man who accused his son with the adultery. He asws said: ‘Had he (father) killed him, he would not be killed due to it, and if he has accused him, he would not be whipped f
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ قَوْمٍ اصْطَحَبُوا فِي سَفَرٍ رُفَقَاءَ فَسَرَقَ بَعْضُهُمْ مَتَاعَ بَعْضٍ فَقَالَ هَذَا خَائِنٌ لَا يُقْطَعُ وَ لَكِنْ يُتْبَعُ بِسَرِقَتِهِ وَ خِيَانَتِهِ قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنْ سَرَقَ مِنْ مَنْزِلِ أَبِيهِ فَقَالَ لَا يُقْطَعُ لِأَنَّ ابْنَ الرَّجُلِ لَا يُحْجَبُ عَنِ الدُّخُولِ إِلَى مَنْزِلِ أَبِيهِ هَذَا خَائِنٌ وَ كَذَلِكَ إِنْ سَرَقَ مِنْ مَنْزِلِ أَخِيهِ وَ أُخْتِهِ إِذَا كَانَ يَدْ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Mahboub, from Abu Ayoub, from Abu Baseer who said, ‘I asked Abu Ja’far asws about a group of people who accompany each other on a journey of friends, so one of them steals the belongings of the other. So he asws said: ‘This is treachery, he would not be cut, but he would be fo
كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَسَأَلَنِي رَجُلٌ مَا فَعَلَ غَرِيمُكَ قُلْتُ ذَاكَ ابْنُ الْفَاعِلَةِ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع نَظَراً شَدِيداً قَالَ فَقُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّهُ مَجُوسِيٌّ أُمُّهُ أُخْتُهُ فَقَالَ أَ وَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ فِي دِينِهِمْ نِكَاحاً.
Ali, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Abu Al Hassan Al Haza’a who said, ‘I was in the presence of Abu Abdullah asws , so a man said to me, ‘What did your creditor do?’ I said, ‘That one is a son of a ‘sexually active (immoral) woman’ . So Abu Abdullah asws looked at me with a harsh look. So I said, ‘May I be s
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِيمَنْ قَتَلَ وَ شَرِبَ خَمْراً وَ سَرَقَ فَأَقَامَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَدَّ فَجَلَدَهُ لِشُرْبِهِ الْخَمْرَ وَ قَطَعَ يَدَهُ فِي سَرِقَتِهِ وَ قَتَلَهُ بِقَتْلِهِ.
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from his brother Al Hassan, from Zurara Bin Muhammad, from Sama’at, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws having said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen asws judged regarding the one who murdered, and drank wine, and stole, so he asws establ
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَفْتَرِي عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَيَعْفُو عَنْهُ ثُمَّ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَجْلِدَهُ بَعْدَ الْعَفْوِ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَجْلِدَهُ بَعْدَ الْعَفْوِ.
A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from his brother Al Hassan, from Zurara Bin Muhammad, from Sama’at Bin Mihran, (The nrrator) says, ‘I asked Abu Abdullah asws about the man who fabricated upon the man, so he excused him from it. Then he wanted him to be whipped afte
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع- لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ يَا ابْنَ الْفَاعِلَةِ يَعْنِي الزِّنَى وَ كَانَ لِلْمَقْذُوفِ أَخٌ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ فَعَفَا أَحَدُهُمَا عَنِ الْقَاذِفِ وَ أَرَادَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنْ يُقَدِّمَهُ إِلَى الْوَالِي وَ يَجْلِدَهُ أَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ فَقَالَ أَ لَيْسَ أُمُّهُ هِيَ أُمَّ الَّذِي عَفَا قُلْتُ نَعَمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ الْعَفْوَ إِلَيْهِمَا جَمِيعاً إِذَا كَانَتْ أُمُّهُمَ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, form his father and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, altogether from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Ammar Al Sabaty who said, ‘I said to Abu Abdullah asws , ‘If a man says to a man, ‘O son of the ‘sexually active’, meaning the adultery, and for the slandered one
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ إِنَّ الْحَدَّ لَا يُورَثُ كَمَا تُورَثُ الدِّيَةُ وَ الْمَالُ وَ الْعَقَارُ وَ لَكِنْ مَنْ قَامَ بِهِ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ فَطَلَبَهُ فَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَهُ فَلَمْ يَطْلُبْهُ فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُ وَ ذَلِكَ مِثْلُ رَجُلٍ قَذَفَ رَجُلًا[1] وَ لِلْمَقْذُوفِ أَخٌ فَإِنْ عَفَا عَنْهُ أَحَدُهُمَا كَانَ لِلْآخَرِ أَنْ يَطْلُبَهُ بِحَقِّهِ لِأَنَّهَا أُمُّهُمَا جَمِيعاً وَ الْعَفْوُ لَهُمَا جَمِيعاً.
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ibn Mahboub, from Hisham Bin Salim, from Ammar Al Sabaty, (The narrator) says, ‘I heard Abu Abdullah asws saying that the Penalty ( Hadd ) is not inheritance just as the wergil is inherited, and the wealth, and the real estate. But the one from the inheritors st
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ تَنَصَّرَ قَالَ يُقْتَلُ وَ لَا يُسْتَتَابُ قُلْتُ فَنَصْرَانِيٌّ أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ قَالَ يُسْتَتَابُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ وَ إِلَّا قُتِلَ[2].
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Al Amraky Bin Ali Al Neysabouri, (It has been narrated) from Ali son of Ja’far asws , from his brother asws Abu Al-Hassan asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a Muslim who became a Christian. He asws said: ‘He would be killed, and would not be told to repent’. I said, ‘So if a Christian became
كُنْتُ وَاقِفاً عَلَى رَأْسِ أَبِي حِينَ أَتَاهُ رَسُولُ زِيَادِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَارِثِيِّ عَامِلِ الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ يَقُولُ لَكَ الْأَمِيرُ انْهَضْ إِلَيَّ فَاعْتَلَّ بِعِلَّةٍ فَعَادَ إِلَيْهِ الرَّسُولُ فَقَالَ لَهُ قَدْ أَمَرْتُ أَنْ يُفْتَحَ لَكَ بَابُ الْمَقْصُورَةِ فَهُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِخُطْوَتِكَ قَالَ فَنَهَضَ أَبِي وَ اعْتَمَدَ عَلَيَّ وَ دَخَلَ عَلَى الْوَالِي وَ قَدْ جَمَعَ فُقَهَاءَ الْمَدِينَةِ ك
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad, from Ali Bin Asbaat, (It has been narrated) from Ali son of Ja’far asws who said, ‘My brother asws Musa asws said: ‘I asws was standing next to the head of my asws father asws , when a messenger of Ziyad Bin Ubeydulla, the governor of Al-Medina came over. He said, ‘The c
إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ كَانَ يَسُبُّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ص فَقَالَ مَنْ لِهَذَا فَقَامَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَقَالا نَحْنُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى أَتَيَا عَرَبَةَ[1] فَسَأَلَا عَنْهُ فَإِذَا هُوَ يَتَلَقَّى غَنَمَهُ فَلَحِقَاهُ بَيْنَ أَهْلِهِ وَ غَنَمِهِ فَلَمْ يُسَلِّمَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَنْ أَنْتُمَا وَ مَا اسْمُكُمَا فَقَالا لَهُ أَنْتَ فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Hammad Bin Isa, from Rabie, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, Abu Ja’far asws has said: ‘A man from Huzayl insulted Rasool-Allah saww . So that reached the Prophet saww , so he saww said: ‘Who is for this one?’ So two men from the Helpers stood up, so they both said, ‘Us, O Rasool-Allah s