Marriage

لَهَا الرُّبُعُ وَ تَدْفَعُ الْبَاقِيَ إِلَيْنَا.

“About the case of a man who dies and leaves behind his wife, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘One-fourth belongs to her and the rest must be given to us.’”

‌ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تَرِثُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ زَوْجُهَا مِنَ الْقُرَى وَ الدُّورِ وَ السِّلَاحِ وَ الدَّوَابِّ شَيْئاً-[3] وَ تَرِثُ مِنَ الْمَالِ وَ الْفُرُشِ وَ الثِّيَابِ وَ مَتَاعِ الْبَيْتِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَ يُقَوَّمُ النِّقْضُ‌[1] وَ الْأَبْوَابُ وَ الْجُذُوعُ وَ الْقَصَبُ فَتُعْطَى حَقَّهَا مِنْهُ‌[2].

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘A woman does not inherit anything of the towns, houses, arms and stumper that her husband leaves behind; but she inherits from assets, furnishings, clothes, household items which he has left and the broken homes, doors, branches and reeds must be appraised to pay her right thereof.’”

مِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَوَاهُ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع‌ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَا تَرِثُ مِنْ تَرِكَةِ زَوْجِهَا مِنْ تُرْبَةِ دَارٍ أَوْ أَرْضٍ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقَوَّمَ الطُّوبُ‌[3] وَ الْخَشَبُ قِيمَةً فَتُعْطَى رُبُعَهَا أَوْ ثُمُنَهَا إِنْ كَانَ لَهَا وَلَدٌ مِنْ قِيمَةِ الطُّوبِ وَ الْجُذُوعِ وَ الْخَشَبِ.

3. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Ibn Abi ‘Umayr from ibn ’Udhaynah from Zurarah, Bukayr, Fudayl, Burayd and Muhammad ibn Muslim from abu Ja‘far and abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, and certain ones of them has narrated from abu ‘ Abd Allah, and others have narrated who has narrated the following:

لَا تَرِثُ النِّسَاءُ مِنْ عَقَارِ الدُّورِ شَيْئاً وَ لَكِنْ يُقَوَّمُ الْبِنَاءُ وَ الطُّوبُ وَ تُعْطَى ثُمُنَهَا أَوْ رُبُعَهَا قَالَ وَ إِنَّمَا ذَاكَ لِئَلَّا يَتَزَوَّجْنَ النِّسَاءُ فَيُفْسِدْنَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْمَوَارِيثِ مَوَارِيثَهُمْ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Women do not inherit from real property or houses anything but the building and bricks must be appraised to give one-eighth or one-fourth thereof to her.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This is because women may get married and thus spoil the legacy for the heirs.’”

إِنَّمَا جُعِلَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ قِيمَةُ الْخَشَبِ وَ الطُّوبِ كَيْلَا يَتَزَوَّجْنَ فَيَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهِمْ يَعْنِي أَهْلَ الْمَوَارِيثِ مَنْ يُفْسِدُ مَوَارِيثَهُمْ‌[1].

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The women’s share of legacy is sanctioned to be from the value of wood and brick of the house only, so that she after getting married will not spoil the legacy of the heirs.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ النِّسَاءِ مَا لَهُنَّ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ قَالَ لَهُنَّ قِيمَةُ الطُّوبِ وَ الْبِنَاءِ وَ الْخَشَبِ وَ الْقَصَبِ وَ أَمَّا الْأَرْضُ وَ الْعَقَارَاتُ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُنَّ فِيهَا قَالَ قُلْتُ فَالثِّيَابُ قَالَ الثِّيَابُ لَهُنَّ نَصِيبُهُنَّ قَالَ قُلْتُ كَيْفَ صَارَ ذَا وَ لِهَذِهِ الثُّمُنُ وَ لِهَذِهِ الرُّبُعُ مُسَمًّى قَالَ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ لَيْسَ لَهَا نَسَبٌ تَرِثُ بِهِ وَ إِنَّمَا هِيَ دَخِ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of women and their share of inheritance. He (the Imam) said, ‘They can have their share from the value of bricks, building, wood and reeds, but they cannot inherit land and real property.’ I asked about clothes. He (the Imam) said, ‘They can inherit from clothes.’ I t

سَأَلَنِي هَلْ يَقْضِي ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى بِالْقَضَاءِ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ عَنْهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ قَضَى فِي مَتَاعِ الرَّجُلِ وَ الْمَرْأَةِ إِذْ مَاتَ أَحَدُهُمَا فَادَّعَاهُ وَرَثَةُ الْحَيِّ وَ وَرَثَةُ الْمَيِّتِ أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا الرَّجُلُ فَادَّعَاهُ الرَّجُلُ وَ ادَّعَتْهُ النِّسَاءُ بِأَرْبَعِ قَضِيَّاتٍ فَقَالَ وَ مَا ذَاكَ فَقُلْتُ أَمَّا أُولَيهُنَّ فَقَضَى فِيهِ بِقَوْلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيّ

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), once asked me, ‘Does ibn abu Layla 5 reverse his judgments? 5 I replied, ‘I have come to know that he issued a judgment about the assets of man and woman when one of them died and the living heirs claim it as well as the heirs of the dead, or when she is divorced then the men claim it as well as

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ أَرْبَعَ نِسْوَةٍ فِي عَقْدَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ أَوْ قَالَ فِي مَجْلِسٍ وَاحِدٍ وَ مُهُورُهُنَّ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ قَالَ جَائِزٌ لَهُ وَ لَهُنَّ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ هُوَ خَرَجَ إِلَى بَعْضِ الْبُلْدَانِ فَطَلَّقَ وَاحِدَةً مِنَ الْأَرْبَعِ وَ أَشْهَدَ عَلَى طَلَاقِهَا قَوْماً مِنْ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ الْبِلَادِ وَ هُمْ لَا يَعْرِفُونَ الْمَرْأَةَ ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنْ أَهْلِ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who has married four women in one marriage contract or that he said in one session with different amounts of mahr (dower) for each one. He (the Imam) said, ’It is permissible for them.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he travels to a different town and divorces on

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ غُلَامٍ وَ جَارِيَةٍ زَوَّجَهُمَا وَلِيَّانِ لَهُمَا وَ هُمَا غَيْرُ مُدْرِكَيْنِ قَالَ فَقَالَ النِّكَاحُ جَائِزٌ وَ أَيُّهُمَا أَدْرَكَ كَانَ لَهُ الْخِيَارُ فَإِنْ مَاتَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدْرِكَا فَلَا مِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَا مَهْرَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَا قَدْ أَدْرَكَا وَ رَضِيَا قُلْتُ فَإِنْ أَدْرَكَ أَحَدُهُمَا قَبْلَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ هُوَ رَضِيَ قُلْتُ

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a boy and a girl who are not mature and whose guardians arrange their marriage. He (the Imam) said, ‘Their marriage is permissible and whoever of the two becomes mature has the right to choose the marriage or not. If they die before maturity there is no inheritance bet

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ زَوَّجَ ابْناً لَهُ مُدْرِكاً مِنْ يَتِيمَةٍ فِي حَجْرِهِ قَالَ تَرِثُهُ إِنْ مَاتَ وَ لَا يَرِثُهَا لِأَنَّ لَهَا الْخِيَارَ وَ لَا خِيَارَ عَلَيْهَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who arranges marriage for his mature son with an orphan girl in his custody. He (the Imam) said, ‘She will inherit him if he dies because she has the choice to approve or disapprove the marriage after she becomes mature and there is no choice against her.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ يُزَوَّجُ الصَّبِيَّةَ هَلْ يَتَوَارَثَانِ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ أَبَوَاهُمَا [هُمَا] اللَّذَانِ زَوَّجَاهُمَا فَنَعَمْ قُلْتُ أَ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْأَبِ قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a child who marries a female child; if they inherit each other. He (the Imam) said, ‘If their fathers are the ones who have arranged their marriage then they inherit.’ I then asked, ‘Is their divorce by father permissible?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permis

لَهَا نِصْفُ الصَّدَاقِ وَ لَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ وَ عَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ.

“About the case of a woman whose husband has died before going to bed with her, Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.), has said that she receives one-half of mahr (dower) and her share of inheritance and she must complete ‘Iddah (waiting period).’”

إِنْ كَانَ فَرَضَ لَهَا مَهْراً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَ هِيَ تَرِثُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَرَضَ لَهَا مَهْراً فَلَا مَهْرَ لَهَا وَ هُوَ يَرِثُهَا.

“This is about the case of a man who dies before going to bed with his wife. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If mahr (dower) was assigned for her, she receives one-half as well as her share of inheritance but if mahr (dower) was not assigned she does not have any mahr (dower) but inherits from the legacy.’”

لَهَا نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ وَ لَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ كَامِلًا.

“About the case of a man who dies and has a wife with whom he has not gone to bed, one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘She must receive one-half of her mahr (dower) and complete inheritance.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ امْرَأَةً وَ لَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا صَدَاقاً فَمَاتَ عَنْهَا أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا مَا لَهَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لَهَا صَدَاقٌ وَ هِيَ تَرِثُهُ وَ يَرِثُهَا.

“I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and has a wife with whom he has not gone to bed. He (the Imam) said, ‘She does not receive any mahr (dower) but she receives complete inheritance and he can inherit her legacy.’”

إِذَا طُلِّقَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّةٍ مِنْهُ لَمْ تَحْرُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهَا تَرِثُهُ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُهَا مَا دَامَتْ فِي الدَّمِ مِنْ حَيْضَتِهَا الثَّانِيَةِ[1] مِنَ التَّطْلِيقَتَيْنِ‌ الْأَوَّلَتَيْنِ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَرِثُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا شَيْئاً وَ لَا يَرِثُ مِنْهَا.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If a woman is divorced and the husband dies during her ‘Iddah (waiting period), she is no stranger to him and she inherits as long as she has not experienced her second cycle of Hayd (menses) after the first two time divorces. When she is divorced for the third time, then she does not rec

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَقَالَ تَرِثُهُ وَ يَرِثُهَا مَا دَامَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘She inherits him and he inherits her as long as he has the right to go back to her.’”

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ وَ هُوَ صَحِيحٌ لَا رَجْعَةَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا لَمْ تَرِثْهُ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهَا وَ قَالَ هُوَ يَرِثُ وَ يُورَثُ مَا لَمْ تَرَ الدَّمَ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a man in good health divorces his wife as such wherein he does not have the right to go back to her, she then does not inherit him and he does not inherit her legacy.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he in a divorce has the right to go back to her then she inherits him and he inherits he

تَرِثُهُ مَا دَامَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ إِلَى سَنَةٍ.

“About the case of a man who in good health divorces his wife twice, then divorces for the third time when he is ill, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘She inherits him as long as he is ill even if his illness lasts for one year.’”

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَرِثَتْهُ مَا دَامَ فِي مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَصِحَّ مِنْهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَإِنْ طَالَ بِهِ الْمَرَضُ قَالَ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ سَنَةٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man during his illness divorces his wife she inherits him during that illness even if her ‘Iddah (waiting period) is complete unless he recovers from that illness.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if the illness prolongs?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is from that time (divorce) up to one

إِنْ مَاتَ فِي مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ وَ هِيَ مُقِيمَةٌ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ تَتَزَوَّجْ وَرِثَتْهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَقَدْ رَضِيَتِ الَّذِي صَنَعَ وَ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهَا.

“About the case of a man who is ill and divorces his wife, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If he dies from that illness and she stays for him unmarried, she inherits him, but if she has married then she has accepted what he has done, thus, there is no inheritance for her.’”

إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمَّا هَزَمَ طَلْحَةَ وَ الزُّبَيْرَ أَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ فَمَرُّوا بِامْرَأَةٍ حَامِلٍ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْهُمْ فَطَرَحَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حَيّاً فَاضْطَرَبَ حَتَّى مَاتَ ثُمَّ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيٌّ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حُبْلَى فَفَزِعَتْ ح

“When Ali (a.s.), defeated Talhah and al-Zubayr, people came defeated and passed by a pregnant woman on the road who was frightened and miscarried her child who was alive but then died. She, because of shock died after the child. Ali (a.s.), and his people passed by where she with her child was left on the road. He (th

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ شَرِبَتْ دَوَاءً وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِذَلِكَ زَوْجُهَا فَأَلْقَتْ وَلَدَهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَظْمٌ وَ قَدْ نَبَتَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّحْمُ عَلَيْهَا دِيَةٌ تُسَلِّمُهَا لِأَبِيهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ حِينَ طَرَحَتْهُ عَلَقَةً أَوْ مُضْغَةً فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَاراً أَوْ غُرَّةً[1] تُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَهِيَ لَا تَرِثُ وَلَدَهَا مِ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a woman who takes medicine when pregnant without informing her husband, and miscarries her child. He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said, ‘If the child had grown bones and flesh then the wergild is due on her which she must pay to the father; but if the mis

الْمَرْأَةُ تَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا وَ يَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَتِهَا مَا لَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ.

“Abu Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘A woman inherits from the wergild of her husband and her husband inherits from the wergild of his wife as long as one of them does not kill the other partner.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَلْ لِلْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا وَ هَلْ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ دِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ مَا لَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَحَدُهُمَا الْآخَرَ[3].

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), if a woman can receive anything from the wergild of her husband or a man can receive anything from the wergild of his wife anything. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, they can do so as long as one of them does not kill the other partner.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ الْمُسْلِمُ يَرِثُ امْرَأَتَهُ الذِّمِّيَّةَ وَ لَا تَرِثُهُ.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘The Muslim inherits from his Dhimmiy (taxpayer) wife and she cannot inherit from him.’”

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ ابْنُ أَخٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ ابْنُ أُخْتٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ لِلنَّصْرَانِيِّ أَوْلَادٌ وَ زَوْجَةٌ نَصَارَى قَالَ فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَيْ مَا تَرَكَ وَ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أُخْتِهِ ثُلُثَ مَا تَرَكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْوَارِثَيْنِ أَنْ يُنْفِقَا عَلَى الصِّغَارِ مِمَّا وَرِثَا مِنْ أَبِيهِ

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a Christian man who has died. The son of his brother is a Muslim and a son of his sister is a Muslim. The Christian man has children and a Christian wife. He (the Imam) said, ’Two-thirds of his legacy must be given to the son of his brother. One-third must be give

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ وَ وُلْدٌ مُسْلِمُونَ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ أُمُّهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مِيرَاثُهُ أُعْطِيَتِ السُّدُسَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَ لَا وُلْدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ أُمُّهُ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ قَرَابَةٌ نَصَارَى مِمَّنْ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَوْ كَانُوا مُسْل

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a Muslim man who has died and his mother is a Christian. He has a wife and Muslim children. He (the Imam) said, ‘If his mother becomes a Muslim before the legacy is distributed, she receives one-sixth.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he does not have a wife and childre

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ مَا أَدْرَكَ الْإِسْلَامَ مِنْ مَالِ مُشْرِكٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِنَّ لِلنِّسَاءِ حُظُوظَهُنَّ مِنْهُ‌[1]. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ وَ الْمَجُوسَ يَرِثُونَ وَ يُورَثُونَ مِيرَاثَ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ وَجْهِ الْقَرَابَةِ الَّتِي تَجُوزُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَ يَبْطُلُ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ و

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), issued judgment. It was in the case of those who became Muslims and the pagans of the legacy of pagans, which was not distributed before his becoming a Muslim. It gave such men and women their shares according to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and the Sunn

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ذِمِّيّاً أَسْلَمَ وَ أَبُوهُ حَيٌّ وَ لِأَبِيهِ وَلَدٌ غَيْرُهُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْأَبُ وَرِثَهُ الْمُسْلِمُ جَمِيعَ مَالِهِ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ وَلَدُهُ وَ لَا امْرَأَتُهُ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِ شَيْئاً.

“’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ’If a Dhimmiy (taxpayer) becomes a Muslim when his father is living who has children besides him, then the father dies, the Muslim inherits all of his legacy and his other children and wife do not inherit anything with a Muslim.’”

أَهْلُ الْمِيرَاثِ لَا يَرِثُ وَ لَا نُجِيزُ وَصِيَّتَهَا لَهُ لِأَنَّهُ مُكَاتَبٌ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ وَ لَا يَرِثُ فَقَضَى أَنَّهُ يَرِثُ بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Najran and Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, altogether from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Muhammad Bin Qays, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws regarding a contracted man, under whom was a free wife, so she bequeathed during her death with a bequest. So he asws said: ‘The p

إِذَا ارْتَدَّ الرَّجُلُ الْمُسْلِمُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ كَمَا تَبِينُ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ وَ إِنْ قُتِلَ أَوْ مَاتَ قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ فَهِيَ تَرِثُهُ فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَ لَا يَرِثُهَا إِنْ مَاتَتْ وَ هُوَ مُرْتَدٌّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a man becomes an apostate (turns away from Islam), his wife becomes a stranger to him, like an irrevocably divorced woman. If he is killed or dies, before completion of ‘Iddah (waiting period), she inherits during her ‘Iddah. He does not inherit her if she dies when he turns away

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمُرْتَدِّ فَقَالَ مَنْ رَغِبَ عَنْ دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ كَفَرَ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ص بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ فَلَا تَوْبَةَ لَهُ‌[1] وَ قَدْ وَجَبَ قَتْلُهُ وَ بَانَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ مِنْهُ فَلْيُقْسَمْ مَا تَرَكَ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ.

“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about an apostate (one who turns away from Islam). He (the Imam) said, ‘If one turns away from Islam and rejects what Allah has revealed to Muhammad (SAW), after his being a Muslim, his repentance has no effect. (After judicial due process) executing him is obligatory, his wife becomes

رَأَيْتُ بِفَارِسَ امْرَأَةً لَهَا رَأْسَانِ وَ صَدْرَانِ فِي حَقْوٍ وَاحِدٍ مُتَزَوِّجَةً تَغَارُ[4] هَذِهِ عَلَى هَذِهِ وَ هَذِهِ عَلَى هَذِهِ قَالَ وَ حَدَّثَنَا غَيْرُهُ أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَجُلًا كَذَلِكَ وَ كَانَا حَائِكَيْنِ يَعْمَلَانِ جَمِيعاً عَلَى حَفٍّ وَاحِدٍ[5].

“In Fars I saw a woman who had two heads and two chests on one groin. She was married and one expressed jealousy toward the other. Other people have narrated to us that he saw a man as such.”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ انْتَفَى مِنْ وَلَدِهَا ثُمَّ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ بَعْدَ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ وَلَدَهَا وَلَدُهُ هَلْ تُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ لَا تُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ مَنْ يَرِثُ الْوَلَدَ قَالَ أُمُّهُ فَقُلْتُ‌ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَتِ الْأُمُّ فَوَرِثَهَا الْغُلَامُ ثُمَّ مَا

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife and rejects her child; then calls himself lying after forming Mula ‘anah and thinks that her child is his child if she is returned to him. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, and it is not honorable. She is not returned to him and i

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْ ادَّعَى وَلَدَهَا وَ أَقَرَّ بِهِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْهُ قَالَ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُ وَ لَا يُجْلَدُ لِأَنَّ اللِّعَانَ قَدْ مَضَى.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife when she is pregnant. When the child is born, he claims her child with confession and thinks that the child is his child. He (the Imam) said, ‘The child is returned to him but cannot inherit his legacy and he is not whipp

فِي رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ انْتَفَى مِنْ وَلَدِهَا ثُمَّ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ بَعْدَ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْوَلَدَ لَهُ هَلْ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَا أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ وَ أَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَحِلُّ لَهُ أَبَداً فَسَأَلْتُهُ مَنْ يَرِثُ الْوَلَدَ قَالَ أَخْوَالُهُ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ فَوَرِثَهَا الْغُلَامُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْ

“About the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife and denies her child, then calls himself a liar after forming Mula ‘anah and thinks that the child is his child; if the child can be returned to him, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The child is returned to him. The child is not called his child, he does

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ إِذَا تَلَاعَنَا وَ تَفَرَّقَا وَ قَالَ زَوْجُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدُ وَلَدِي وَ أَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ قَالَ أَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ وَ لَكِنْ أَرُدُّ إِلَيْهِ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَّعِهِ أَبُوهُ فَإِنَّ أَخْوَالَهُ يَرِثُونَهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُمْ فَإِنْ دَعَاهُ أَحَدٌ بِابْنِ الزَّانِيَةِ جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ. قَالَ الْ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who forms Mula ‘anah against his wife, then they separate from each other. The husband thereafter says that the child is his child and he calls himself a liar. He (the Imam) said, ‘The woman cannot return to him but the child must be joined with him; he canno

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ادَّعَتْهُ النِّسَاءُ دُونَ الرِّجَالِ بَعْدَ مَا ذَهَبَتْ رِجَالُهُنَّ وَ انْقَرَضُوا وَ صَارَ رَجُلًا وَ زَوَّجْنَهُ وَ أَدْخَلْنَهُ فِي مَنَازِلِهِنَّ وَ فِي يَدَيْ رَجُلٍ دَارٌ- فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عَصَبَةُ الرِّجَالِ وَ النِّسَاءِ الَّذِينَ انْقَرَضُوا فَنَاشَدُوهُ اللَّهَ أَنْ لَا يُعْطِيَ حَقَّهُمْ مَنْ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمْ وَ قَدْ عَرَفَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي فِي يَدَيْهِ الدَّا

“Ishaq ibn ‘Ammar narrated to me that he once asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), about the case of a man against whom a woman without a man had laid a claim when their men were no more. When he became a man, the women married him and allowed him to enter their homes. A man had a house in his possession. The relatives of men and

أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى وَلِيدَةِ قَوْمٍ حَرَاماً ثُمَّ اشْتَرَاهَا ثُمَّ ادَّعَى وَلَدَهَا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُورَثُ مِنْهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَالَ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَ لِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَ لَا يُورَثُ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ يَدَّعِي ابْنَ وَلِيدَتِهِ وَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ بِوَلَدِهِ ثُمَّ انْتَفَى مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ يَلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مِ

“This is a pronouncement from abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.). He (the Imam) has said, Tf a man falls upon a slave-girl of a people unlawfully, then buys her and claims her child, he cannot inherit from such a child anything. It is because the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of

كُنَّا عَلَى بَابِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ نَحْنُ جَمَاعَةٌ نَنْتَظِرُهُ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِذْ جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ أَيُّكُمْ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا الْقَوْمُ مَا تُرِيدِينَ مِنْهُ قَالَتْ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَقَالُوا لَهَا هَذَا فَقِيهُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ فَسَلِيهِ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ زَوْجِي مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ مِنْ صَدَاقِي خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَخَذْتُ ص

“Once we were with abu Ja‘far (a.s.). We were in a group waiting for him (the Imam) to come out. A woman came and asked, ’Which one of you is abu Ja‘far?’ The people asked, ‘What for are you asking for him?’ She replied, T want to ask him about an issue.’ They said, ‘This is the jurist of the people of Iraq. You can as

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ يَا عَمْرَو بْنَ قَيْسٍ أَ شَعَرْتَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَرْسَلَ رَسُولًا وَ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ كِتَاباً وَ أَنْزَلَ فِي الْكِتَابِ كُلَّ مَا يُحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ وَ جَعَلَ لَهُ دَلِيلًا يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ وَ جَعَلَ لِكُلِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ حَدّاً وَ لِمَنْ جَاوَزَ الْحَدَّ حَدّاً قَالَ قُلْتُ أَرْسَلَ رَسُولًا وَ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ كِتَاباً وَ أَنْزَلَ فِي الْكِتَابِ كُلَّ مَا يُحْتَاجُ إِلَي

Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Hassan, fromMuhammad Bin Ali, from Abu Jameela, from Ibn Dubays Al Kufy, from Amro Bin Qays who said, ‘Abu Abdullah asws said: ‘O Amro Bin Qays! Are you aware that Allah azwj Mighty and Majestic Sent a Rasool saww and Revealed unto him saww a Book, and Revealed in the Book everythin

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِنَّ أَصْحَابَ النَّبِيِّ ص قَالُوا لِسَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ وَجَدْتَ عَلَى بَطْنِ امْرَأَتِكَ رَجُلًا مَا كُنْتَ صَانِعاً بِهِ قَالَ كُنْتُ أَضْرِبُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ قَالَ فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ مَا ذَا يَا سَعْدُ قَالَ سَعْدٌ قَالُوا لَوْ وَجَدْتَ عَلَى بَطْنِ امْرَأَتِكَ رَجُلًا مَا كُنْتَ تَصْنَعُ بِهِ فَقُلْتُ أَضْرِبُهُ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَالَ يَا س

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Fazalat Bin Ayoub, from Dawood Bin Farqad who said, ‘I heard Abu Abdullah asws saying that the companions of the Prophet saww said to Sa’ad Bin Ubada, ‘What is your view, if you were to find a man upon the belly of your wife, ho

الرَّجْمُ‌ حَدُّ اللَّهِ الْأَكْبَرُ وَ الْجَلْدُ حَدُّ اللَّهِ الْأَصْغَرُ فَإِذَا زَنَى الرَّجُلُ الْمُحْصَنُ يُرْجَمُ وَ لَمْ يُجْلَدْ.

Muhammad Bin Yahya narrated to me, and someone else, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Isa, from Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Al Nazar Bin Suweyd, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Abu Baseer, Abu Abdullah asws has said: ‘The stoning is a bigger Penalty ( Hadd ) of Allah azwj and the whipping is the smaller Penalty ( Hadd ) of Allah

الْحُرُّ وَ الْحُرَّةُ إِذَا زَنَيَا جُلِدَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ فَأَمَّا الْمُحْصَنُ وَ الْمُحْصَنَةُ فَعَلَيْهِمَا الرَّجْمُ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from Muhammad Bin Isa, from Ubeyd, from Yunus, from Sama’at, Abu Abdullah asws has said: ‘The free man and the free woman, when they commit adultery, every one of the two would be whipped with one hundred lashes. So, as for the married man and the married woman, upon the both of them is the stoning’.

الْمُحْصَنُ يُرْجَمُ وَ الَّذِي قَدْ أُمْلِكَ وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا فَجَلْدُ مِائَةٍ وَ نَفْيُ سَنَةٍ.

And by his chain, from Yunus, from the one who reported it, from Zurara, Abu Ja’far asws has said: ‘The married man would be stoned, and the one who had a slave girl and did not copulate with her, so whip him one hundred lashes and exile him for a year’.

الَّذِي لَمْ يُحْصَنْ يُجْلَدُ مِائَةَ جَلْدَةٍ وَ لَا يُنْفَى وَ الَّذِي قَدْ أُمْلِكَ وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا يُجْلَدُ مِائَةً وَ يُنْفَى.

A number of our companions, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad,f rom Al Husayn Bin Saeed, from Fazalat, from Musa Bin Bakr, from Zurara, Abu Ja’far asws has said: ‘(For adultery), the one who is not married, he should be whipped one hundred lashes, and he would not be exiled, and the one who has a slave girl and did not copulate

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الشَّيْخِ وَ الشَّيْخَةِ أَنْ يُجْلَدَا مِائَةً وَ قَضَى لِلْمُحْصَنِ الرَّجْمَ وَ قَضَى فِي الْبِكْرِ وَ الْبِكْرَةِ إِذَا زَنَيَا جَلْدَ مِائَةٍ وَ نَفْيَ سَنَةٍ فِي غَيْرِ مِصْرِهِمَا وَ هُمَا اللَّذَانِ قَدْ أُمْلِكَا وَ لَمْ يَدْخُلَا بِهَا.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Najran, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Muhammad Bin Qays, Abu Ja’far asws has said: ‘Amir Al-Momineen asws judged with regards to an old man and an old woman that they should both be whipped one hundred lashes, and judged with regards to the married man for the stoning, and j

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع- عَنْ رَجُلٍ إِذَا هُوَ زَنَى وَ عِنْدَهُ السُّرِّيَّةُ وَ الْأَمَةُ يَطَؤُهَا تُحْصِنُهُ الْأَمَةُ وَ تَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّمَا ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّ عِنْدَهُ مَا يُغْنِيهِ عَنِ الزِّنَى قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ أَمَةٌ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَطَؤُهَا فَقَالَ لَا يُصَدَّقُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ مُتْعَةً أَ تُحْصِنُهُ قَالَ لَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ عَلَى الشَّيْ‌ءِ

Abu Ali Al Ashary, from Muhammad Bin Abdul Jabbar, form Safwan, from Is’haq Bin Ammar who said, ‘I asked Abu Ibrahim asws about a man when he commits adultery and with him is the paramour and the slave girl whom he goes to. The slave girl, he copulates with her and she is with him. So he asws said: ‘Yes, but rather bec

لَا إِنَّمَا ذَاكَ عَلَى الشَّيْ‌ءِ الدَّائِمِ عِنْدَهُ.

Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, form Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hisham and Hafs Bin Al Bakhtary, from the one who mentioned, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding the man who married the temporary marriage, would he be (classified as) married?’ He asws said: ‘No. But rather that (being married) is upon the