Roots of Disbelief

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ أُصُولُ الْكُفْرِ ثَلَاثَةٌ الْحِرْصُ وَ الِاسْتِكْبَارُ وَ الْحَسَدُ فَأَمَّا الْحِرْصُ فَإِنَّ آدَمَ ع حِينَ نُهِيَ عَنِ الشَّجَرَةِ حَمَلَهُ الْحِرْصُ عَلَى أَنْ أَكَلَ مِنْهَا وَ أَمَّا الِاسْتِكْبَارُ فَإِبْلِيسُ حَيْثُ أُمِرَ بِالسُّجُودِ لآِدَمَ فَأَبَى وَ أَمَّا الْحَسَدُ فَابْنَا آدَمَ حَيْثُ قَتَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ‌[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) has said, ‘The roots of disbelief are three: Greed, Self- aggrandizement and Envy. It was greed that led Adam to eat from the prohibited tree. It was Self-aggrandizement that led Satan to refuse prostration before Adam. Envy led one of the sons of Adam to murder his own brother.’”

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ أَرْكَانُ الْكُفْرِ أَرْبَعَةٌ الرَّغْبَةُ وَ الرَّهْبَةُ[2] وَ السَّخَطُ وَ الْغَضَبُ.

2. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from al-Nawfali from al-Sakuni from abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Holy Prophet has said, ‘The pillars of disbelief are four: Greed, Fear, Resentment and Anger.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا عُصِيَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِهِ سِتٌّ حُبُّ الدُّنْيَا وَ حُبُّ الرِّئَاسَةِ وَ حُبُّ الطَّعَامِ وَ حُبُّ النَّوْمِ وَ حُبُّ الرَّاحَةِ وَ حُبُّ النِّسَاءِ[3].

“The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘The things with which Allah was disobeyed first were six: Love of the worldly things, Love to be the leader, Love for food, Love to sleep, Love for comfort and Love of women (to such extremes that may lead one to sins).”’

أَيُّ الْأَعْمَالِ أَبْغَضُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَقَالَ الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَا ذَا قَالَ قَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ قَالَ ثُمَّ مَا ذَا قَالَ الْأَمْرُ بِالْمُنْكَرِ وَ النَّهْيُ عَنِ الْمَعْرُوفِ.

“Once a man from Khath’am (a tribe) came to the Holy Prophet and asked, ‘Which of the acts is more resented in the sight of Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy?’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Considering things as partners of Allah.’ The man asked, then what is more resented?’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘Disregar

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ عَلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرِ[2] إِنْ حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ وَ إِنْ وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ وَ إِنِ ائْتُمِنَ خَانَ مَا مَنْزِلَتُهُ قَالَ هِيَ أَدْنَى الْمَنَازِلِ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ وَ لَيْسَ بِكَافِرٍ.

“Once I said to Abu ‘Abdillah (a.s.) ‘A man who is in this cause (belief of Shi’a Muslims), but the words he speaks are lies, disregards his promise, and violates his trust. What is his value?’ The Imam said, ‘It is very close to disbelief but he is not an unbeliever.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مِنْ عَلَامَاتِ الشَّقَاءِ جُمُودُ الْعَيْنِ وَ قَسْوَةُ الْقَلْبِ وَ شِدَّةُ الْحِرْصِ فِي طَلَبِ الدُّنْيَا وَ الْإِصْرَارُ عَلَى الذَّنْبِ.

“The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Among the signs of wickedness is piercing eyes (devoid of bashfulness), hardheartedness, intense greed for worldly gains and persistence in sins.’”

خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص النَّاسَ فَقَالَ أَ لَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِشِرَارِكُمْ قَالُوا بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ الَّذِي يَمْنَعُ رِفْدَهُ‌[3] وَ يَضْرِبُ عَبْدَهُ وَ يَتَزَوَّدُ وَحْدَهُ فَظَنُّوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَخْلُقْ خَلْقاً هُوَ شَرٌّ مِنْ هَذَا ثُمَّ قَالَ أَ لَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِمَنْ هُوَ شَرٌّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ الَّذِي لَا يُرْجَى خَيْرُهُ وَ لَا يُؤْمَنُ شَرُّهُ فَظَنّ

“Once the Messenger of Allah addressed the people and asked, ‘Should I tell you about the wicked ones among you?’ They said, ‘Yes, O Messenger of Allah, please do so.’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘They are those of you who refuse to make any gifts (to anyone), beat up their slaves and supplies just his own self. ’ The

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ ثَلَاثٌ مَنْ كُنَّ فِيهِ كَانَ مُنَافِقاً- وَ إِنْ صَامَ وَ صَلَّى وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مُسْلِمٌ مَنْ إِذَا ائْتُمِنَ خَانَ وَ إِذَا حَدَّثَ كَذَبَ وَ إِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ فِي كِتَابِهِ‌ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ الْخائِنِينَ‌[1] وَ قَالَ‌ أَنَّ لَعْنَتَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ كانَ مِنَ الْكاذِبِينَ‌[2] وَ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ اذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتابِ إِ

“The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘There are three things that on being found in a person prove him to be a hypocrite, even though he may fast, pray and think that he is a Muslim: Violation of trust when he is thought of as trustworthy, lying in one’s words and disregard of one’s promises. Allah, the Most Majestic, the

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ أَ لَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِأَبْعَدِكُمْ مِنِّي شَبَهاً قَالُوا بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ الْفَاحِشُ الْمُتَفَحِّشُ الْبَذِي‌ءُ[4] الْبَخِيلُ الْمُخْتَالُ الْحَقُودُ الْحَسُودُ الْقَاسِي الْقَلْبِ الْبَعِيدُ مِنْ كُلِّ خَيْرٍ يُرْجَى غَيْرُ الْمَأْمُونِ مِنْ كُلِّ شَرٍّ يُتَّقَى.

“The Messenger of Allah once asked, ‘Should I tell you who is more dissimilar to me among you?’ They said, ‘Yes, O Messenger of Allah, please do so.’ The Messenger of Allah said, ‘He is an indecent, scandalous one, foulmouthed, stingy, deceitful, hateful, envious, and hardhearted who is far from being expected to do an

إِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ هَلَاكَ عَبْدٍ نَزَعَ مِنْهُ الْحَيَاءَ[6] فَإِذَا نَزَعَ مِنْهُ الْحَيَاءَ لَمْ تَلْقَهُ إِلَّا خَائِناً مَخُوناً فَإِذَا كَانَ خَائِناً مَخُوناً نُزِعَتْ مِنْهُ الْأَمَانَةُ فَإِذَا نُزِعَتْ مِنْهُ الْأَمَانَةُ لَمْ تَلْقَهُ إِلَّا فَظّاً غَلِيظاً فَإِذَا كَانَ فَظّاً غَلِيظاً نُزِعَتْ مِنْهُ رِبْقَةُ الْإِيمَانِ‌[7] فَإِذَا نُزِعَتْ مِنْهُ رِبْقَةُ الْإِيمَانِ لَمْ تَلْقَهُ إِل

“When Allah, the Most Majestic, the Most Holy, wants to destroy a person He removes bashfulness from him. When bashfulness is removed, you will not find anything in him but deceit and causing deception. When one is deceitful and deceptive, no one trusts him and when he can no longer be trusted you will not find him any

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ ثَلَاثٌ مَلْعُونَاتٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ فَعَلَهُنَّ الْمُتَغَوِّطُ فِي ظِلِّ النُّزَّالِ وَ الْمَانِعُ الْمَاءَ الْمُنْتَابَ وَ السَّادُّ الطَّرِيقَ الْمُعْرَبَةَ[1].

“The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘Three things are condemned and condemned are those who perform them: Defecating in recreational places, blocking allocated water and blocking public roads.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ ثَلَاثٌ مَلْعُونٌ مَنْ فَعَلَهُنَّ الْمُتَغَوِّطُ فِي ظِلِّ النُّزَّالِ وَ الْمَانِعُ الْمَاءَ الْمُنْتَابَ وَ السَّادُّ الطَّرِيقَ الْمَسْلُوكَ.

“The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘There are three things whose performer is condemned: Defecating in recreational places, blocking allocated water and public roads.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ أَ لَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِشِرَارِ رِجَالِكُمْ قُلْنَا بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ إِنَّ مِنْ شِرَارِ رِجَالِكُمُ الْبَهَّاتَ‌[2] الْجَرِي‌ءَ الْفَحَّاشَ الْآكِلَ وَحْدَهُ وَ الْمَانِعَ رِفْدَهُ- وَ الضَّارِبَ عَبْدَهُ وَ الْمُلْجِئَ عِيَالَهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ.

“The Messenger of Allah (a.s.) once asked, ‘Should I tell you who is the most wicked among your men?’ They said, ‘Yes, O Messenger of Allah.’ He said, ‘Of the wicked ones among you is a man, accusing, boldly foulmouthed, eating all alone, refusing to give any gifts, beats up his slave and causes his family to seek refu

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ خَمْسَةٌ لَعَنْتُهُمْ وَ كُلُّ نَبِيٍّ مُجَابٍ‌[1] الزَّائِدُ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ التَّارِكُ لِسُنَّتِي- وَ الْمُكَذِّبُ بِقَدَرِ اللَّهِ وَ الْمُسْتَحِلُّ مِنْ عِتْرَتِي مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَ الْمُسْتَأْثِرُ بِالْفَيْ‌ءِ وَ الْمُسْتَحِلُّ لَهُ‌[2].

14. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘Umayr from Muyassir from his father from abu Ja’far (a.s.) who has said the following: “The Messenger of Allah has said, ‘I have condemned five things and so also has every prophet whose prayer would not miss acceptance: One who adds things to the book of A