The Book of Inheritance

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ يُزَوَّجُ الصَّبِيَّةَ هَلْ يَتَوَارَثَانِ قَالَ إِذَا كَانَ أَبَوَاهُمَا [هُمَا] اللَّذَانِ زَوَّجَاهُمَا فَنَعَمْ قُلْتُ أَ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ الْأَبِ قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a child who marries a female child; if they inherit each other. He (the Imam) said, ‘If their fathers are the ones who have arranged their marriage then they inherit.’ I then asked, ‘Is their divorce by father permissible?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘No, it is not permis

لَهَا نِصْفُ الصَّدَاقِ وَ لَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ وَ عَلَيْهَا الْعِدَّةُ.

“About the case of a woman whose husband has died before going to bed with her, Ali ibn al-Husayn (a.s.), has said that she receives one-half of mahr (dower) and her share of inheritance and she must complete ‘Iddah (waiting period).’”

إِنْ كَانَ فَرَضَ لَهَا مَهْراً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَ هِيَ تَرِثُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَرَضَ لَهَا مَهْراً فَلَا مَهْرَ لَهَا وَ هُوَ يَرِثُهَا.

“This is about the case of a man who dies before going to bed with his wife. Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If mahr (dower) was assigned for her, she receives one-half as well as her share of inheritance but if mahr (dower) was not assigned she does not have any mahr (dower) but inherits from the legacy.’”

لَهَا نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ وَ لَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ كَامِلًا.

“About the case of a man who dies and has a wife with whom he has not gone to bed, one of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘She must receive one-half of her mahr (dower) and complete inheritance.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَزَوَّجُ امْرَأَةً وَ لَمْ يَفْرِضْ لَهَا صَدَاقاً فَمَاتَ عَنْهَا أَوْ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا مَا لَهَا عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لَهَا صَدَاقٌ وَ هِيَ تَرِثُهُ وَ يَرِثُهَا.

“I asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and has a wife with whom he has not gone to bed. He (the Imam) said, ‘She does not receive any mahr (dower) but she receives complete inheritance and he can inherit her legacy.’”

إِذَا طُلِّقَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا وَ هِيَ فِي عِدَّةٍ مِنْهُ لَمْ تَحْرُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّهَا تَرِثُهُ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُهَا مَا دَامَتْ فِي الدَّمِ مِنْ حَيْضَتِهَا الثَّانِيَةِ[1] مِنَ التَّطْلِيقَتَيْنِ‌ الْأَوَّلَتَيْنِ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ فَإِنَّهَا لَا تَرِثُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا شَيْئاً وَ لَا يَرِثُ مِنْهَا.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘If a woman is divorced and the husband dies during her ‘Iddah (waiting period), she is no stranger to him and she inherits as long as she has not experienced her second cycle of Hayd (menses) after the first two time divorces. When she is divorced for the third time, then she does not rec

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُطَلِّقُ الْمَرْأَةَ فَقَالَ تَرِثُهُ وَ يَرِثُهَا مَا دَامَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ.

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who divorces his wife. He (the Imam) said, ‘She inherits him and he inherits her as long as he has the right to go back to her.’”

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ وَ هُوَ صَحِيحٌ لَا رَجْعَةَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا لَمْ تَرِثْهُ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهَا وَ قَالَ هُوَ يَرِثُ وَ يُورَثُ مَا لَمْ تَرَ الدَّمَ مِنَ الْحَيْضَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيْهَا رَجْعَةٌ[1].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a man in good health divorces his wife as such wherein he does not have the right to go back to her, she then does not inherit him and he does not inherit her legacy.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘If he in a divorce has the right to go back to her then she inherits him and he inherits he

تَرِثُهُ مَا دَامَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ إِلَى سَنَةٍ.

“About the case of a man who in good health divorces his wife twice, then divorces for the third time when he is ill, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘She inherits him as long as he is ill even if his illness lasts for one year.’”

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ الْمَرْأَةَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَرِثَتْهُ مَا دَامَ فِي مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَصِحَّ مِنْهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَإِنْ طَالَ بِهِ الْمَرَضُ قَالَ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ سَنَةٍ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If a man during his illness divorces his wife she inherits him during that illness even if her ‘Iddah (waiting period) is complete unless he recovers from that illness.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if the illness prolongs?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is from that time (divorce) up to one

تَرِثُهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُهَا إِذَا انْقَضَتِ الْعِدَّةُ[2].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘She inherits him but he does not inherit her (if divorce takes place in his illness) when ‘Iddah (waiting period) is complete.’”

إِنْ مَاتَ فِي مَرَضِهِ ذَلِكَ وَ هِيَ مُقِيمَةٌ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ تَتَزَوَّجْ وَرِثَتْهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَقَدْ رَضِيَتِ الَّذِي صَنَعَ وَ لَا مِيرَاثَ لَهَا.

“About the case of a man who is ill and divorces his wife, abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If he dies from that illness and she stays for him unmarried, she inherits him, but if she has married then she has accepted what he has done, thus, there is no inheritance for her.’”

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْخُذُ مِيرَاثَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ إِذَا مَاتَ وَ لَهُ قَرَابَةٌ كَانَ يَدْفَعُ إِلَى قَرَابَتِهِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), did not take the legacy of any of his Mawali upon their death; instead if he had a relative he (the Imam) would give it to them/”

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي خَالَةٍ جَاءَتْ تُخَاصِمُ فِي مَوْلَى رَجُلٍ مَاتَ فَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ- وَ أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ‌ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى‌ بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتابِ اللَّهِ‌ فَدَفَعَ الْمِيرَاثَ إِلَى الْخَالَةِ وَ لَمْ يُعْطِ الْمَوْلَى.

“Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said that ’ Amir al-Mu’minin, issued a judgment in the case of a maternal aunt who disputed against a Mawla’ (master) of a man who had died. He read this verse, . the relatives have priority over each other according to the book of Allah.’ (33:6) He (the Imam) gave the legacy to the maternal aun

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَيُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ لِلْمَوَالِي فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ إِلَّا مَا قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌ إِلَّا أَنْ تَفْعَلُوا إِلى‌ أَوْلِيائِكُمْ مَعْرُوفاً[1].

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about what is for a Mawla ’ (Master). He (the Imam) said, ‘There is nothing for them (Mawla’ (Masters)) except what Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘. . . except if you do well-liked favor to your guardians.’ (33:6)”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَيُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ لِلْمَوَالِي مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ شَيْ‌ءٌ إِلَّا التَّرْبَاءُ يَعْنِي التُّرَابَ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about what Mawla’ (Master) receives of inheritance. He (the Imam) said, ‘They receive nothing except soil, that is, dirt.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِذَا مَاتَ مَوْلًى لَهُ وَ تَرَكَ ذَا قَرَابَةٍ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِ شَيْئاً وَ يَقُولُ- أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى‌ بِبَعْضٍ‌.

“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying that Ali (a.s.), upon the death of his slaves did not take anything from their legacy if they left any relatives, and he would say, ‘. . . relatives have priority to each other.’”

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ وَ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَةَ أُخْتٍ لَهُ وَ تَرَكَ مَوَالِيَ وَ لَهُ عِنْدِي أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ‌ بِهَا أَحَدٌ فَجَاءَتِ ابْنَةُ أُخْتِهِ فَرَهَنَتْ عِنْدِي مُصْحَفاً فَأَعْطَيْتُهَا ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْهَماً فَقَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع حِينَ قُلْتُ لَهُ عَلِمَ بِهَا أَحَدٌ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَأَعْطِهَا إِيَّاهَا قِطْعَةً قِطْعَةً وَ لَا

“A man asked him (the Imam) about the case of a man who dies leaving behind the daughter of his sister and slaves. He has left one thousand dirham with him about which no one knows anything. The daughter of his sister came and left a holy book with him as a security deposit. He gave her thirty dirham. I heard abu ‘Abd

كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع لَا يَأْخُذُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِ مَوْلًى لَهُ إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ ذُو قَرَابَةٍ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُونُوا مِمَّنْ يَجْرِي لَهُمُ الْمِيرَاثُ الْمَفْرُوضُ فَكَانَ يَدْفَعُ مَالَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), did not take anything from legacy of his slaves if they had relatives; and if the relatives were not of those who have the ordained shares, he would distribute the legacy among them (relatives).”

مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فَقَالَ انْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً فَقِيلَ لَهُ ابْنَتَانِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَانِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ مَوْلَاهُ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمَالِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that a slave of Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, died. He asked to ascertain if he has left any relatives. It was said that he has two daughters in Yamamah who are owned. He (the Imam) bought them from the legacy of his slave who had died, then gave them the rest of the legacy.”’

مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ ع قَالَ انْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً فَقِيلَ لَهُ ابْنَتَانِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَانِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمَالِ. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ‌ مِثْلَهُ.

“A slave of Ali ibn al-Husayn, ‘Alayhim al-Salam, died. He said, ‘You must look if you can find his heirs.’ It was said that he has two daughters in Yamamah who are owned. He (the Imam) bought them from the assets of the deceased and gave the rest of legacy to them.’” Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقَوْمِ يَغْرَقُونَ فِي السَّفِينَةِ أَوْ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْبَيْتُ فَيَمُوتُونَ فَلَا يُعْلَمُ أَيُّهُمْ مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَالَ يُوَرَّثُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ كَذَلِكَ هُوَ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ع. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ يُونُسَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ‌ مِثْلَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ كَذَلِكَ وَجَدْنَاهُ فِي كِتَابِ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a people who drown with a ship or a house falls on them and they die; and it is not known who has died first. He (the Imam) said, ‘They inherit each other and that is how it is in the book of Ali (a.s.).”’ Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Yu

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ بَيْتٍ وَقَعَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مُجْتَمِعِينَ فَلَا يُدْرَى أَيُّهُمْ مَاتَ قَبْلُ قَالَ فَقَالَ يُوَرَّثُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ أَدْخَلَ فِيهَا شَيْئاً قَالَ وَ مَا أَدْخَلَ قُلْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ أَخَوَيْنِ أَحَدُهُمَا مَوْلَايَ وَ الْآخَرُ مَوْلًى لِرَجُلٍ لِأَحَدِهِمَا مِائَةُ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ الْآخَرُ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ رَكِبَا فِي السَّفِينَةِ فَغَرِقَا فَلَمْ يُدْرَ أَي

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about a people on whom a house falls and they all die. It is not known who has died first. He (the Imam) said, ‘They all inherit each other.’ I then said, ‘Abu Hanifah has introduced something in it.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What has he introduced?’ I said, ‘Two men who were

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ وَ امْرَأَةٌ سَقَطَ عَلَيْهِمَا الْبَيْتُ فَمَاتَا قَالَ يُوَرَّثُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ قَدْ أَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي هَذَا شَيْئاً قَالَ وَ أَيَّ شَيْ‌ءٍ أَدْخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ قُلْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ أَخَوَيْنِ أَعْجَمِيَّيْنِ لَيْسَ لَهُمَا وَارِثٌ إِلَّا مَوَالِيهِمَا أَحَدُهُمَا لَهُ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ مَعْرُوفَةٍ وَ الْآخَرُ

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, about the case of a man and a woman on whom a wall falls and they die. He (the Imam) said, ‘The man inherits from the woman and the woman inherits from the man.’ I then said that abu Hanifah has introduced something in it.’ He (the Imam) asked, ‘What has he introduced in i

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع بِالْيَمَنِ فِي قَوْمٍ انْهَدَمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ دَارٌ لَهُمْ فَبَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ صَبِيَّانِ أَحَدُهُمَا مَمْلُوكٌ وَ الْآخَرُ حُرٌّ فَأَسْهَمَ بَيْنَهُمَا فَخَرَجَ السَّهْمُ عَلَى أَحَدِهِمَا فَجَعَلَ الْمَالَ لَهُ وَ أَعْتَقَ الْآخَرَ.

“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said that Amir al- Mu’minin issued a judgment in Yemen about a people on whom a house had collapsed and only two children were left, of whom one was owned and the other was free. He (the Imam) by means of raffle gave the assets to the one whos

تُوَرَّثُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ وَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ مَعْنَاهُ يُوَرَّثُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ مِنْ صُلْبِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مِمَّا يُورَثُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ شَيْئاً.

“About the case of a man and a woman on whom a house falls, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘The woman inherits from the man and the man inherits from the woman, which means that they inherit from the original of each other’s assets and not from what they inherit from each other.’”

أَنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَضَى فِي رَجُلٍ وَ امْرَأَةٍ مَاتَا جَمِيعاً فِي الطَّاعُونِ مَاتَا عَلَى فِرَاشٍ وَاحِدٍ وَ يَدُ الرَّجُلِ وَ رِجْلُهُ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ فَجَعَلَ الْمِيرَاثَ لِلرَّجُلِ وَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ مَاتَ بَعْدَهَا[1].

“About the case of a man and a woman who die together because of plague on one bed and the hand and leg of the man are found on the woman, ’ Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment that gave the assets to the man because of his death after the woman.’”

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي بَيْتٍ سَقَطَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ وَ بَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ صَبِيَّانِ أَحَدُهُمَا حُرٌّ وَ الْآخَرُ مَمْلُوكٌ لِصَاحِبِهِ فَلَمْ يُعْرَفِ الْحُرُّ مِنَ الْمَمْلُوكِ فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يُعْتَقُ نِصْفُ هَذَا وَ يُعْتَقُ نِصْفُ هَذَا وَ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ وَ لَكِنَّهُ يُقْرَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا

“Once abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), said to abu Hanifah, ‘O abu Hanifah, what do you say about the case of a people who all die because of the fall of a house? Only two children remain, of whom one is free and the other is a slave of his companion but it is not known which is which’ Abu Hanifah said, ‘One-half of this and one

إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمَّا هَزَمَ طَلْحَةَ وَ الزُّبَيْرَ أَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ فَمَرُّوا بِامْرَأَةٍ حَامِلٍ عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَفَزِعَتْ مِنْهُمْ فَطَرَحَتْ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حَيّاً فَاضْطَرَبَ حَتَّى مَاتَ ثُمَّ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيٌّ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حُبْلَى فَفَزِعَتْ ح

“When Ali (a.s.), defeated Talhah and al-Zubayr, people came defeated and passed by a pregnant woman on the road who was frightened and miscarried her child who was alive but then died. She, because of shock died after the child. Ali (a.s.), and his people passed by where she with her child was left on the road. He (th

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي دِيَةِ الْمَقْتُولِ أَنَّهُ يَرِثُهَا الْوَرَثَةُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَ سِهَامِهِمْ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَى الْمَقْتُولِ دَيْنٌ إِلَّا الْإِخْوَةَ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مِنْ دِيَتِهِ شَيْئاً.

“’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), issued a judgment about the wergild of one slain that the heirs inherit from it according to the book of Allah their shares if there is no debt on the deceased except the brothers and sisters from the mother’s side who do not inherit from the wergild anything.’”

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ‌ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّ الدِّيَةَ يَرِثُهَا الْوَرَثَةُ إِلَّا الْإِخْوَةَ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that Amir al-Mu’minin issued a judgment that said, ’All heirs inherit from the wergild except brothers and sisters from the mother’s side.’”

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَنَّ الدِّيَةَ يَرِثُهَا الْوَرَثَةُ إِلَّا الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً.

’All heirs inherit from the wergild except brothers and sisters from the mother’s side who do not inherit anything from the wergild.’”

قَالَ: الدِّيَةُ يَرِثُهَا الْوَرَثَةُ عَلَى فَرَائِضِ الْمَوَارِيثِ إِلَّا الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً.

“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said, ’From the wergild the heirs receive according to their ordained shares except brothers and sisters from the mother’s side who do not inherit anything thereof.’”

لَا يَرِثُ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْئاً.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that brothers from mother’s side do not receive any share from the wergild.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُقْتَلُ وَ يَتْرُكُ دَيْناً وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَيَأْخُذُ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ الدِّيَةَ أَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْضُوا دَيْنَهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ شَيْئاً قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّمَا أَخَذُوا دِيَتَهُ فَعَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَقْضُوا دَيْنَهُ‌[1].

“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who is killed, leaving behind a debt and has left no assets but his heirs receive the wergild; if they must pay his debt. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, they must do so.’ I then asked, ‘Even if he does not leave anything they must pay his debts?’ He (the Imam) sa

سَأَلْتُهُ هَلْ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ مِنَ الدِّيَةِ شَيْ‌ءٌ قَالَ لَا.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), if brothers from mother’s side can receive any inheritance from the wergild. He (the Imam) said, ‘No, they cannot do so.’”

لَا يَتَوَارَثُ رَجُلَانِ قَتَلَ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ.

“Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘Two people of whom one has killed the other cannot inherit each other.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ أُمَّهُ أَ يَرِثُهَا قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي ع يَقُولُ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ ذُو رَحِمٍ قَتَلَ قَرِيبَهُ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has killed his mother; if he can inherit her. He (the Imam) said, ‘I heard my father (a.s.), saying, “Whoever of the relatives kills one of his relatives he cannot inherit from that relative.’””

لَا يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا قَتَلَ وَلَدَهُ أَوْ وَالِدَهُ وَ لَكِنْ يَكُونُ الْمِيرَاثُ لِوَرَثَةِ الْقَاتِلِ.

“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘A man who kills his son or father cannot inherit from him, but the legacy is for the heirs of the killer.’”

لَا يَرِثُهَا وَ يُقْتَلُ بِهَا صَاغِراً وَ لَا أَظُنُّ قَتْلَهُ بِهَا كَفَّارَةً لِذَنْبِهِ.

“About the case of a man who kills his mother, abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘He cannot inherit from her. Instead he is executed against his wishes and I do not think that his execution can remedy his sin.’”

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا مِيرَاثَ لِلْقَاتِلِ.

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said that a murderer cannot receive inheritance.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ شَرِبَتْ دَوَاءً وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ وَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِذَلِكَ زَوْجُهَا فَأَلْقَتْ وَلَدَهَا قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَظْمٌ وَ قَدْ نَبَتَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّحْمُ عَلَيْهَا دِيَةٌ تُسَلِّمُهَا لِأَبِيهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ حِينَ طَرَحَتْهُ عَلَقَةً أَوْ مُضْغَةً فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَاراً أَوْ غُرَّةً[1] تُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ قُلْتُ لَهُ فَهِيَ لَا تَرِثُ وَلَدَهَا مِ

“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a woman who takes medicine when pregnant without informing her husband, and miscarries her child. He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said, ‘If the child had grown bones and flesh then the wergild is due on her which she must pay to the father; but if the mis

لَا يُقْتَلُ الرَّجُلُ بِوَلَدِهِ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ وَ يُقْتَلُ الْوَلَدُ بِوَالِدِهِ إِذَا قَتَلَ وَالِدَهُ وَ لَا يَرِثُ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ إِذَا قَتَلَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ خَطَأً[2].

“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A man is not executed because of killing his son but a son is executed because of killing his father; and a man cannot inherit from his father after killing him even if it is by mistake.’”

الْمَرْأَةُ تَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا وَ يَرِثُ مِنْ دِيَتِهَا مَا لَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ.

“Abu Abu Ja‘far (a.s.), has said, ‘A woman inherits from the wergild of her husband and her husband inherits from the wergild of his wife as long as one of them does not kill the other partner.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَلْ لِلْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ دِيَةِ زَوْجِهَا وَ هَلْ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ دِيَةِ امْرَأَتِهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ مَا لَمْ يَقْتُلْ أَحَدُهُمَا الْآخَرَ[3].

“I once asked abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), if a woman can receive anything from the wergild of her husband or a man can receive anything from the wergild of his wife anything. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, they can do so as long as one of them does not kill the other partner.’”

إِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ أَبَاهُ قُتِلَ بِهِ وَ إِنْ قَتَلَهُ أَبُوهُ لَمْ يُقْتَلْ بِهِ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ. الْفَضْلُ بْنُ شَاذَانَ قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ضَرَبَ ابْنَهُ غَيْرَ مُسْرِفٍ فِي ذَلِكَ يُرِيدُ تَأْدِيبَهُ فَقُتِلَ الِابْنُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الضَّرْبِ وَرِثَهُ الْأَبُ وَ لَمْ تَلْزَمْهُ الْكَفَّارَةُ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لِلْأَبِ لِأَنَّهُ مَأْمُورٌ بِتَأْدِيبِ وَلَدِهِ لِأَنَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْإِمَامِ يُقِ

10. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from ibn abu ‘ Umayr from Hammad from al-Halabiy who has narrated the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah, ‘Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘If one kills his father, he is executed for him; but if his father kills him the father is not executed for his son’s murder, however he cannot

فِيمَا رَوَى النَّاسُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ص أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا يَتَوَارَثُ أَهْلُ مِلَّتَيْنِ‌ فَقَالَ نَرِثُهُمْ وَ لَا يَرِثُونَّا لِأَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ فِي حَقِّهِ إِلَّا شِدَّةً.

“This is about what is narrated from the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause. He (the Messenger of Allah) has said that people of two religions do not inherit from each other. Abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘We inherit from them but they c

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ لَا يَرِثُ الْيَهُودِيُّ وَ لَا النَّصْرَانِيُّ الْمُسْلِمَ وَ يَرِثُ الْمُسْلِمُ الْيَهُودِيَّ وَ النَّصْرَانِيَّ.

“I once heard abu Ja‘far, Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘Jews and Christians cannot inherit from the Muslims but a Muslim can inherit from Jews and Christians.’”

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ هَلْ يَرِثُ الْمُشْرِكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لَا يَرِثُ الْمُشْرِكُ الْمُسْلِمَ.

“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, if a Muslim can inherit from a pagan. He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, but a pagan cannot inherit from the Muslim.’”

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ- النَّصْرَانِيُّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ ابْنٌ مُسْلِمٌ أَ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ بِالْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا عِزّاً فَنَحْنُ نَرِثُهُمْ وَ لَا يَرِثُونَّا.

“I once said to abu Ja’far, Alayhi al-Salam, ‘I pray to Allah to keep my soul in service for your cause, if a Christian man dies and has a Muslim son, can he inherit from him?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, because Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, through al-Islam has increased his honor, so we inherit from them but th