الْمُسْلِمُ يَحْجُبُ الْكَافِرَ وَ يَرِثُهُ وَ الْكَافِرُ لَا يَحْجُبُ الْمُؤْمِنَ وَ لَا يَرِثُهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, has said, ‘The Muslim bars a kafir (non-Muslim) and inherits from him, but a kafir cannot bar the believer and cannot inherit from him (believing person).”’
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ الْمُسْلِمُ يَرِثُ امْرَأَتَهُ الذِّمِّيَّةَ وَ لَا تَرِثُهُ.
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah, Alayhi al-Salam, saying, ‘The Muslim inherits from his Dhimmiy (taxpayer) wife and she cannot inherit from him.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ ابْنُ أَخٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ ابْنُ أُخْتٍ مُسْلِمٌ وَ لِلنَّصْرَانِيِّ أَوْلَادٌ وَ زَوْجَةٌ نَصَارَى قَالَ فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَيْ مَا تَرَكَ وَ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أُخْتِهِ ثُلُثَ مَا تَرَكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْوَارِثَيْنِ أَنْ يُنْفِقَا عَلَى الصِّغَارِ مِمَّا وَرِثَا مِنْ أَبِيهِ
“I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a Christian man who has died. The son of his brother is a Muslim and a son of his sister is a Muslim. The Christian man has children and a Christian wife. He (the Imam) said, ’Two-thirds of his legacy must be given to the son of his brother. One-third must be give
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ وَ وُلْدٌ مُسْلِمُونَ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ أُمُّهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مِيرَاثُهُ أُعْطِيَتِ السُّدُسَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَ لَا وُلْدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ أُمُّهُ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ قَرَابَةٌ نَصَارَى مِمَّنْ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَوْ كَانُوا مُسْل
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a Muslim man who has died and his mother is a Christian. He has a wife and Muslim children. He (the Imam) said, ‘If his mother becomes a Muslim before the legacy is distributed, she receives one-sixth.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if he does not have a wife and childre
مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى مِيرَاثٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ فَلَهُ مِيرَاثُهُ وَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ مَا قُسِمَ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If one becomes a Muslim before the legacy is distributed, he receives his share but if one becomes a Muslim after the legacy is distributed then there is nothing for him.’”
مَنْ أَسْلَمَ عَلَى مِيرَاثٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ الْمِيرَاثُ فَهُوَ لَهُ وَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ مَا قُسِمَ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُ وَ مَنْ أُعْتِقَ عَلَى مِيرَاثٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ الْمَوَارِيثُ فَهُوَ لَهُ وَ مَنْ أُعْتِقَ بَعْدَ مَا قُسِمَ فَلَا مِيرَاثَ لَهُ وَ قَالَ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ إِذَا أَسْلَمَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ الْمِيرَاثُ فَلَهَا الْمِيرَاثُ.
“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘If one becomes a Muslim before the legacy is distributed the legacy belongs to him. If one becomes a Muslim after the legacy is distributed there is no legacy for him. If one is set free before the legacy is distributed it belongs to hi
إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يَقْضِي فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ فِيمَا أَدْرَكَ الْإِسْلَامَ مِنْ مَالِ مُشْرِكٍ تَرَكَهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ قُسِمَ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَجْعَلُ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَ الرِّجَالِ حُظُوظَهُمْ مِنْهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ ص.
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, a number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad, and Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father all from ibn Mahbub from ibn Ri’ab from abu Hamzah who has narrated the following: “Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), once issued a judgment.
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الْمَوَارِيثِ مَا أَدْرَكَ الْإِسْلَامَ مِنْ مَالِ مُشْرِكٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِنَّ لِلنِّسَاءِ حُظُوظَهُنَّ مِنْهُ[1]. - عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ وَ الْمَجُوسَ يَرِثُونَ وَ يُورَثُونَ مِيرَاثَ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ وَجْهِ الْقَرَابَةِ الَّتِي تَجُوزُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَ يَبْطُلُ مَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ و
“Abu Ja’far (a.s.), has said that Ali (a.s.), issued judgment. It was in the case of those who became Muslims and the pagans of the legacy of pagans, which was not distributed before his becoming a Muslim. It gave such men and women their shares according to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, and the Sunn
قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا ذِمِّيّاً أَسْلَمَ وَ أَبُوهُ حَيٌّ وَ لِأَبِيهِ وَلَدٌ غَيْرُهُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْأَبُ وَرِثَهُ الْمُسْلِمُ جَمِيعَ مَالِهِ وَ لَمْ يَرِثْهُ وَلَدُهُ وَ لَا امْرَأَتُهُ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِ شَيْئاً.
“’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), has said, ’If a Dhimmiy (taxpayer) becomes a Muslim when his father is living who has children besides him, then the father dies, the Muslim inherits all of his legacy and his other children and wife do not inherit anything with a Muslim.’”
فِي يَهُودِيٍّ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ مُسْلِمُونَ وَ أَوْلَادٌ غَيْرُ مُسْلِمِينَ[1] فَقَالَ هُمْ عَلَى مَوَارِيثِهِمْ[2].
“About the case of a Jew and a Christian who dies and has Muslim children and non-Muslim children, he (the Imam) said, ’The laws of inheritance apply to them.’” (Only Muslims inherit).
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ فِي الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ قَالَ تُشْتَرَى مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهَا ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُوَرِّثُهَا.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that ’ Amir al-Mu’minin, about the case of a free man who dies leaving behind his mother who is owned by someone, has said that she is bought with money from the legacy of her son, then is set free and then she is made to inherit him.’”
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ تُوُفِّيَ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ قَالَ تُشْتَرَى أُمُّهُ وَ تُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهَا بَقِيَّةُ الْمَالِ.
“About the case of a man who dies leaving behind a certain amount of assets and a mother who is owned by someone, I once heard abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘His mother is bought, then the rest of the legacy is given to her.”’
إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ وَ تَرَكَ أَبَاهُ وَ هُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ أَوْ أُمَّهُ وَ هِيَ مَمْلُوكَةٌ وَ الْمَيِّتُ حُرٌّ اشْتُرِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ أَبُوهُ أَوْ قَرَابَتُهُ وَ وَرِثَ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْمَالِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a man dies leaving behind his father who is owned by someone or his mother who is owned by someone and the deceased is free, with his legacy, his father or relative is bought who then is made to inherit the remaining of the legacy.’”
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ ابْنٌ مَمْلُوكٌ قَالَ يُشْتَرَى وَ يُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ مَا بَقِيَ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies and leaves behind a son who is owned by someone. He (the Imam) said, ‘His son is bought, set free and the rest of the legacy is given to him.’”
كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ فِي الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ قَالَ تُشْتَرَى مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهَا ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُوَرِّثُهَا.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said that about the case of a free man who dies and leaves behind his mother who is owned by someone, Amir al-Mu’minin would say, ‘She is bought with the legacy of her son, then is set free and made to inherit her son.’”
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا كَثِيراً وَ تَرَكَ أُمّاً مَمْلُوكَةً وَ أُخْتاً مَمْلُوكَةً[1] قَالَ تُشْتَرَيَانِ مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ تُعْتَقَانِ وَ تُوَرَّثَانِ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَبَى أَهْلُ الْجَارِيَةِ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ وَ يُقَوَّمَانِ قِيمَةَ عَدْلٍ ثُمَّ يُعْطَى مَا لَهُمْ عَلَى قَدْرِ الْقِيمَةِ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ لَوْ أَنَّهُمَا اشْتُرِيَا ثُمَّ أُعْتِقَا
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies leaving behind a large amount of assets, a mother and a sister who are owned by someone. He (the Imam) said, ‘They are bought with the assets of the deceased, set free and made to inherit him.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if the people of the slave-g
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ وَ لَهُ مَالٌ- أَنْ تُشْتَرَى أُمُّهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ وَ تُدْفَعَ إِلَيْهَا بَقِيَّةُ الْمَالِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ ذُو قَرَابَةٍ لَهُمْ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ[1].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has stated this about the judgment of ’ Amir al-Mu’minin. It is about the case of a man who dies leaving behind a mother, who is owned by someone and a certain amount of assets. He (the Imam) has said, ‘His mother must be bought with his legacy and the rest of the legacy must be given to her, if
مَاتَ مَوْلًى لِعَلِيٍّ ع فَقَالَ انْظُرُوا هَلْ تَجِدُونَ لَهُ وَارِثاً فَقِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّ لَهُ بِنْتَيْنِ بِالْيَمَامَةِ مَمْلُوكَتَيْنِ فَاشْتَرَاهُمَا مِنْ مَالِ الْمَيِّتِ ثُمَّ دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِمَا بَقِيَّةَ الْمَالِ. : قَالَ الْفَضْلُ فَإِنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ فَإِنْ أَبَى مَوْلَى الْمَمْلُوكِ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ وَ امْتَنَعَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ يُجْبَرُ عَلَيْهِ قِيلَ نَعَمْ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَمْتَنِعَ وَ هَذَا حُكْمٌ
لَا يَتَوَارَثُ الْحُرُّ وَ الْمَمْلُوكُ[2].
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The free and slaves do not inherit each other.’”
لَا يَتَوَارَثُ الْحُرُّ وَ الْمَمْلُوكُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The free and slaves do not inherit each other.’”
لَا يَتَوَارَثُ الْحُرُّ وَ الْمَمْلُوكُ.
“One of the two Imam, (abu Ja‘far or abu ‘Abd Allah), ‘Alayhim al-Salam, has said, ‘The free and slaves do not inherit each other.’”
الْعَبْدُ لَا يَرِثُ وَ الطَّلِيقُ لَا يَرِثُ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A slave does not inherit and a free person does not inherit from a slave.’” (It is because a slave does not own anything.)
يَرِثُهُ ابْنُ ابْنِهَا الْحُرُّ. بَابٌ
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from al-Hassan ibn Mahbub from abu Ayyub from Mehzam who has narrated the following: “About the case of a slave who is a Muslim and has a Christian mother and a free son, it was asked what happens if the mother of the slave dies leaving a certain amount of asse
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ انْطَلَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا فَاشْتَرَى أُمَّهُ وَ اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهَا أَنِّي أَشْتَرِيكِ وَ أُعْتِقُكِ فَإِذَا مَاتَ ابْنُكِ فُلَانُ بْنُ فُلَانٍ فَوَرِثْتِهِ أَعْطِينِي نِصْفَ مَا تَرِثِينَ عَلَى أَنْ تُعْطِينِي بِذَلِكِ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَ عَهْدَ رَسُولِهِ فَرَضِيَتْ بِذَلِكَ فَأَعْطَتْهُ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَ عَهْد
“I once asked abu Ja‘far (a.s.), about the case of a man who had a mother who was owned by someone. When it was the time of his death a certain person of our people went and bought his mother. He set the condition that he buys her and sets her free; if after the death of her son so and so, son of so and so, when she wi
شَرْطُ اللَّهِ قَبْلَ شَرْطِكَ.
About the case of a man who made a contract with his slave and a condition that his legacy will be for him, which then was brought before ’Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.), who annulled his condition saying that the condition of Allah is before your (the master’s) condition.’”
الْمُكَاتَبُ يَرِثُ وَ يُورَثُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا أَدَّى.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘A contracting slave inherits proportionate to the amount he has paid.’” (The above form of contracting is a contract between a slave and his master, which is an agreement that requires the slave to pay a certain amount to become free. Such contract can entail conditions and restrictio
إِنْ كَانَ اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ إِنْ عَجَزَ فَهُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ رَجَعَ ابْنُهُ مَمْلُوكاً وَ الْجَارِيَةُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ أَدَّى ابْنُهُ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ وَ وَرِثَ مَا بَقِيَ.
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Umeyr, from Hammad, from Al Halby and Abdullah Bin Sinan, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws regarding a contracted man who died and had paid off some of his contracted amount, and for him was a son from his slave girl. He asws said: ‘If there was a condition up
أَهْلُ الْمِيرَاثِ لَا يَرِثُ وَ لَا نُجِيزُ وَصِيَّتَهَا لَهُ لِأَنَّهُ مُكَاتَبٌ لَمْ يُعْتَقْ وَ لَا يَرِثُ فَقَضَى أَنَّهُ يَرِثُ بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ.
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ibn Abu Najran and Muhammad Bin Isa, from Yunus, altogether from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Muhammad Bin Qays, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws regarding a contracted man, under whom was a free wife, so she bequeathed during her death with a bequest. So he asws said: ‘The p
يُحْسَبُ مِيرَاثُهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ لِوَرَثَتِهِ وَ مَا لَمْ يُعْتَقْ مِنْهُ لِأَرْبَابِهِ الَّذِينَ كَاتَبُوهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ.
And by the chain, from Aasim Bin Humeyd, from Muhammad Bin Qays, (It has been narrated) from Abu Ja’far asws regarding a contracted slave who died and for him was wealth. He asws said: ‘His inheritance would be calculated in accordance of what he had been emancipated (liberated) from it, to be for his inheritors, and w
سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُكَاتَبٍ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يُؤَدِّ مُكَاتَبَتَهُ وَ تَرَكَ مَالًا وَ وَلَداً قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ سَيِّدُهُ حِينَ كَاتَبَهُ اشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ عَجَزَ عَنْ نَجْمٍ مِنْ نُجُومِهِ فَهُوَ رَدٌّ فِي الرِّقِّ وَ كَانَ قَدْ عَجَزَ عَنْ نَجْمٍ فَمَا تَرَكَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ لِسَيِّدِهِ وَ ابْنُهُ رَدٌّ فِي الرِّقِّ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ قَبْلَ الْمُكَاتَبَةِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ كَاتَبَهُ
A number of our companions, from Sahl Bin Ziyad and Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Ahmad Bin Muhammad, from Al Hassan Bin Mahboub, from Malik Bin Atiyya who said, ‘Abu Abdullah asws was asked about a contracted man who died and had not paid off his contractual amount, and left wealth and children. He asws said: ‘If his maste
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُكَاتَبٍ يُؤَدِّي بَعْضَ مُكَاتَبَتِهِ ثُمَّ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ ابْناً لَهُ مِنْ جَارِيَتِهِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ صَارَ ابْنُهُ مَعَ أُمِّهِ مَمْلُوكَيْنِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اشْتُرِطَ عَلَيْهِ صَارَ ابْنُهُ حُرّاً وَ أَدَّى إِلَى الْمَوَالِي بَقِيَّةَ الْمُكَاتَبَةِ وَ وَرِثَ ابْنُهُ مَا بَقِيَ.
Humeyd Bin ziyad, from Al Hassan Bin Muhammad, from Muhammad Bin Ziyad, from Muhammad Bin Humran, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I asked him asws about a contracted slave who had paid off some of his contractual amount, then died, and left a son of his from his slave girl. He asws said: ‘If ther
إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يَقُولُ يُجْعَلُ مَالُهُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحِصَصِ.
Muhammad Bin Yahya, from Abdullah Bin Muhammad, from Ali Bin Al Hakam, from Aban, from Muhammad Bin Muslim, (It has been narrated) from one of the two (5 th or 6 th Imam asws ) regarding a contracted slave who died and he had paid off something from his contracted amount, and left wealth, and for him were two free chil
قُلْتُ لَهُ مُكَاتَبٌ اشْتَرَى نَفْسَهُ وَ خَلَّفَ مَالًا قِيمَتُهُ مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ وَ لَا وَارِثَ لَهُ قَالَ يَرِثُهُ مَنْ يَلِي جَرِيرَتَهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ مَنِ الضَّامِنُ لِجَرِيرَتِهِ قَالَ الضَّامِنُ لِجَرَائِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ[1].
Ali Bin Ibrahim, from his father, from Ismail Bin marrar, from Yunus, from Abdullah Bin Sinan, (It has been narrated) from Abu Abdullah asws , said, ‘I said to him asws , ‘A contracted slave bought himself, and left wealth of his price, a hundred thousand, and there was no inheritor for him’. He asws said: ‘He would in
مَالُهُ لِوُلْدِهِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.
“About the case of a man who dies as an apostate and has children, abu ‘ Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘His legacy belongs to his Muslim children.”’
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ قَالَ يُقْسَمُ مِيرَاثُهُ عَلَى وَرَثَتِهِ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who has turned away from Islam and about who inherits him. He (the Imam) said, ‘His legacy is distributed according to the book of Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious.’”
إِذَا ارْتَدَّ الرَّجُلُ الْمُسْلِمُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ كَمَا تَبِينُ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ وَ إِنْ قُتِلَ أَوْ مَاتَ قَبْلَ انْقِضَاءِ الْعِدَّةِ فَهِيَ تَرِثُهُ فِي الْعِدَّةِ وَ لَا يَرِثُهَا إِنْ مَاتَتْ وَ هُوَ مُرْتَدٌّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘When a man becomes an apostate (turns away from Islam), his wife becomes a stranger to him, like an irrevocably divorced woman. If he is killed or dies, before completion of ‘Iddah (waiting period), she inherits during her ‘Iddah. He does not inherit her if she dies when he turns away
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الْمُرْتَدِّ فَقَالَ مَنْ رَغِبَ عَنْ دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ كَفَرَ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ص بَعْدَ إِسْلَامِهِ فَلَا تَوْبَةَ لَهُ[1] وَ قَدْ وَجَبَ قَتْلُهُ وَ بَانَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ مِنْهُ فَلْيُقْسَمْ مَا تَرَكَ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ.
“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about an apostate (one who turns away from Islam). He (the Imam) said, ‘If one turns away from Islam and rejects what Allah has revealed to Muhammad (SAW), after his being a Muslim, his repentance has no effect. (After judicial due process) executing him is obligatory, his wife becomes
سَأَلَ خَطَّابٌ الْأَعْوَرُ أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع وَ أَنَا جَالِسٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عِنْدَ أَبِي أَجِيرٌ يَعْمَلُ عِنْدَهُ بِالْأَجْرِ فَفَقَدْنَاهُ وَ بَقِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَجْرِهِ شَيْءٌ وَ لَا نَعْرِفُ لَهُ وَارِثاً قَالَ فَاطْلُبُوهُ قَالَ قَدْ طَلَبْنَاهُ فَلَمْ نَجِدْهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ مَسَاكِينُ وَ حَرَّكَ يَدَيْهِ قَالَ فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ اطْلُبْ وَ اجْهَدْ فَإِنْ قَدَرْتَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِلَّا فَهُوَ كَسَب
“Khattab al-A‘war asked abu Ibrahim (a.s.), when I was sitting, ‘A man worked on hire with my father and we lost him. A certain amount from his wages was left with us and we did not know any of his heirs. He (the Imam) said, ‘You must search for him.’ He said, ‘We searched but did not find him.’ He (the Imam) said, ‘De
فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ حَقٌّ فَفَقَدَهُ وَ لَا يَدْرِي أَيْنَ يَطْلُبُهُ وَ لَا يَدْرِي أَ حَيٌّ هُوَ أَمْ مَيِّتٌ وَ لَا يَعْرِفُ لَهُ وَارِثاً وَ لَا نَسَباً وَ لَا بَلَداً قَالَ اطْلُبْ قَالَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ قَدْ طَالَ فَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ قَالَ اطْلُبْهُ.
“This is about the case of a man who has a right on another man. However, he was lost and he did not know where to look for him, not knowing if he is dead or living. He does not know of anyone as his heir, or a town or lineage relation. He (the Imam) said, ‘He must search but if it becomes very long then he must give i
كَتَبْتُ إِلَى عَبْدٍ صَالِحٍ ع قَدْ وَقَعَتْ عِنْدِي مِائَتَا دِرْهَمٍ وَ أَرْبَعَةُ دَرَاهِمَ وَ أَنَا صَاحِبُ فُنْدُقٍ[1] وَ مَاتَ صَاحِبُهَا وَ لَمْ أَعْرِفْ لَهُ وَرَثَةً فَرَأْيُكَ فِي إِعْلَامِي حَالَهَا وَ مَا أَصْنَعُ بِهَا فَقَدْ ضِقْتُ بِهَا ذَرْعاً فَكَتَبَ اعْمَلْ فِيهَا وَ أَخْرِجْهَا صَدَقَةً قَلِيلًا قَلِيلًا حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ.
3. Yunus has narrated from Nasr ibn Habib Sahib al-Khan who has narrated the following: “I once wrote to the virtuous servant (of Allah) about two hundred and four dirham which remained with me. I own a hotel. The owner of dirham has died and I do not know any heirs for him. I need your opinion on this matter and what
كَتَبْتُ إِلَى عَبْدٍ صَالِحٍ ع أَنِّي أَتَقَبَّلُ الْفَنَادِقَ فَيَنْزِلُ عِنْدِيَ الرَّجُلُ فَيَمُوتُ فَجْأَةً لَا أَعْرِفُهُ وَ لَا أَعْرِفُ بِلَادَهُ وَ لَا وَرَثَتَهُ فَيَبْقَى الْمَالُ عِنْدِي كَيْفَ أَصْنَعُ بِهِ وَ لِمَنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَالُ فَكَتَبَ ع اتْرُكْهُ عَلَى حَالِهِ.
“I once wrote to the virtuous servant (of Allah) that I manage hotels. A man who stays in the hotel may die suddenly and I do not know his town and his heirs; and his assets remain with me. What must I do about it? He (the Imam) wrote back, ‘You must leave it in its condition.’”
قَالَ لِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع الْمَفْقُودُ يُتَرَبَّصُ بِمَالِهِ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ يُقْسَمُ.
“Abu al-Hassan (a.s.), said to me, ‘The assets of a lost person must be kept for four years; then they are distributed.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِيَ ع- عَنْ دَارٍ كَانَتْ لِامْرَأَةٍ وَ كَانَ لَهَا ابْنٌ وَ ابْنَةٌ فَغَابَ الِابْنُ بِالْبَحْرِ وَ مَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَادَّعَتِ ابْنَتُهَا أَنَّ أُمَّهَا كَانَتْ صَيَّرَتْ هَذِهِ الدَّارَ لَهَا وَ بَاعَتْ أَشْقَاصاً[2] مِنْهَا وَ بَقِيَتْ فِي الدَّارِ قِطْعَةٌ إِلَى جَنْبِ دَارِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا وَ هُوَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا لِغَيْبَةِ الِابْنِ وَ مَا يَتَخَوَّفُ مِنْ
“I once asked abu Ja’far (a.s.), about the case of a house that belongs to a woman who had a son and a daughter. Her son disappeared in the ocean, the woman died and the daughter claimed that her mother had given the house to her and she sold certain parts of it. One portion was left next to the house of a man of our p
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ فَغَابَ بَعْضُ وُلْدِهِ وَ لَمْ يَدْرِ أَيْنَ هُوَ وَ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ كَيْفَ يُصْنَعُ بِمِيرَاثِ الْغَائِبِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ يُعْزَلُ حَتَّى يَجِيءَ قُلْتُ فُقِدَ الرَّجُلُ فَلَمْ يَجِئْ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ وَرَثَةُ الرَّجُلِ مِلَاءً بِمَالِهِ[3] اقْتَسَمُوهُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَإِذَا جَاءَ رَدُّوهُ عَلَيْهِ. - عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ
“I once asked him (the Imam) (a.s.), about the case of a man who had several sons, of whom one disappeared and he did not know where he was. The man died. What must be done with the share of the legacy for the son who has disappeared? He (the Imam) said, ‘It must be kept aside until he comes? I then said, ‘The man is l
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ فَغَابَ بَعْضُ وُلْدِهِ وَ لَمْ يَدْرِ أَيْنَ هُوَ وَ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ فَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ يُصْنَعُ بِمِيرَاثِ الرَّجُلِ الْغَائِبِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ يُعْزَلُ حَتَّى يَجِيءَ قُلْتُ فَعَلَى مَالِهِ زَكَاةٌ قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَجِيءَ قُلْتُ فَإِذَا جَاءَ يُزَكِّيهِ قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ فِي يَدِهِ فَقُلْتُ فُقِدَ الرَّجُلُ فَلَمْ يَجِئْ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ وَرَثَة
“I once asked abu al-Hassan, al-Awwal (a.s.), about the case of a man who has several sons, of whom one disappeared and he did not know where he was. The man died. What must be done with his share of legacy from his father? He (the Imam) said, ‘It must be kept aside until he comes? I then asked if there is Zakat on his
ع الْمَفْقُودُ يَحْبِسُ مَالَهُ الْوَرَثَةُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يُطْلَبُ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُقْدَرْ عَلَيْهِ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ بَيْنَ الْوَرَثَةِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ حُبِسَ الْمَالُ وَ أُنْفِقَ عَلَى وُلْدِهِ تِلْكَ الْأَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ.
“Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘The heirs must keep the assets of one who is lost for the duration of four years’ searching. If he is not found, his assets are distributed among the heirs. If he has children, the assets must be withheld and the expenses of his children must be provided during the four years?”
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ فِي الْمَنْفُوسِ إِذَا تَحَرَّكَ وَرِثَ إِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا كَانَ أَخْرَسَ.
“I once heard abu ’Abd Allah (a.s.), saying about newborn, ‘If he moves, he inherits; perhaps he is speechless.”’
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ فِي السِّقْطِ إِذَا سَقَطَ مِنْ بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ فَتَحَرَّكَ تَحَرُّكاً بَيِّناً يَرِثُ وَ يُورَثُ فَإِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا كَانَ أَخْرَسَ[1].
“I once heard abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), saying, ‘If a miscarried child falls off the womb of his mother and moves with clear movement, he inherits and is inherited; perhaps he is speechless so that he did not cry.’”
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ فَوَضَعَتْ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ غُلَاماً ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْغُلَامُ بَعْدَ مَا وَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ فَشَهِدَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِي قَبِلَتْهَا أَنَّهُ اسْتَهَلَّ وَ صَاحَ حِينَ وَقَعَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُجِيزَ شَهَادَتَهَا فِي رُبُعِ مِيرَاثِ الْغُلَامِ.
“I once asked abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), about the case of a man who dies leaving behind a woman who is pregnant. She gives birth after his death and the boy dies after falling on the ground. The female nurse saw and heard him crying when falling on the ground but then died. He (the Imam) said, ‘It is up to the Imam to app
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ الْقَابِلَةِ فِي الْمَوْلُودِ إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَ صَاحَ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ وَ يُوَرَّثُ الرُّبُعَ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ بِقَدْرِ شَهَادَةِ امْرَأَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَتَا امْرَأَتَيْنِ قَالَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُمَا فِي النِّصْفِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ.
The testimony of a female nurse about the crying of a newborn at the time of birth is effective for one-fourth of the legacy proportionate to the testimony of one woman.’ I then asked, ‘What happens if they are two women?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘It is effective for one-half of the legacy.’”